M hamada shuke-shuke: Calligonum. Description, amfani

Buckwheat - a real yaro na hamada. Ya ke tsiro a sosai zafi da kuma sultry wurare a duniya, yayin da rike wani babban ado bayyanar, haske m furanni da kuma ban mamaki 'ya'yan itace. A 'yan asalin al'adu, ya ya aka yi amfani da ko'ina, kamar yadda yake wani lokacin, kusan babban shuka yankin.

Shuka Calligonum: description

A karkashin da aka ba sunan da aka hada HALITTAR branched perennial shrub a cikin iyali Polygonaceae. Fassara daga Latin, shi hadawa da kalmomi "kyakkyawan" da "interstitial", wanda a gaskiya yana nuni da bayyanar da shuka. A mutane calligonum samu a yawan sunayen, ciki har da Tanderu, hayaki, itace zobo (saboda iyawa sprouts) tursuk da sauransu.

Girman daga cikin daji dabam a cikin kewayon 0.4 zuwa 7 mita, dangane da wuri na ci gaba. Saboda haka, a kusa da ruwan karkashin kasa ne wasu irin girma kamar itacen-ko Multi-hankulan shrubs.

A shuka yana m sashe openwork kambi. Akwati da mazan rassan ƙarshe zama mai lankwasa, harbe Tuddan, tsawo, jointed tsarin, launi - launin toka-kore, kusan babu wani ganye. ta hanyoyi da yawa hali na irin hamada shuke-shuke.

Calligonum samar harbe a shekara, ta bugo daga axils na woody rassan, kamar yadda suka fada da kusan mutu gaba daya. Bar inconspicuous, acicular ko subulate, mikakke, 3-7 mm a tsawon, su da tushe yana da wani soket amplexicaul, farkon fall.

Akwai dole ne mai karfi da shuka da kuma daidai tushen tsarin. Domin buckwheat ne mafi waje irin halayyar. Horizontally zubar kaikaice tushen ja jiki har zuwa 20 m, a tsawon kuma 30 a cikin zurfin, samar da kansu tare da ruwa.

flowering buckwheat

A inji shi ne bunkasa sosai da sauri kuma a cikin 5-6 shekaru, ya riga ya kai ta matsakaicin size, halayyar da jinsunan. A wannan shekara, za ka iya duba da farko flowering hamada shrub.

Nice ganin abin da kama Calligonum a lokacin flowering (tsakiyar zuwa marigayi Afrilu). Tall shrub, tare da kusan babu greenery, an rufe shi da wani iri-iri guda fari, ruwan hoda (wani lokacin da wani m tinge) ko kore furanni. Bã su da wani haske ƙanshi, axillary, tsari daidai, bisexual. Bayan fiye da makonni biyu da flowering ovaries an kafa, a marigayi May - farkon watan Yuni, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari a fara da nunawa. Vegtatsii aiwatar da kanta ta fara a rabi na biyu na Maris.

fruiting

Fruit buckwheat ne a mike ko Twisted goro da ciwon m pericarp. A rarrabe shi ne cewa shi ne a winged, ko kuma usypany branched ko sauki setae. Su ne sau da yawa fiye da goro. Irin wannan na'urorin da yawa hamada shuke-shuke. Calligonum a cikin wannan mahallin kara kazalika da tsaba suna ajiye a cikin yashi, da kuma sauƙi ɗauke da iska a kan sosai tsawon nisa. Duk da haka, tare da woody harsashi germination ba kyau sosai, amma da ikon germinate da aka kiyaye domin 5-9 shekaru.

A fannin ci gaban

Mambobin halittar Calligonum halin kwarai juriya da kuma ikon tsira a mafi mũnin yanayi. Sau da yawa shi ne kawai jinsunan mafi girma shuke-shuke, da girma a rana-babbake Hamada. A fannin ci gaban ne sararin: daga Hamadar Sahara (North Africa) zuwa Alashan da Ordos a kasar Sin. M HALITTAR, lambobi fiye da 150 a Rasha da aka samu a yammacin Siberia.

Calligonum (da aka bayyana hereinabove) ji da kyau a Sands soaking barci da matakin na kokuwa da sauran matsananci yanayi. Duk da haka, shi ne m ga spring frosts, a zazzabi na 2-5 ° C matasa harbe fara bushe, kuma ya jũya baki.

iri buckwheat

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, wani m HALITTAR hada kan 150 jinsunan shrubs daban-daban bayyanar da size da furanni da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa. Tsaya ka da hankali kawai a kan wasu, ciki har da girma a Rasha.

• Calligonum treelike - shrub tare da-raya tushen tsarin, kai har zuwa 3-3.5 m tsawo. Daya daga cikin na farko shuka, wanda ake gyarawa a kan canjawa Sands, don haka ake amfani da su karfafa cikin ƙasa. Yana yana high ado Properties da ake amfani a Soliters, kungiyar amfanin gona a gefuna don ƙirƙirar wani shinge ko m makada.
• Calligonum leafless - shrub har zuwa 2 m ba ga tsawo da dogon kwance Tushen (har zuwa 12 m), wanda damar ta yin amfani da matsayin pochvozakreplyayuschee shuka. Ya ke tsiro a kan lãka, m kasa, solonetz, Saline kasa na wasu nau'in. A Rasha, ya tarar a kudu na ƙananan Volga yankin, da Caucasus da kuma Transcaucasia. An yadu amfani (ga abinci, ga man fetur, kamar yadda feed ga dabbobi) a cikin 'yan asalin mutanen steppe.
• Calligonum high. Wannan itace ne low (har zuwa 7 mita) tare da wani siririn tushe da kuma gyara sparse ko dan kadan branched daji. 'Yan mutane san cewa shuke-shuke Calligonum hamada ciki har da zai iya zama ado. Wannan irin yana da babban fari haushi da kuma furanni.
• Calligonum "Head of Medusa." - m-girma sosai branched shrub har zuwa 2 m mafi m dukan mambobin halittar, shi yana da m da m furanni, da 'ya'yan itacen yana da wani arziki ja ko kore. Amfani a cikin kungiyar plantings, tapeworm, Hedges.

A amfani da mutum

An dade kasance m hamada tsire-tsire ne corsac da calligonum. The matasa harbe na karshe asalin mutanen Kalmykia ana amfani da ice ƙishirwa, amma daga growths a kan rassan da bututu an sanya da kuma jita-jita.

Galibi, kuma ta tattalin arziki da muhimmanci. Young harbe da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa, wanda da halayyar m iyawa, bauta a matsayin fodder ga raƙuma, da tumaki. Ganin ba sosai arziki abinci tushe, da darajar da wannan samfurin shine quite high. Treelike wakilan da HALITTAR ake amfani da itace, kazalika ga yi na handicrafts da tsarabobi. Wasu hamada shuke-shuke (Calligonum musamman) suna da ikon girma a kan canjawa Sands, don haka ne rayayye amfani ga ƙasa karfafawa da kuma matsayin ornamental shuka.