Mutum pharyngeal aiki

Ba abin mamaki ba cewa pharynx ne da ake kira "babban kofa" a cikin jikin mutum, domin duk abin da samun ciki, ya wuce ta cikin jiki. A mutane, shi ne mafi fiye gaba ka koma kawai a matsayin "makogwaro", amma tana da wani sunan daban a cikin likita terminology. Bari mu gano abin da su ne pharyngeal aiki da kuma abin da yake da rawar a rayuwa tafiyar matakai.

kimiyya definition

Daga mahangar magani, pharynx (Lat. Pharynx) ne a haɗa sarkar tsakanin baka rami da hanci. Outwardly, shi ya dubi kamar tube cewa zai fara maƙogwaro, esophagus da kuma iyakar. Wannan ne saboda da rawa a matsayin wani muhimmin mahada ba kawai a cikin narkewa kamar, amma kuma a cikin numfashi tsari.

A tsarin da pharynx

A ilimin Halittar Jiki tsarin da makogwaro ba sauki makirci: wannan jiki fãra daga tushe daga cikin kwanyar (kamar hyoid kashi) da kuma kara zuwa VI-VII na mahaifa vertebrae (matakin kamar clavicles). A tsawon makogwaro a cikin mutane jeri daga 10 (yara da kuma matasa) zuwa 14 cm (a cikin manya).

Dukan ciki surface na pharyngeal mucosa, kuma yana da gland shine yake a karkashin abin da boye mai siffar zobe tsokoki m don rage (ƙyama da kuma mikewa). Suna taimaka wa jiki don gudanar da ayyuka. Babban aiki na pharynx:

• numfashi
• hadiya abinci,
• Ilimi muryoyin.

A general, pharynx na'urar za a iya bayyana kamar haka: shi ne hada da sassa uku (da hanci, baki da kuma laryngeal), kowanne daga wanda aka haɗa zuwa janar bututu, kuma ya aikata wasu ayyuka. Domin mafi fahimtar da tankwara da pharynx ya zama wani karin cikakken nazarin tsarin da kowane daga cikin sassa.

tuki nasopharynx

The sama na pharynx, haɗa hanci kogo, ya wuce ta musamman ramukan hanci - choanae, da ake kira da nasopharynx. Ya kunshi gaba da raya sassa, saboda abin da makogwaro kuma yi ayyukan biyu. Man ba za a iya tunanin ba tare da numfashi tsari, wanda, bi da bi, za su daina aiki idan warwarewarsu wani daga cikin nasopharynx a cikin micro tsarin.

An muhimmanci aiki na nasopharynx ne a kare da jikin mu da daban-daban kwayoyin da cewa zai iya shiga ta hanyar baki. Gaskiyar ita ce, a baya na sama na pharynx akwai wani fairly manyan taro na lymphadenoid nama (a cikin wasu kalmomi, shi ne amygdala), wanda shi ne irin wani cikas, a cikin hanyar cuta-haddasa kwayoyin da kuma hana su je zurfi.

Positioned Palatine tonsils ga wishbone, rufe su da wani multilayered epithelium cewa Forms m m bango da microbes. Lymphadenoid masana'anta shi ne ma a cikin jirgin sama na harshe, kusa da sosai tushen. Tare da sauran follicles tonsils da suka samar da wani annular sarkar a mucosal kauri. A likita terminology, wannan sashi na jiki ne da ake kira pharyngeal lymphadenoid zobe kuma shi ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na rigakafi da tsarin.

A tsakiyar ɓangare na pharynx: ta sifa da aiki

A gaba na tsarin za a iya daukan matsayin oropharynx: Wannan yanki, wanda lullube daga tushe na harshen da esophagus. A dukan surface na bututu da ake sharewa da mucous membrane, wanda aka located tsokoki. Su damfara da makogwaro da kuma taimakawa wajen tura abinci a cikin esophagus. Yana da wuya a yi imani ba, amma duk da tsokoki ne a akai motsi, ta haka ne tabbatar da m aiki na makogwaro kogo.

The most tsokoki na oropharynx ake kira constrictors, su sabõda wani babban kaya a lokacin da tightening na murdede tsarin. Suna kullum located in raya na wani reshe-dimbin yawa kunya (da yankin na harshe) da kuma yin manyan ayyuka na mutum makogwaro a narkewa. Bugu da kari ga ingestion abinci ko gamsai, suna da hannu a cikin matakai na bude da kuma rufe daga cikin makogwaro. Dangane da wuri, sun kasu kashi babba constrictor, tsakiya da kuma biyu gefen.

A kasa na pharynx - hypopharynx

A lowermost jiki ne rabu a baya na makogwaro, a kan 4th vertebra, shi kara daga farkon pharynx da esophagus. A surface na fibrous casing yana hypopharynx, a karkashin abin da akwai tsaye da kuma mai gangara tsokoki. A lokacin liyafar, tsaye tsoka aka mĩƙe da abinci kamar yadda ta dage da makogwaro, da kuma gicciye - turawa guda na abinci. Da muhimmancin da pharynx a narkewa ne sun fi mayar saboda da yanayin jiki: yadda amygdala, su sami damar kare da kwayar cututtuka, babu munanan a ci gaba da kuma babu mai dagewa, traumatic ko oncological cututtuka.

Mene ne ayyuka na pharynx a cikin numfashi tsarin?

Kowa ya sani cewa a cikin mutum makogwaro ne a zahiri haɗa ta biyu babban abubuwa na rayuwa: shi ne numfashi da kuma narkewa kamar tsarin. Ta yaya ne wannan "tsaka-tsaki" babu wani karo, da kuma kowane tsari ne aiki smoothly? Duk da al'amarin a cikin tricky na'urar da cewa jiki.

A nasopharynx yankin, kamar sama da matakin na buccal rami, shi ne karamin bawul tsarin wanda alternately rufe ko buɗe wani musamman Passageway makogwaro dangane da tsari (ko numfashi abinci). Babban iska tashar wadda ya tsawaita daga nasopharynx ga maƙogwaro, da annashuwa tsokoki duk bude, don haka ba za mu iya amince sha taba da kuma exhale ta bakin. Lokacin da muka hamma, sa'an nan bangare ne dake a cikin kusanci da taushi palate, shi damar iska gudãna daga cikin bakin da hanci kogo. Abin baƙin ciki, mutane ba su iya cikakken iko da tsokoki na bangare ko idan ya dauke da taushi palate da kuma dakatar da kwarara daga iska, da nassi zai kasance bude. Sai a wannan shi ne dalilin da cewa wani lokacin abinci barbashi iya samun cikin nasopharynx.

Next located trachea, ta hanyar abin da iska ta shiga daga farko zuwa pharynx da haske. Wannan jiki ne sun fi mayar saboda da duniya rarraba airflow a cikin makogwaro da kuma ta hanyar da bawul (epiglottis) located a gindi daga cikin makogwaro yin asali ayyuka a cikin numfashi tsarin.

Babban aiki na pharynx a narkewa

Makogwaro - ne sashin jiki da wanda ya cinye abinci shiga cikin esophagus sa'an nan da ciki. A cikin makogwaro akwai muhimmanci matakai da shafi dukkan kara narkewa. A nan ne da abinci da aka farko kiyasta a dandano: a cikin oropharynx, da harshe surface located a kan rabe cewa, samar da dandano abinci da kuma sun fi mayar da taimakawa ga ci.

Wani aiki na pharynx ne na farko inji aiki na abinci: tare da taimakon hakora cizon mu ci, tauna da kuma kara. A makogwaro slyunovydelitelny ne mai aiki aiwatar da abin da abinci da aka moistened, da kuma sauƙi wuce fadin pharynx da esophagus.

Ban sha'awa, gaskiya ne: ƙanƙancewa na tsokoki da taimakawa wajen hadiya abinci, akwai wani reflex na tsakiya m tsarin sami hasken dake fitowa ta cewa sa tsokoki don matsar da yardar kaina, watau, wani mutum da ba ya mallakar wannan tsari ... Wannan yanayin na pharynx aka gano a lokacin da wani mutum ne a karkashin maganin sa barci.

cututtuka na pharynx

Tare da farko na sanyi weather fara annoba annoba, a lokacin da mutane karba daban-daban ƙwayoyin cuta. Daya daga cikin mafi yiwuwa ga kwayar cututtuka na gabobin ne daidai pharynx. The fi na kowa iri cututtuka - yana da wani ciwon makogwaro, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis da kuma sauran cututtuka da wadannan cututtuka ne sosai m: akai ciwon makogwaro, runny ko kumbura tonsils .. Zalunta makogwaro ne mafi alhẽri ba da jinkiri ba, dace magani da taimako na zamani maganin rigakafi da sauri rabu da kwayan cuta da kuma yadda ya kamata antivirals yaqi kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Domin manufar da rigakafin da aka bada shawarar su bi wasu sharudda, kamar a maƙil wurare, sa a mask. Traditional hanyoyin magani kuma bai tsoma baki: dumi madara da zuma dole soothe mucous membrane na maƙogwaro, da kuma jiko na chamomile kuma ganye ƙarfafa tsarin na rigakafi.