Mene ne mai samarwa a cikin yanayin halitta?

Mene ne tsarin halitta? Wannan shi ne hadin kai na dukan rayuwa da yanayi. Tsarin halittu ya wanzu gaba daya, duk abin da ke haɗuwa. A cikin wannan labarin, muna la'akari da dangantakar abinci, wato abin da masu samar da kayayyaki, masu amfani, da maƙaryata.

Yankin haɗin abinci

Bari mu fara da manufar biogeocenosis. Wannan shine dangantaka tsakanin nau'o'in kwayoyin halitta da yanayin da ke kewaye. Saboda haka, a kowace biogeocenosis akwai alamun hudu:

• Abiotic dalilai. Wadannan dukkanin bayyanai ne na yanayin marasa rayuwa, wanda a wata hanya ko kuma ta shafi kwayoyin halitta. Haske, zazzabi da sauransu zai iya zama misali.
• Masu samarda. Mene ne mai samarwa? Wannan shi ne babban shuka. Sun hada kwayoyin halitta daga wadanda ba su da kyau, wasu kwayoyin suna cikin wannan rukuni.
• Masu amfani (ko a wata hanya - masu amfani). Wadannan kwayoyin ne wadanda suke cin abincin da masu samarwa suka samar.
• Rage (waɗannan sune fungi, protozoa, multicellular, kwayoyin). Sun maimaita matattu gudanar da mahadi don inorganic.

Mene ne mai samarwa?

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, wadannan kwayoyin ne wadanda ke aiwatar da magunguna maras amfani a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Menene masu samar da ilmin halitta da kuma wane wuri ne suke zama? Bari mu fara da cewa shi autotrophs, kore shuke-shuke. Mene ne mai samarda a cikin sarkar abinci? Wannan shine farkon hanyar haɗi, duk abin fara tare da shi. Abin da abinci sarkar ka iya zo da shi, shi ko da yaushe yana farawa da shuka.

Tsarin halittu na kandami

Ka yi la'akari da yanayin kudancin kudancin, wanda shine bangaren kwayoyin halitta. Mene ne mai samar da wannan yanayin? A nan ne algae ke taka rawar su, manyan tsire-tsire da furen kasa. Tare da yawancin wadannan kwayoyin, ruwa ya sami tinge kore.

Har ila yau, ware masu amfani da firamare da sakandare. Na farko sun hada da kwayoyin da suke ci da tsire-tsire da ragowar su, wannan ya hada da masu cin nama wanda ke ciyar da masu cin abinci na farko, ko juna.

Masu zama na uku na wannan yanki sun kasance masu sarrafawa, suna zaune a ko'ina, amma ana lura da ɓoye na musamman a kasa, inda kwayoyin da ke mutuwa suke da yawa, abin da suke aiki a ciki.

Laboratory Lafiya

Masana kimiyya sun kirkiro yankuna masu kyan gani na musamman domin manufar nazari akan cikakken abubuwan da suka faru. Tabbas, akwai isasshen bioecosystems, amma suna da yawa kuma bazai yiwu a cikakken nazarin kome ba. Misali na irin wannan dakin gwaje-gwajen tsarin shi ne aquarium.

Misalan sarkar abinci

Duk abin da muke ɗaukar muhalli (na halitta ko dakin gwaje-gwaje), yana da yiwuwar shirya jerin kayan abinci. Don ƙirƙirar da kyau, kana buƙatar ka san cewa yana da haruffa uku zuwa biyar. Alal misali, abincin abinci na farko na abubuwa uku: kabeji - zomo - mutum. Ko wata sarƙaƙƙiya mai haɗari: tsirrai - kwari - frog - gaggafa. Irin waɗannan misalai zasu iya ƙirƙirar taro.

Misalai da aka gabatar a sama ba kawai ba ne. Wadannan alamu ne na sarƙoƙi maras amfani, amma akwai wasu sassan da bazuwa suke farawa da kwayoyin mutuwa da kuma ƙare a kananan dabbobi.

Tsarin abubuwa

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, duk abin da yake a cikin yanayin abu ne na dabi'a kuma duk abin haɗi ne. Idan muka yi nazari sosai a cikin dukkanin matakai, mun lura cewa akwai wata maƙiraya mai banƙyama, wanda ba zai yiwu a karya ba. Ga misali: masu samar da abubuwa daga cikin kwayoyin halitta sun hada da kwayoyin halitta tare da taimakon makamashin hasken rana (saboda haka hasken rana ya canza cikin makamashi na mahadar hade). Wadannan kwayoyin halitta sune wajibi ne don kwayoyin cututtuka a yayin da ake janyewa, wanda ya haifar da samuwar mahaukaciyar inorganic da sauransu.

A duniyar, duk abin abu ne na halitta, wanzuwar duniyarmu ba zai yiwu ba idan wani abu ya ɓace. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba ta ɓace ba tare da wata alama ba, ta wuce cikin wasu jihohi.