Rukunan da biosphere: kafofin

Kusan duk wani ilimi mutum, ko da kuwa ko ya ko} o} arin, ji sauti da ɗan m kalmar "noosphere" a cikin abin da fanni na zamantakewa aiki. An dauke a matsayin na musamman sabon abu na XX karni, kamar ka'idar juyin halitta ya kasance a baya karni. Bari mu yi kokarin sake su fahimci wannan poluzagadochnoy ra'ayin abin da ya bayyana su da rukunan da biosphere da noosphere, don haka hankali hade da sunan kimiyya da falsafa gãdon Vernadsky.

Da farko, mun san daidai da shekara ta haihuwa da kuma ta kai tsaye marubucin.

Back a 1875, da kalmar "biosphere" An farko da ya gabatar a cikin kimiyya da juyin juya halin kasar Austria a fanning binciken kasa Eduard Zyuss. Amma bai ayyana ra'ayi, bai sanya ta kimiyya objectivity, don haka dogon isa da kalmar "biosphere" da aka yi amfani da wani iri-iri na ma'ana.

A karo na farko da wannan category da aka yi amfani da matsayin kimiyya a cikin ganuwar da College de France - Paris ta shahara makarantun, sanannen domin highbrow matakin na koyarwa, laccoci a 1927. marubucin ajalin da aka da Falsafa da lissafi Eduard Lerua. Sha'awa, da co-marubucin noosphere ra'ayi da aka gane kuma aboki na Le Roy - Per Teyyar de Chardin. Amma wadannan biyu masana kimiyya kai tsaye aika da sauraro da kuma masu karatu da Muciya ta Rasha Vladimir masanin kimiyya Vernadsky, wanda ya ba da laccoci a Sorbonne.

Vladimir Ivanovich, tsara rukunan da biosphere ya ci gaba da tunani a kan tushen da biogeochemical tsarin kula da shi. Tun 30s karni na ashirin da ra'ayin noosphere shrinks dukan iko kaffa Outlook na masanin kimiyya.

Amma baya a kan lokacin da za a asalin, ga Le Roy kuma Teilhard de Chardin. Mene ne jigon su ideas? Ana zargin da jinsunan mutane a cikin jerin suna hawa nau'i na nufin suna zaton cewa juyin halitta fitowa don amfani da wasu wajen, na musamman shafi tunanin mutum da kaddarorin. Masana kimiyya suna da'awar cewa juyin halittar Ya halitta a surar mutum, gabã ɗaya, sabon hanyar ci gaba da nasu - na musamman na ruhaniya da kuma qwaqwalwa ne qwarai ikon, irin wannan na farko a cikin yanayi bai wanzu ba. Chardin da kansa ya ayyana da kuma rarrabe Properties na wannan sabon abu - da mutum: gaban na nuna hankali, kai-sani da ikon, don haka abin da ya san kansa, kawai don ir} iro wasa duk siffofin na rayuwa.

A baya aiki, "A wurin mutumin a cikin yanayi," ya dauke da tambaya akan asalin da kuma rayuwar da ta ainihi, tunzura mutane a general kewayon da cosmic aiwatar da ganewar da kwayoyin halitta.

Abin sha'awa, matasa Vladimir, yayin da har yanzu a jami'a dalibi, ya rubuta a cikin diary mai ban mamaki ra'ayin, sakamakon da rukunan da biosphere da falsafa halin da ake ciki. A takaice, ya bayar da hujjar cewa tarihi na Duniya a planetary jarrabawa za a iya rubuta a matsayin tarihi na canje-canje na al'amarin. A wannan yanayin, duk wadannan canje-canje ba faruwa spontaneously da kuma da ka, amma dangane da sarari juna na duniya matakin.

A cikin wannan bayani, marubucin rukunan da biosphere take kaiwa zuwa Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa inda al'amarin alama "matattu", da gaske ne ba matattu ba, amma kawai "dozhiznenna" rayuwa a cikin shi akwai wata potentiality. Wannan sabon abu Vernadsky kira hominization, wani irin planetary juyin Jump a kan wani cosmic matakin, a matsayin dawo da (vitalization) al'amarin. A takaice, ka'idar da Muciya, idan akai la'akari da bayyanar mutum ba, ba balle a kasa, a gaskiya ma kara, a qualitatively sabon tayin da biosphere kanta, bi da ta da duka cosmic tsari. Hade a wannan hanya tare da juyin jerin rai, mutum, duk da haka, shi ne asalin dukan. Bisa ga wannan rubutu, da halittawa da kuma mabiya koyarwar noosphere ayan yi imani da mutum ba guda wakilin jinsin, kuma ba "kambi" yanayi, amma kawai wakilin wani sabon tsari na gaskiya, wanda dangane da biosphere abubuwa a matsayin mai zaman kanta sabon "Sphere".

Gomizatsiya ne mai Hanyar da wanda sabon da gwamnatin sabis, a hankali mafitar sama da dabba biosphere.

Located ta lokaci mutum Sphere, halin da kaddarorin gani, da ikon na wani mutum zuwa wani free kuma m zabi kuma kerawa. Wannan shi ne da mulkin dalilin - da noosphere. Wannan ne, da motsi na da tunani Vernadsky, mun gani da so in sallama ga koyarwar biosphere a matsayin na farko nazarin da ka'idar da mamaki na wata babbar domin - da noosphere ka'idar.