Franz Lefort: a takaice biography

Petrine lokaci na Rasha tarihi ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi m, a mataki na m canje-canje da suka damu da dukan hanyar rayuwa na sararin kasa. The matasa sarki, duk da da ikon da ƙarfin hali, daga farkon sarautar bukatar taimako da kuma shawara a zabar shugabanci, hanyoyi da kayayyakin aiki, don su canji. Ya samu magoya baya daga 'yan'uwanmu wanda gane da bukatar canji, kuma daga kasashen waje, salon da kuma hanyar tunani wanda ya gani wasu daga cikin sabon fasali na kasa, wanda ya gina. Franz Lefort ya kasance daya daga cikin masu aminci sahabbai Petra Velikogo, to mafi kyau na aminci bauta wa sarki, da wani sabon gida.

Iyali na fatake

Kakannin Peter admiral zo daga Piedmont - lardin arewacin Italiya. Su larabci ba, na farko kara kamar Lefortti, sa'an nan, bayan da suka koma zuwa Switzerland, aka canza a Faransa style - Le Fort.

Babban zama, ya zo da kyakkyãwan samun kudin shiga Lefort ya chandlery (iyali sunadarai: varnishes, Paints, sabulu) ciniki. Merchant aiki jira, da kuma Francois, wanda aka haifa a 1656 a Geneva, kuma tsohon ƙarami da 'ya'ya maza bakwai Yakoba Le Fort. A nema mahaifinsa Frants Lefort bayan Geneva Collegium (makarantar sakandare) a cikin 1670 ya tafi Marseilles su koyi da cinikayya kasuwanci.

Haife ga ayyukansu

A tsayi, kyau, jiki karfi, agile da sauri-witted, gaisuwa da kuma mai kuzari saurayi iya ganin su a nan gaba rayuwa kamar yadda tsaye a bayan da kanta ko zaune a wani tebur. Franz Lefort, wanda biography ya zama maimaitawa na m hanyar rayuwar mahaifinsa da kuma uwansa, ya gudu daga wani m, tsara don ya koya masa kayan yau da kullum na kasuwanci, a sansanin Marseilles, inda ya shiga aikin soja a matsayin ɗan jam'iyyar kadet.

Mãsu fusãtarwa ne da willfulness ɗanta, ta Yakubu Lefort bukaci da dawowar ya dan mayar da gida. M Calvinist tarbiyyar ba da damar Franz saba wa shugaban na iyali, kuma da ya dawo a birnin Geneva, ya har yanzu ke aiki a cikin shagon.

Sai da na ɗauki game da shekaru uku kafin Franz samu daga ubansa da iyali izni don zuwa aikin soja na Duke na Courland. A marigayi rani na 1675 ya na tafiya daga Geneva ya dauki bangare a cikin fama da gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na Franco-Dutch War.

A bisa gayyatar da Rasha Tsar

Turai yaƙe-yaƙe na wancan lokacin sun yawanci "sojojin haya" sojojin, bisa gayyatar da yawa shugabannin kananan mallakar gwamnati abokai. "Soja na Fortune» XVII karni da kuma zama Franz Lefort. Taqaitaccen Tarihin wadannan soja masana sau da yawa ne jerin tafiya a search na mafi rayuwa.

Tattaunawar zaman lafiya ya fara a Holland. Disinherited bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, Lefort yarda da gayyatar da Dutch Lieutenant Colonel Van Frostena, tara a tawagar a bisa gayyatar da Rasha Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, kuma a karshen 1675, shi ne a Arkhangelsk, da kuma na gaba shekara - a Moscow.

Jamus yarjejeniya

Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich da lokaci da ya mutu, da kursiyin kuma akwai dansa - Fyodor. Shekaru uku shũɗe a gabãninku, Lefort aka karɓa don aikin soja da daraja na kyaftin. A wannan lokaci, ya zaunar da a cikin babban birnin kasar na Muscovy, zaunar da su a Jamus Quarter, sanya abokai tare da Turawa, wanda ya rayu a Moscow na dogon lokaci. Daya daga cikin wadanda suke son su koyi harsuna, kokarin fahimtar gida kwastan, kuma ya kasance Franz Lefort. Kasa dan hanya mazaunan yarjejeniya da aka bambanta. Musamman tsari na Franz dadin daga Scotsman Patrick Gordon, Bitrus gaba general. Ya ko da gudanar aure da 'yar baƙi daga Ingila Laftanar Kanar Sug - Elizabeth.

A karshen 1678 Lefort (France Ya - kamar yadda ya zama sananne a Muscovy) ya aka nada shugaban kamfanin, memba na Kyiv sansanin, umarta ta Gordon. Domin shekaru biyu ya na da sabis kuma sojojin a Kiev, ya dauki bangare a cikin kamfen a kan Crimean mutane. Lefort dadin da wuri daga Prince Vasily Golitsyn, sanannen pro-Western sentiments.

A 1681 Lefort aka saki a gida iznin. A Geneva, da iyali kokarin lallashe shi ba to komawa zuwa dabbanci kasar, da kuma ci gaba da bauta a Turai. Amma Francois, ta amsawa da kyau zuwa Moscow, koma zuwa Jamus shiri.

Crimean kamfen

Bayan ya sake Moscow ya samu wani canji a cikin Kremlin. Bayan rasuwar Tsar Fedor a mulkin da aka lashe shi da 'yan'uwa Ivan da Bitrus, a karkashin regency na' yar'uwarsu - imperious kuma m Sophia. Prince Golitsyn ya ta fi so, da kuma karfafa ikon Sarauniyar gudanar biyu kamfen a kan Crimean Turks. Duka yaƙi kasance m saboda matalauta shiri, amma Lefort, rabuwa kunsa kwamandan a manyan, ya tabbatar da kansa a m jami'in, kuma nan da nan aka ciyar da su kanar.

Ga wasu masana tarihi shi ne ya yi ĩmãni da cewa gazawar da na biyu Crimean yaƙin neman zaɓe (shekarar 1689) an yi karin gishiri, kamar yadda zai iya zama, amma nan da nan bayan da ikon Sophia karshe ya kwanta: a Moscow ya miƙe tsaye cikin sabon sarki - Petr.

Peter rapprochement

Shiny Turai, mai kaifin baki da kuma m, ilimi da kuma gwani jami'in Franz Lefort zarar ya zama ba makawa ga matasa abokin sarki. Ya Peter iya samun amsoshin tambayoyi da yawa da kuma jihar tsarin, da kuma shirye-shiryen da wani ingantaccen sojoji, da kuma a kan kyautata rayuwa a cikin Turai iri.

Saboda kafa haši da Geneva, Franz fara a request na wata sarauta rayayye gayyace zuwa Muscovy na injiniyoyi, shipbuilders, gunsmiths da sauran kwararru daga ko'ina Turai, a cikin abin da Bitrus ya ji wani gagarumin hasara.

House Lefort a Jamus Quarter kasance daya daga cikin mafi kyau da ado da kuma al'umma da kuma ya kasance ya fi dace wurin sadu kamar shiryayye mutane da yawa da kamfanoni, wanda Bitrus ya taru a kusa da shi. Ya ware fitar da kudi ga na'ura a gidan Lefort babban zauren, inda matasa Sarkin iya kau da kai daga masu ra'ayin mazan jiya yanayi na Kremlin da suke ciyarwa lokaci a Turai hanya.

A lokaci na haihuwar wani mataimaki a cikin 1690, a Moscow da aka sanar da yawa dl ciki da'irar Bitrus. Ba aka saba shukawa da kuma Lefort. Franz Yakovlevich zama Major General.

Lefortovo Sloboda

A request na Lefort, wanda ya nemi don ƙirƙirar a Moscow a yau da kullum da sojoji, a kan hagu banki na Yauza ware sarari ga wani sansanin soja. Akwai aka shirya a manyan farati ƙasa, wanda ya shirya wani m rawar soja da kuma na dabara horo, gina barikin da gidaje ga jami'an. A hankali a can aka kafa a birane yankin, yanzu qazanta da sunan Lefortovo.

Major General Lefort tare da babban makamashi niyya ya shirya wani sabon nau'in Rasha sojojin. Shirya wasan kwaikwayon na wajibi a kan Turai model, sai ya nemi da m kiyaye da horo da kuma high ihisani akan sojoji da sanda. A lokacin horar - "m tafiye-tafiye" - ya nuna sirri ƙarfin hali, daya ya dan kadan da suka ji rauni.

Tafiye-tafiye zuwa Azov

A 1695 da kuma 1696 da soja kamfen a kudu, wanda ya manufar sami damar amfani da Black Sea da kuma Turkiyya barazana tarewa da kudancin kan iyakar Rasha da aka yi. Franz Lefort da Bitrus 1 a lokacin da wadannan kamfanonin sun a akai da kuma kusa da hadin gwiwa. A storming na sansanin soja na Azov Lefort yana cikin sahun gaba na kai hare hare da kuma ko da kaina kama da makiya flag.

A lokacin da shiri na biyu lokaci na kudancin yaki Lefort ya zama Admiral na rundunar motoci. Peter a wannan ganawa bai zo ba daga fice flotovodcheskih Franz basira ya bai mallaka. Ya kasance matu a cikin aikin ne mai muhimmanci, makamashi, da hankali, kirki Lefort, ya na sirri ibada zuwa ga Sarkin sarakuna. Suna da ake bukata domin gina jiragen ruwa don matasa Rasha rundunar motoci, ga horo na crews. A karo na biyu yakin Lefort aka nada kwamandan sojin ruwa dakarun.

babban ofishin jakadancin

A cikin bazara na 1697 a birnin Moscow na diplomasiyya manufa na 250 jama'a suka tafi zuwa Turai. Shugaban tawagar ya Lefort, Peter halarci matsayin mai zaman kansa mutum. Dalilin da "Great Ofishin Jakadancin" ya cimma jam'iyya tare da kasashen Turai kan Turkish Empire, da kuma matasa monarch nema ya gamsar da kansa son sani game da Turai hanyar rayuwa, sabon soja da farar hula, fasahar.

A lokacin Turai yawon shakatawa, Lefort shi ne shugaban aikin hukuma na ofishin jakadancin. Ya jagoranci aiki diplomasiyya tattaunawa, ya shirya receptions, corresponded da Turai 'yan siyasa, sun yi magana da su ke so su shiga cikin Rasha sabis. Ya raba tare da sarki kawai domin lokacin kiranka na zaman a Ingila.

A lokacin rani na 1698 daga Mosca samu wani sako game da wannan yunkuri musketeers cewa sanya Peter da sahabbansa, su dawo nan da nan a kasar Rasha.

babban rashi ne

A ya dawo zuwa babban birnin Lefort bisa ga sarki ya halarci a cikin gwaji na 'yan tawayen maharba, yayin da a can ne dalĩlin rashin amincewa da gudanar da kisan kare-dangi, su shiga a wanda ya flatly ƙi.

Sauti mai tafiya zuwa Turai a kan Yauza aka gina domin Lefort ta m fada, aka ba shi da Bitrus. Amma da admiral yi kawai don bikin gagarumar housewarming. A marigayi Fabrairu, kiwon lafiya cikin hanzari rincabewa. Ya dogon-azaba sakamakon wata fall daga wani doki da cewa ya faru da shi a lokacin da Azov yaƙin neman zaɓe. A karshen Fabrairu 1699 ya na da sanyi, marasa lafiya tare da zazzabi da kuma 2 Maris na wannan shekara, ya rasu.

Shi ne mai babbar asara ga Czar Bitrus. Ya ce abin da ya rasa a gaskiya aboki, daya daga cikin mafi aminci sahabbansa, wanda yanzu musamman da ake bukata.

Gaskiya abokai, kazalika da m abokan adawar, kuma yana da Lefort. Franz Yakovlevich, a takaice biography wanda yake kama da mãkirci na kasada labari, wasu sun kira wani kwarjinin, wasu - kona ƙiyayya. Mafi m, ya kasance da babban Mafarin na Petrine ya gyara, ga alama wani ɓangare na masana tarihi. Amma yin shi kawai gay abokin sarki, kamar yadda wasu da'awar, ma, shi ne warai m. Kafin mu - a mai haske rayuwar mutum, tare da kowane fiber zuciyata ina so ci gaba zuwa ƙasar, wanda ya zama na biyu gida.