Donut Donuts. American Donuts: girke-girke

Donut Donuts - wani classic American zaki kullu kayayyakin, sun dade tun zama bangare na kasar ta pop al'adu. Homer Simpson tare da yardar ci lush Bagels, kazalika da gundura 'yan sanda a kan wajibi da yawa a cikin shahararrun fina-finan. Kuma yanzu suka fara bayyana a cikin gida da sauri abinci da kuma confectionery. Mẽne ne - da American Donuts da kuma yadda za a shirya su a cikin yanayi?

A kadan tarihi

Bari mu fara da wani ban sha'awa sunan. Yana zo daga Turanci kalma kullu - kullu da kuma goro - goro. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a baya American Donuts Donuts ba a cikin nau'i na wani Donut, da kuma a cikin wani nau'i na ball.

A farko ambaci irin sweets kasance a tsakiyar XIX karni, da kuma sanya su zama gudun hijira daga Denmark zuwa Amurka. Ta yi ta sunan - olykoeks - mai waina.

Amma saboda da siffar Amirkawa confection na zaki kullu, soyayyen a wani zurfin fryer, samu wani sunan - goro kullu. Kuma kafin shi ba a dafa shi a man fetur da kuma man alade har sai da zinariya launin ruwan kasa. Ban sha'awa tasa makale da kuma ya sami unprecedented shahararsa. Yau wadannan ya bayyana Donuts? Hoton da ya fi kowa gyaren:

Duk da haka, akwai sauran versions na bayyanar da sunan. Zai iya zama a play a kan kalmomi - da magana kullu kullin - kullin na kullu, ya furta kusan daidai kamar "Donuts" da kuma iya zama wani tunani zuwa wani tsari na wannan sunan form. Ko watakila da kalmar goro - goro, ba nema wa bayyanar, kuma an amfani saboda tsakiyar Donut bad tafasa, kuma ta cika da kwayoyi ko berries, watau cika, wanda ba ya bukatar da hankali zafi magani ...

Wanne form daidai ne?

Kuma wanda-yanki ball, da kuma a cikin wani nau'i na Donut - biyu da guda sunan - Donut Donuts. Na farko wani zaɓi - shi ne tarihi dadadde kuma fairly sauki shirya a gida. Bayan duk, shi wajibi ne don mirgine da kullu a cikin wani karamin goro, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin bakinsa. Wani lokaci an yi shi daga raw saura samu bayan eyelet a Donuts, Bagels - kada ku jefa samfurin.

Na biyu embodiment na gyare-gyaren yana da biyu abũbuwan amfãni. Abu na farko da kowa likes - babu danye tsakãnin Donut tafasa miƙe a kan dukkan bangarorin. Na biyu shi ne mafi muhimmanci ga wadanda suka sayar da sweets. Donut tare da wani rami dace da hygienically nashi a kan sanda da kuma ya sanya shi a kan wani farantin ko a cikin saye kunshin. Wannan tsari za a iya yi a hanyoyi daban-daban:

• nadawa tsiran kullu a cikin wani da'irar.
• squeezing ramuka a cikin ƙãre cake.
• lokaci daya yankan da kullu takardar ciki da kuma m karkara tare da wani musamman kayan aiki;
• ta amfani da m juyawa da workpiece a wadda ta bursts tsakiya da kuma kanta Forms lissafi siffar kira wani torus - bagel.

Donuts Donut iya zama daban-daban da kauri da kuma ƙawa, yisti, ko na al'ada, kazalika da cika. Akwai karin wadanda ba misali siffar, kamar square ko alwatika.

Yadda za a yi ado wuri?

Mafi sau da yawa Donuts Donut rufe confectionery icing. Sa'an nan, da shi aka yi wa ado da powdered sugar, grated kwayoyi, ado sprinkles na daban-daban siffofi da launuka, ƙasa kirfa. Sau da yawa, na sama na mai cike da cakulan ko a canza launin glaze. Tare da shi ya dubi kyau yayyafa kwakwa shavings da shinkafa da bukukuwa. Ratsi ko alamu na fari ko duhu cakulan, kuma appetizing look. Saboda haka za ka iya amince motsa jiki su dafuwa tunanin da kuma gano sabon zaɓuɓɓuka saboda kyau kayan ado.

Simple Donuts Donuts. Girke-girke na dafa a gida

Lalle ne, ka riga da bakin ruwa, don haka, matsa zuwa cikin shirye-shiryen da wannan sabon abu jita-jita kasashen waje. Saboda haka, cikin jerin sinadaran for about 18 Donuts:

• 35 ml na fari vinegar.
• 100 ml na madara.
• 30 g margarine.
• 110 g na sukari.
• 1 kwai.
• ½ h. L. vanillin.
• 280 g na sifted gari.
• ½ h. L. soda.
• 1/4 h. L. gishiri.
• 1 lita na mai ladabi kayan lambu mai.
• 70 g na niƙe sugar.

Yadda za a shirya gida Donuts?

Mix vinegar da madara da kuma bari tsaya da shi ga 'yan mintoci, sai thickened.

A matsakaici-sized kwano ta doke margarine dakin da zazzabi da kuma sukari har sai santsi. Hankali saro a cikin qwai da kuma vanilla. Raraka tare da gari, yin burodi soda da gishiri. A hankali ƙara da shi zuwa ga cakuda da sukari da kuma margarine, yayin da zuba vinegar da madara. Knead da kullu da kuma mirgine shi a kan wani floured plaque zuwa kauri daga 7-8 mm. Idan kana da wani musamman abun yanka domin Donuts, sa'an nan za ku iya zuwa da sauri samar da wata billet. Ga abin da ya kama (photo kasa).

Idan ba - da m da'irar, karɓi ƙoƙon da ciki - Yanke wuyansa na wani kwalban. Bari tsaya game da minti 10 guraben.

A cikin babban zurfi frying kwanon rufi ko saucepan, zafi da man fetur zuwa 190 darajõji (idan babu kitchen ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, ya kamata ka san cewa da man kamata vigorously tafasa). Toya da Donuts to mai santsi zinariya Brown, kar ka manta ka kau da sau daya. Lambatu, dage farawa daga kan takarda tawul din. Pritrusite powdered sugar, alhãli kuwa har yanzu dumi, da kuma bauta nan da nan.

Domin na musamman ƙawa

Kuma yanzu gaya maka yadda za ka yi yisti Donuts Donuts. A girke-girke ne ma quite sauki, amma su suna shirya ƙara kamar yadda gwajin yana bukatar lokaci zuwa tashi har sau biyu.

Sinadaran for 20 guda:

• 100 ml na dumi ruwa (game da 40 - 45 digiri).
• 7 g na bushe yisti .
• 150 ml na dumi madara.
• 55 g margarine.
• 45 g sukari.
• 5 g na gishiri (3/4 tsp ..).
• 1 kwai.
• 415 g na sifted gari.
• 2 lita na mai ladabi kayan lambu mai.
• 1 jakar (2 g) vanillin.
• 105 g na niƙe sugar.

glaze:

• ¾ h. L. sugar.
• 1 tablespoon ruwa.

dafa abinci matakai

Kuma yanzu dubi yadda za a yi yisti Donuts dabbobi:

1. Zuba dumi ruwa a wani karamin tasa, yayyafa a yisti da kuma 1 hour. L. sugar. Bari cakuda tsaya har shi Forms wani mau kirim kumfa a saman - 5 - minti 10. A wannan mataki za ka iya tabbatar da cewa da yisti ne mai kyau, da kuma samar da dace germination.
2. Zuba da madara da kuma margarine a cikin wani karamin saucepan da kuma dafa a kan matsakaici zafi har sai margarine ne melted da kuma madara fara nuna kankanin kumfa a gefuna. Cire cakuda daga zafi.
3. Yayyafa sukari da gishiri a cikin wani kwano, zuba madara da kuma margarine, kuma ta doke da mahautsini a low gudun, kawai ta soke sukari. Cool dan kadan.
4. Add da cakuda daga mataki na farko, da daga, da kwai da kuma gari. Bulala a low gudun har sai m. Sa'an nan a hankali ƙara sauran gari yi taushi kullu.
5. Ci gaba whisking for 2-3 minti. A sakamakon zahiri ya kamata a fara da kiyaye tare da gefuna da kwano.
6. Saka shi a kan wani jirgin yafa masa gari da kuma knead har sai da shi ne m kuma na roba.
7. Shape da kullu a cikin wani ball da wuri a cikin babban greased tasa, ta rufe shi da takarda ga yin burodi. Sanya a cikin wani wuri dumi da tashi. A karshen 1-1.5 hours da kullu ya kamata a karu da sau 2.
8. Sake sa shi a kan jirgin tare da gari da kuma mirgine fita zuwa kauri daga 1-1.5 cm. Yanke Donuts tare da wani abun yanka diamita na 9 cm, ko kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya girke-girke. Bari preform polezhat katin zaɓe daga 40 minutes zuwa awa daya, sai suka sake tashi zuwa zama iska da kuma Fluffy.
9. Zafi mai a wani zurfin fryer (idan ba, sa'an nan a cikin babban saucepan) zuwa 175 digiri.
10. Hankali runtse da Donuts a cikin zafi ruwa, 2 - 3 guda a lokaci da kuma dafa har sai da suka saya da wani haske launi zinariya, ko da yaushe juya sau daya, kawai don dafa for game da 2 da minti.
11. Sanya a kan takarda tawul din cire wuce haddi da man fetur.
12. A cikin wani kwano, Mix 1 tablespoon na dumi ruwa, vanillin da powdered sukari. Aiwatar da wani bakin ciki Layer da glaze a kan dumi Donuts.

Masana'antu samar da Donuts

Hakika, taro samar bukatar wani daban-daban m. Industrial inji for Donuts ƙirƙira wani haure daga Rasha Adolph Levitt a 1920 da kuma sallama da shi da sanannen Duniya ta Fair a Chicago a 1924. Donuts aka tallata shi da "wani dafuwa hit na Century na ci gaba" da kuma tun sa'an nan suka fara bayyana a ko'ina. Ta yaya aiwatar da dafa a yau?

Cikakken atomatik na'ura hada da wani hadawa jam'iyya domin shirya wani kullu, nozzles da kuma bututun ƙarfe don kafa Donut fryer inji invert da Donuts da kuma sanyaya tashar wutar lantarki. Yana iya zama daban-daban masu girma dabam - daga kananan motoci zuwa cafes da kuma irin kek shagunan zuwa manyan masana'antu da kuma shuke-shuke da samar da sweets da pastries. Canje-canje daidai da kuma kudin da kayan aiki. Akwai kuma wani sosai kananan m inji, wanda zai zama da amfani a magoya na jita-jita.

Ta yaya inji don samar da Donuts

Bayan da sinadaran ga kullu an gauraye, musamman bututun ƙarfe extrudes shi daga bututun ƙarfe a cikin wani nau'i na ringlet - al'ada santsi, ko scalloped gefuna, dangane da irin. Billets suna fadowa cikin wani mazubi, daga ruwan mai, da kuma matsawa a kan wani injin mai bel a kan shi. Don da zafi fesa ba warwatse a kusa, da nozzles aka shirya a kananan tsawo sama da jirgin ruwa domin dafa abinci. Halfway inji jũya ruwan wukake Donuts cewa su suna a ko'ina browned a garesu. Sa'an nan suka koma a kan raga don kwantar. Bugu da ƙari, na'urorin za a iya Fitted tare da na'urori kyale su zuba cikin icing a kan samuwa, tsabtace da suka wuce haddi allura shaƙewa da kuma yin wasu zama dole ayyukan samar da dama dadi Donuts.