Gina jiki

Wannan ra'ayi da aka gabatar da koyarwar biosphere babban masanin kimiyya Vernadsky. Gina jiki Vernadsky - "wani abu samar da rayuwa, tare da mafi m m makamashi." A game da bitumen, mai, farar ƙasa, da kwal, da dai sauransu

Kawai sa, barbashi na kwayoyin halitta da kuma na gina jiki a can. Misalai - ulu, hakora kika aika kaho kika aika da tsuntsaye gashinsa, ganye, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da kuma pollens, itace haushi ko auku itatuwa, dabba makewayi. Don sinadarin gina jiki da dangantaka lu'ulu'u, eggshell, bile (koda) duwatsu, madara, Nectar, yanar gizo, siliki. Jerin ne m.

Non-biogenic abu kuma za a iya kafa da masu rai, amma shi ne, da bambanci ga gina jiki ne musamman m a Muciya kamar yadda energetically sake yin fa'ida a cikin wasu rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

Musamman hankula tsari ga gudanar da mahadi. Kawai ta rage wani kankanin daga cikin wadanda ba biogenic abubuwa zama burbushin, motsi a polibiogennye abubuwa. Sedimentary kankara na duniya tamu da aka kafa a baya ma'aunan kasa epochs. By polibiogennym abubuwa a cikin laka iya zama, misali, hada da detritus (kayan lambu), ragowar kwayoyin (da muka kira su mummified), coprolites, amber, mikrobiogennye ma'adanai (ƙarfe hydroxides, sulfides, carbonates, da dai sauransu).

Mountain Duniya kankara aka halitta, yafi by rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. A wannan carbonate kankara (dolomite, farar ƙasa, alli) ne sakamakon plankton aiki da kuma kasa fina-finan m ruwa da kuma ruwan teku.

Koprolitovye limestones an ma dauke su biogenic. Wannan ne ma Dutse wanda da fara abu don kafa tumbi zama laka masu cin cewa sun bita lemun tsami yl.

Species silica (ma'adini, opal, chalcedony) an hada da farko na kwarangwal saura na "silicon" kwayoyin - diatom algae (diatoms) Radiolarian, Sponges, silikoflagellat.

Amma habaka (caustobioliths) - sedimentary kankara da ake halin high yawa na gina jiki kafin mu. Caustobiolites kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wasu makamashi da ayyuka na daban-daban rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

Musamman kwayoyin da ba-biogenic abu ne maida tara a sassa na tabkuna da kuma Marshes, yanzu a cikin biosphere. Alal misali, a kasar mu game da 60% na peat reserves na duniya girma. Kuma wannan shi ne saboda wani takamaiman Gwargwadon wuri, kuma, ba shakka, sauyin yanayi.

Continental ruwa da kuma tekuna tara ragowar plankton da benthic kwayoyin free-iyo, sapropel (silt adibas a sabo ruwa), dabba excrements. Af, na wannan tsari, za ka iya ko duba gida aquariums.

Coal, a juya, an kafa daga peat, amma riga tsoho. Mai shales aka kafa daga sapropel. A nan, Organic abu wakilta phytoplankton (sharan). Amma akwai slates "polugoryuchie" - a cikin abun da ke ciki ya kunshi ragowar zooplankton da zoobenthos.

Gina jiki da kuma zama cikin hanyar "black zinariya" - man fetur. "Iyaye" man - ragowar da aka ambata riga planktonic kwayoyin.

Species phosphate, manganese da gland shine yake - sedimentary, a low taro na gina jiki abubuwa.

Idan muka yi la'akari da phosphorite adibas, fiye da 90% ne a cikin kasa sediments tekuna, asalin, kamar yadda ka iya tsammani, Organic. Babban drive na phosphorus - phytoplankton, wanda aka haka sau da yawa aka bayyana a matsayin ruwa haske da dare. Amma phosphorus laka a kan teku bene - tumbi na zooplankton.

Ferruginous manganese ko kankara halittu masu rai swamps, tabkuna, tekuna, tekuna. baƙin ƙarfe da manganese taro na baƙin ƙarfe dogara a kan.

Rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da kuma masu alleity (ciki har da haƙar), salts, clayey da clastic kankara.

Amma "mafi iko m makamashi" da aka halitta a kan ƙarni da millennia, jinkirta da kasarun adadi na wani millimeter. Mun ciyar da wannan makamashi a kan wani m sikelin. A kan al'amurra bukatar tunani a yanzu, saboda da taki na da rinjaye stock albarkatun ne Mafi tikis da karshen wannan karni ...