Dzheyms Uatt - da kirkiro na tururi engine

Dzheyms Uatt shi ne wanda aikin ya culmination a cikin juyin juya halin masana'antu a Ingila da kuma duniya. Engineer da kuma kirkiro na Scotland tsunduma a inganta da Newcomen inji, haddasa ta engine ƙirƙira Multi-manufa.

farkon shekaru

Dzheyms Uatt aka haife shi a iyali na gini, daga jirgi da mahaliccin da daban-daban sunadaran da James. Uwarsa, Agnes, shi ne wakilin wani m iyali, a lokaci daya ta samu wani kyakkyawan ilimi.

Don haske nan gaba kirkiro bayyana 19.01.1736, yaron da aka haife sosai raɗaɗi ne, don haka da farko ilimi samu a gida daga iyayensu. The yaro ba zai iya wasa da takwarorina saboda matalauta kiwon lafiya, don haka da girma da ya lokaci aka kashe a kai-ilimi.

Kamar yadda wani matashi, ya fi so batutuwa sun sunadarai da ilmin taurari. Ya kuma ƙaunar yin model da sunadaran cewa halitta da mahaifinsa.

Bayan kai da shekaru makarantar firamare digiri na biyu James shiga dakin motsa jiki. Ya nuna babban rabo mai girma a cikin ilmin lissafi. Yaron son karanta da kuma mai yawa da shi, ya nema ya tabbatar a yi.

A cikin shekaru goma sha takwas da saurayi rasa mahaifiyarsa. Wannan aka nuna a cikin kiwon lafiya da kuma harkokin mahaifinsa, don haka James ya kula da kansu. Saurayi a shekara koma daga Scotland a London don koyi sana'a, wanda aka alaka da ma'auni kida. M horo da aka gudanar na shekara bakwai, amma kudi daga James shi ne kawai isa ga shekara guda. Ya fara karatu tare da samar da shugabanni da kuma compasses. Ba da da ewa, matasa dalibi zai iya samar da quadrants geodolity da kuma sauran kayan aikin nagartaccen.

A lokacin shekara, saurayin kusan bai je waje. Duk lokacin da aka aiki: da safe - a kan rundunar, da kuma a cikin maraice - to domin. Saboda haka ya iya ciyar da kansa ba. Bugu da kari, saboda gaskiyar cewa ya ba da aka jera a matsayin hukuma dalibi, a kan titi da aka tilasta ya dauki a cikin sojojin ruwa.

farko aiki

Bayan kammala karatu daga horo, Dzheyms Uatt tare da matalauta kiwon lafiya koma zuwa Scotland. Ya yanke shawarar shirya nasu kasuwanci a Glasgow, wanda ya haifar da kuma gyaran kayayyakin aiki. Amma dole ne ya magance ƙungiyar na sana'a, wanda ya hana shi yin wannan aiki. Dalili kuwa shine, James ya ba m horo. Yana bai taimake cewa shi ne wakilin na kasuwanci a Scotland.

Amma saurayin tsĩrar da harka. A wannan lokaci a cikin University of Glasgow isa jam'iyyar kayayyakin aiki, don yin ilmin taurari. Sun bukaci m da hankali, ciki har da kafuwa. Ta wurin abokai Wyatt samun damar yin aiki. Ya aka nada master na kimiyya kida na ma'aikata. Ya samu damar haifar da kansa bitar.

A makaranta, James ya gana da Joseph Black, suka yi karatu sunadarai. Jagora taimaka masana kimiyya a gaban wasu sinadaran kida da cewa ciyar da bincike kuma sunadarai.

Tare da 1759 Watt abubuwa sun inganta. Wannan aka yuwuwa ta kawance da kasuwa John Craig. Sun shirya aikin a kan samar da kayayyakin aiki daban-daban da kuma toys. Income kirkiro ya da yawa ya karu. Su cinikayya daina bayan shekaru shida daga mutuwa na Craig.

lokaci na firtsi

Newcomen ta tururi engine ya riga ya wanzu ga dama da suka gabata. Mafi sau da yawa da aka yi amfani don yin famfo ruwa. Ba wanda ya ba har ma da kokarin inganta shi. Tun 1759 da ra'ayin da ake ji da tururi Watt zama sha'awar ba, amma yunkuri kasance m.

A 1763, wa uban ya tambayi wakilin Jami'ar Glasgow da wani request don taimaka a gyara daga cikin data kasance layout Newcomen halittar. Watt ya iya ciyar da ita a yawan gwaje-gwajen. Ya ya iya gyara layout da kuma tabbatar da ineffectiveness wannan na'ura. Watt ya sanya wasu inganta a zane, amma ba su isa ba.

Bayan shekaru biyu, Dzheyms Uatt samu daga yadda za ka iya haifar da wani m tururi engine. Ya fara aiwatar da shirin a rayuwa. A 1769 ya bayar da wani lamban kira ga shãfe haske ɗaki don cunkoso. Ya ya iya gina wani aiki model cewa ya yi aiki a kan wannan manufa. Don ƙirƙirar cikakken-size mota, bã ya da wani kudi. Wannan ya taimaka Dzhozef Blek, Dzhon Robak. Matsaloli bai kawo karshen nan, domin ba shi yiwuwa a cimma dole daidaici a cikin yi da Silinda da fistan. Bugu da ƙari, Roebuck zama fatara.

Watt samu wani sabon tallafa wa. Suka zama Mettyu Bolton, wanda ya mallakar wani foundry. Matsala a samar da wani Silinda Dzhon Uilkinson yanke shawarar. A kasuwanci nasarar da sabuwar dabara Watt samu ta hanyar halittar wani hadin gwiwa kamfanin da Mettyu Boltonom, wanda sarrafa for shekara ashirin da biyar da kuma kawo mai girma dũkiya da ya kirkiro.

Watt nemi ba kawai don inganta na'ura Newcomen, yana so ya haifar da wani tsari da a duniya mota. Duk da kokarin da ya jagoranci wani sabon Hanyar a cikin aikin da tururi engine, wanda ya jadadda mallaka a karkashin sunan planetary motsi. Shi ne da wannan hanya ya fara aiki na farko tururi engine da James Watt.

Bayan nasarar da sabon inji fara yawa yunkurin ƙirƙirãwa. A cikin yaki domin suna da naka kasuwanci Watt da kuma Bolton aka tilasta ciyar kudi mai yawa a kan kai kara. A sakamakon haka, sun kasance iya kare hakkinsu.

Ma'ana na da sabuwar dabara

Lamban kira ga engine na James Watt aka rajista a 1769. A cikin daftarin aiki, shi aka ƙaddara cewa marubucin lamban kira ba ƙirƙira wani sabon mota, da kuma tururi engine. Watt bai fahimci yadda muhimmanci a nan gaba zai kasance wani ci gaba.

Muhimmancin da sabuwar dabara kunshi a cewa engine fistan motsa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da tururi. Saboda wannan shi yiwuwa a akai-akai kara da ikon, samar da karin matsin lamba. Yana da aka ba dole ƙara da size. Godiya ga sabuwar dabara, yana yiwuwa ya haifar da da engine, da kuma kadan daga baya jirgin.

fitarwa

Ko a lokacin da rai da mota kirkiro James Watt ya kawo canji, a masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin. Ba mamaki, ya kuma an zabe wakilin tsakanin al'ummomi da dama. Ya ko da ya so don lashe kyautar da lakabi na Baron, amma ya ƙi ta.

Company, wanda aka zabe Watt:

• The Royal Society of Edinburgh.
• Ilimin falsafa Society a Rotterdam.
• M Member na Kwalejin Faransa.
• Lunar Society a Birmingham - wani na kungiyar for Birtaniya haske masana kimiyya.

'yan shekarun nan

Biography of James Watt ya tabbatar da yadda m hali ya kasance. Diversity, na sanin gaske mamaki marubuci Walter Scott, wanda aka kaina matsahi na saba da ya kirkiro.

A cikin shekaru baya Watt aka tsunduma a kansa samar inji cewa iya kwafa sculptural ayyukansa, kamar reliefs, da mutummutumai, da kuma sauran tasoshin.

Ya mutu master 19.08.1819, a tamanin da uku shekara. Aka binne shi a Hendsvorte.

Family da kuma yara

Dzheyms Uatt, da sabuwar dabara ne mai nasara a cikin masana'antun, da aka yi aure sau biyu. Matarsa ta farko, Margaret Miller, ya mutu a 1772 bayan haihuwar da shi su biyar yaro. Amma ga balagagge rayuwa tsira biyu kawai yara, mai suna a matsayin iyayenku, da Yakubu da kuma Margaret.

Biyu matarsa kuwa enn Makgregor a 1777. Yayansu tare mai suna Gregory da Janet.

ban sha'awa gaskiyar

Watt miƙa da za a yi amfani da matsayin ikon naúrar da ake kira "doki ikon". Duk da haka, a cikin 1882 a shirin na Birtaniya Association of Engineers aka yanke shawarar sanya wata naúrar mulki a cikin sunan kirkiro. Tun wannan lokacin, da dabara sanya amfani da Watts. Irin wannan shi ne karo na farko a tarihin fasahar.