Shiri na aldehydes da su dauki

Aldehydes da ketones ne a cikin rukuni na carbonyl mahadi, kuma wakiltar wani hydrocarbon kwayoyin. Kawai sa, aldehydes - a fili na carbon da hydrogen atoms, kuma ketones - carbonyl fili tare da carbon sharan aldehydes. Yawanci, a hade da wani carbonyl kungiyar da kuma hydrogen kira aldehyde kungiyar, da su kansu aldehydes da ketones - oxidizing fili.

Fãce formaldehyde, wanda yana da gaseous tsari, da kuma duk sauran nau'o'in aldehydes da ketones ne mobile ruwa da ciwon tafasar batu wanda yake da yawa m fiye da yawan zafin jiki na carbon da wannan adadin kwayoyin halitta. Hydrogen, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na aldehydes, kyale su su gaba daya narke a cikin ruwa.

Shiri na aldehydes faruwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban da ya bambanta a mawuyaci da wani abu wanda ya auku tare da hydrocarbon hadawan abu da iskar shaka. A sauki irin aldehyde kira formaldehyde, samu lokacin wani fili daga oxygen da kuma methane da adadi kaɗan na jan karfe-tutiya abu. Shiri na aldehydes da ketones dogara fili daban-daban sunadarai da yawan sunadaran da hannu a cikin hadawan abu da iskar shaka.

A acid din da ake samu bayan aldehyde mahadi da kuma sauran abubuwa da ciwon guda carbon substrate. Sunayen da aldehyde kayayyakin ne aka fi amfani da Rasha maras muhimmanci sunayen cewa ta dace da sunan karshe acid, wanda ana tuba aldehyde. Alal misali, wasu sunayen na aldehydes: formic, acetic, propionic, butyric da isobutyric aldehydes. Kuma kowanne daga cikinsu shi ne daban-daban daga juna a cikin yawan kwayoyin halitta. Shiri na aldehydes ne yafi saboda da hadawan abu da iskar shaka na primary alcohols. Shi ne mafi muhimmanci na duk aka sani da hanyoyin da shiri na abu.

Acetaldehyde aka samu ta hanyar hade da barasa da potassium dichromate, da kuma aka gudanar, wannan hanya kusan ko da yaushe a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Na biyu Hanyar da wanda retrieves da aldehyde fili ne da barasa, oxygen da kuma wani karfe. Platinum mafi yawan lokuta, tun da wannan ƙarfe shi ne mafi aiki mataki. Zaka kuma iya amfani da jan karfe foda, amma yin aiki tare da shi mafi wuya. Ga shi wajibi ne don zafi da jan fili zuwa high yanayin zafi.

A cikin halayen wanda oxygen taka rawa, za a iya maimaita wani yawan sau. A hadawan abu da iskar shaka na jan karfe tare da oxygen samu methyl barasa. Kuma shiri na benzoic aldehyde daga halogen kwayoyin halitta, sakamakon wani sunadarai dauki da hydroxyl.

Kowane mutum aldehyde yana da sinadaran Properties, wanda, bi da bi, amsa tare da sauran abubuwa. Wadannan halayen za a iya raba da dama kungiyoyin, da Game da kungiyoyin na kwayoyin halitta. Na farko shi ne dangane da azurfa oxide. Lokacin da azurfa oxide fili, da kuma aldehyde, da kuma dumama cakuda zuwa gwajin tube za a iya gani ƙarfe shafi. Idan aldehyde don ƙara jan oxide kuma mai tsanani a high zazzabi, a blue precipitate jan hydroxide jũya a cikin rawaya. Wannan shi ne, abu ne tuba zuwa acid. Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa idan da rawaya cakuda da aka kona, a karshen shi yana ja.

Shiri na aldehydes da aromatic Properties, da kuma hadawan abu da iskar shaka Saide na dogon lokaci, da kuma ƙarshe take kaiwa zuwa abin da ya faru na perbenzoic acid.

Daga cikin abubuwan, za ka iya kula da aldehyde dauki, da ake kira Cannizzaro dauki. A lokacin wannan dauki, daya daga cikin biyu kwayoyin na aldehyde yana tuba zuwa acid, da kuma na biyu - da baya ga barasa. Duk na sama da hanyoyin da shiri na aldehydes da ɗan m, kuma tsammãninsu, m ga m mutum, duk da haka, yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa kusan duk aldehydes ne sosai guba da kuma zai iya tara a cikin jikin mutum.