Electrolyte mafita

electrolyte mafita ne na musamman da taya wanda suke partially ko gaba daya a cikin nau'i na cajin barbashi (ions). A sosai aiwatar da tsagawa da kwayoyin a kan barnatar (anions) da kuma lallai cajin (cations) barbashi kira electrolytic dissociation. Dissociation a cikin bayani ne kawai zai yiwu saboda da ikon da ions hulɗa da kwayoyin na iyakacin duniya ruwa da abubuwa a matsayin sauran ƙarfi.

Menene Wutan

Electrolyte mafita kasu kashi mai ruwa-ruwa da kuma wadanda ba mai ruwa-ruwa. Ruwa karatu quite da kyau, kuma sun kasance sosai tartsatsi ne. Su ne a kusan kowane mai rai kwayoyin da aka rayayye da hannu a dama muhimmanci nazarin halittu tafiyar matakai. Non-ruwa-ruwa Wutan nemi electrochemical matakai da kuma da dama daga sinadaran halayen. Su yi amfani da ya haddasa sabuwar dabara na sabon sinadaran hanyoyin makamashi. Sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a photoelectrochemical Kwayoyin, Organic kira, electrolytic capacitors.

Electrolyte mafita, dangane da mataki na dissociation za a iya raba karfi, matsakaici da kuma mai rauni. dissociation digiri (α) - shi ne rabo daga cikin karye kwayoyin a cikin caje barbashi don jimlar yawan kwayoyin. A karfi Wutan alpha darajar kusa da 1, a tsakiyar α≈0,3, sai mãsu rauni α <0,1.

By kullum karfi Wutan hada salts, da dama daga wasu acid - HCI, HBr, HI, HNO _3, H ₂ SO _4, HClO _4, hydroxides na barium, strontium, alli, kuma Alkali karafa. Sauran tushe da kuma acid - electrolyte matsakaici ko rauni arfi.

Kadarorin electrolyte mafita

Ilimi mafita ana sau da yawa tare da thermal illa da kuma canje-canje a cikin girma. Kan aiwatar da rushe da electrolyte a cikin ruwa faruwa a matakai uku:

1. Halakar sinadaran shaidu kuma intermolecular narkar electrolyte bukatar Kudinsa wani adadin na makamashi da kuma saboda haka zafi sha faruwa _(bit? H> 0).
2. A wannan mataki, da sauran ƙarfi fara hulɗa tare da electrolyte ions, sakamakon samuwar solvates (a cikin ruwa-ruwa bayani - hydrates). Wannan tsari ne da aka sani, kuma shi ne exothermic solvation, Ina nufin exotherm auku (Δ H _hydr <0).
3. A karshe mataki - yadawa. Wannan uniform rarraba hydrates (solvates) a cikin girma bayani. Wannan tsari na bukatar da kashe kudi da makamashi da kuma sabili da haka bayani ne sanyaya _(bambanci? H> 0).

Saboda haka, duka thermal sakamako na rushe da electrolyte za a iya rubuta a cikin wadannan nau'i:

_Sol? H =? H +? H _{dakatar da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa bambanci?} H +

Daga cewa, abin da zai zama da aka gyara na da makamashi effects ya dogara da karshe alama daga cikin jimlar zafi na rushe na electrolyte sakamako. Yawanci wannan tsari ne endothermic.

Properties na bayani dogara da farko a kan yanayin ta bijiro da batun kafa da aka gyara. Bugu da kari, da kaddarorin da electrolyte bayani abun da ke ciki ne ya rinjayi, matsa lamba da kuma yawan zafin jiki.

Dangane da abun ciki na dukkan solute electrolyte mafita za a iya raba sosai tsarma (a cikin abin da kawai ya ƙunshi "burbushi" electrolyte), tsarma (dauke da karamin adadin solute) da kuma mayar da hankali (da gagarumin electrolyte ciki).

Chemical halayen a electrolyte mafita, wanda ake sa da nassi na lantarki halin yanzu take kaiwa zuwa kadaici da wasu kayan na wayoyin. Wannan sabon abu ne da ake kira electrolysis kuma sau da yawa yana amfani da zamani da masana'antu. A musamman, saboda electrolysis samu aluminum, hydrogen, chlorine, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, kuma da yawa wasu muhimmanci abubuwa.