"Angara" (kara amfani): bayani dalla-dalla da kuma gudu

Tashi a cikin sarari na tsawon shekaru goma bayan da ƙaddamar da farko da tauraron dan adam sun zama haka m cewa da talakawan mutum a titi a bãyansu kallon ba sosai a hankali. A Duniya kewayewa kullum juya daruruwan na'urorin don daban-daban dalilai. A tauraron dan adam samar da sadarwa, kula, kewayawa, suna amfani domin gudanar da bincike, da kuma zama a matsayin saba trappings na zamani a rayuwar, kamar cell phones, Laser masu karatu, ko inji mai kwakwalwa, wanda qarnonin iya kawai mafarki cikinka.

Amma da wucin gadi sarari abubuwa da ake buƙata don nuni da ake so madawwama biyu, kuma shi ne a cikin wannan kasuwanci kamar yadda ya fi na kowa sufuri da sabis fassara autoenterprises, kamfanonin jiragen sama, shipping kamfanonin tafi Railways. Rasha - duniya jagora a cikin bayarwa na tauraron dan adam a kusa-Duniya sarari. Space roka "Angara", a fili, zai zama da babban kayan aiki ga aiki.

Game da centrifugal karfi

Bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, Rasha ne da bin doka hana ta babban cosmodrome, Baikonur ne a cikin yankin da kuma ya zama wani Kazakh. Don amfani da shi, ba shakka, zai yiwu, amma ga cewa kana bukatar ka yanzu biya, da kuma quite 'yan. A dalilan da ya sa ƙaddamar gammaye na farko Soviet kumbon sama jannati da aka gina a kudancin kasar, da sauki. A kusa da ekweita na cosmodrome, da girma da centrifugal karfi lalacewa ta hanyar juyawa na duniya a kan ta axis. Haka kuma, da karfi na nauyi cin nasara da makami mai linzami sauki shi na bukatar kasa da man fetur (sauran misalai: kabido Canaveral Guinea). Rasha ta dogara a kan} asashen waje, ko da sosai m, ne a ke so. Cosmodrome "Plesetsk" da "Gabas" - wannan sabon jefa gammaye daga wanda aka sa ran a nan gaba a gudanar da wani jefa. "Angara", wani sabon ƙarni na m roka, ya zama iko isa ya sanya a cikin sarari guda kasuwanci kaya a latitudes arewa na Baikonur.

CB aiki

A kwararru Khrunichev. M. V. Hrunicheva da kuma aiki tare da hadin su CB ( "Energy", ofishin mai suna V. P. Makeeva, "Energomash" da sauransu.) An kallafa don ƙirƙirar wani hadadden, da damar taqin bakan baya amfani dako. Wadannan sun hada da kerarre a Ukraine "proton", "Cyclone" da "Zenit-2". Dukan waɗannan samfurori da sarari fasahar da aka maye gurbin roka "Angara". Fasaha halaye na daban-daban na kafofin watsa labarai suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin kauri da nauyi da dangi zuwa kewayewa. Domin cimma universality, bukatar wani sabon na ra'ayi m.

Da farko , mataimakin Darakta Janar na SPC su. Khrunichev AA Medvedev a lokacin da yake aiki a kan aikin doctorate. Daga baya, ya jagoranci zane tawagar.

A ire zane

Soviet kafofin watsa labarai daga farkon gina a kan ire manufa. A cikin "Vostok" injuna da aka sanya a cikin hudu kunshe-kewaye ƙwanso da makamai masu linzami. aiki da aka ba kawai don ƙirƙirar wani iko sosai a tsarin iya shari nauyi kaya a cikin sarari guda kafin designers Jihar Space Khrunichev Research and Production Center. Suna da tsara wani iyali na motocin na daban-daban capacities ya sadar a kusa-Duniya sarari abubuwa tare da daban-daban talakawa. Saboda haka akwai jerin "Angara".

Booster hada a ta zane a duniya module a embodiments "rumfar ajiye jiragen sama 1.1" da "1.2 Angar". Uku ko biyar hankali halitta mafi girma iya aiki domin m azuzuwan "Angara-A3" da "Angara-A5". Wannan akida ba da tsarin sassauci kuma qara kasuwanci yuwuwar na Rasha sarari hukumar, suna da 'yancin zama m m da kuma kauce wa ba dole ba ta halin kaka.

Akwai wani yana kokarin muhimmanci bambancin da kuma amfani, wanda aka halin "Angara" - kara amfani gaba daya gina a Rasha kuma ya zo na musamman m raka'a da majalisai. Recent events kwatanta da tattalin arziki da samun riba daga cosmic da fasaha da mulkin Rasha Federation.

bayanan fasaha

Babban index - nauyi, wanda za a iya sa a cikin sarari guda a roka "Angara". Fasaha halaye dogara ne a kan yawan hada a zane na duniya kayayyaki. A mafi yawan iko version na m (jerin A-7, bisa ga yawan PA) a total nauyi na kan 1100 ton dangi ne 35 ton. Wannan shi ne game da yadda da yawa kamar yadda ya iya tada "proton-M", fara daga Baikonur. A tsakiyar aji ne version na A-3, zai iya kawo har zuwa 14.6 tons, yayin da ya weighs 481 ton. A karshe, cikin lightest roka - "Angara", da halaye na wanda dace da ba sosai ƙato da kuma m abubuwa, wanda sau da yawa bukatar nuna a sarari (3.8 ton).

Bugu da kari ga sassauci na sanyi, akwai wani muhimmanci factor cewa qara gasa na Rasha kasuwanci nazarin sararin samaniya. A ire zane da ke sa shi sauki da kuma araha bayarwa na kafofin watsa labarai da jefa shafin. Roka zai iya kawo har ma da dogo disassembled.

muhalli al'amurran da suka shafi

A amfani heptyl kamar yadda makãmashin nauyi motocin a tare da tare da sosai guba oxidants halitta da hatsarin muhalli samu daga yankin a cikin hali na wani hatsari ko wasu gaggawa yanayi. Dalili na kowane duniya roka naúrar, wanda ya kunshi m "Angar" RD-191 ne engine aiki a kan kananzir RG-1. A oxidizing wakili ne liquefied oxygen, wanda muhimmanci ƙara da aminci daga cikin tsarin da kuma rage cutarwa effects a kan muhalli. A cikinsu kowane duniya module 212,6 ake generated dirka.

zane

Na ra'ayi zane da aka amince da Yu. N. Koptevym, shugaban Rosaviakosmos, da kuma amince da Ma'aikatar Tsaro, a cikin wanda iko ya hada da ayyukan da KB. The aikin tafi shekaru goma, kamar yadda sakamakon da samfur da aka gwada. A 2008, da wuta gwaji kenan makami mai linzami module a kan Chemical Engineering (FSE "SIC RCP"). Sa'an nan, a shekarar 2009, ya wuce abin da ake kira "sanyi gwajin" cak kuma benci na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tsarin, man raka'a tare da man fetur da aka gyara. A karshe, wani m review na duk nodes URM "Angara" ya faru a 2010. Booster aka ayyana aiki. Msa da gwajin duk jama'a majalisai da kuma tsarin. Yanzu a kan mataki sun gudu gwaje-gwaje.

A farko ƙoƙari fara

Abin da zai iya zama daidai lissafin, da kuma yadda aka mai nasara jefa zai ba nasarar shige ƙasa, kuma benci gwaje-gwaje, da babban shaidar wani wasan kwaikwayon sarari fasaha. Yana aka shirya cewa Yuni 27, 2014 daga Plesetsk cosmodrome kaddamar "Angara". Booster ya ba tare da kai kewayewa tada mataki na biyu tare da wani model cewa simulates da dangi a kan wani ballistic yanayin cin nasara da 5.7 dubu. Km da kuma fada a cikin wani da aka ba yankin na Kamchatka (da Kura gwajin site). Wannan cewa rana ba ya faru. Domin game da minti goma sha biyar kafin fara da sarrafa kansa monitoring tsarin samar da bayanai game da matsalar aiki na samfur na man fetur tsarin, da aka bayyana a cikin matsin digo a cikin damper oxidant. Prelaunch Countdown lokaci da aka tsaya. Zai yiwu da shugaban kasar Rasha da kuma kau da saboda wannan gazawar, amma, a fili, ya yi farin ciki da cewa mai kaifin tsarin hana mai yawa ya fi girma bala'i.

al'ada jirgin

Fuel leaked, da roka ya kashe daga jefa kushin, da hõre cikakken rajistan shiga a kan dukkan tsarin taro da gwajin hadaddun. Sai da na ɗauki tsawon fiye da sa ran, don haka farkon aka koma a sake. A karshe, shi ya faru, shi ya faru Yuli 9. Jirgin da aka shirya a al'ada mode. Bayan 43 seconds na 4th minti daya bayan jefa m tafi da kuma fadi a cikin Pechora Sea mataki na farko. A mataki na biyu da ya fara engine sake bayan 2 seconds, 8 da minti ya yi aiki. 11 sec. Sake saitin fairing faru 10 seconds bayan na farko da mataki rabuwa. A general, kome ya tafi da kyau ga wani ba jerin zane. A duka jirgin zuwa Kamchatka dauki minti 21.

A nan gaba na "Angara"

Don kwanan farawa kasance biyu, dukansu biyu kuma sun yi nasara. A lokacin da na biyu a kan geostationary kewayewa da aka kaddamar biyu-ton layout, wanda shi ne sa'an nan batun ambaliyar ruwa a teku. A lokuta biyu, a gyara da aka yi amfani da mafi sauki, da bukatar ceto a cikin kusa-Duniya sarari 35 ton tukuna, ko da yake roka "Angara" Bayani dalla-dalla A-7 yarda.

Yana yiwuwa cewa bayan shawo kan tattalin arziki na duniya rikicin, kasa da kasa hadin gwiwa a sarari zai kai wani sabon mataki na ci gaba, za a yi sabon ISS, ko da wani tunani na interplanetary jirgin. A karshen harka, mafi m kafofin watsa labarai za su zama da kai, wadda za ta dauki cikin sarari guda wata babbar sararin a sassa na taro.

A halin yanzu, aikin ne underway a kan takardar shaida "zubarwa" for manned gabatar da.