Daga abin da sauki gudanar da mahadi sun dauki sunadarai? Tsari da kuma kaddarorin ayyuka

Sunadaran taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jikin mutum. Daga abin da suka suna yi, abin da sifa da kaddarorin, karanta labarin.

Janar bayani game da sunadaran da su rarrabuwa

Ma'ana sunadaran gano a cikin karni na sha tara. Masana kimiyya sun bayar da suna don wadannan abubuwa, "proteins", wanda yake nufin "na farko, shugaba." A sunadarai halayen da faruwa a cikin furotin, ne wani muhimmin alama. Su samar da tushen domin samar da sabon Kwayoyin.

Saboda hadaddun tsarin sunadarai na gina jiki da kuma babban yawan ayyuka yi masanin kimiyya ne da wuya sosai don ƙirƙirar guda rarrabuwa. Saboda haka, da ilimi game da sunadaran classified bisa ga dama sharudda:

1. Bisa ga abun da ke ciki na sinadaran abubuwa sunadaran iya zama sauki ko hadaddun. Abin da ya kunshi sauki da hadaddun sunadarai? A tsarin da farko ya hada da kawai amino acid. A hadaddun sunadarai suna kara da cewa su ba da furotin da mahadi.
2. By aiki sunadarai, kwayoyin mahadi, sãɓã wa jũna a cikin da dama azuzuwan:

• Catalytic sunadarai - enzymes cewa tsayar da aiki na cikin hanzari da sinadaran halayen. Ba tare da su sa hannu ba zai yiwu ba tsari kira kira da kuma lalata.

• Kai sunadaran daura hormones, m acid da kuma wasu mahadi kwayoyin da inorganic asalin. Bayan da cewa shigar da jini da ake, ɗaukar zuwa yankin na jiki inda ake bukata. Wadannan sunadarai rayayye safarar abubuwa ta hanyar amfani da nazarin halittu membranes, sugars, lipids, amino acid da kuma ions.
• Sunadaran yi wani goyon bayan aiki. Tare da su sa hannu kafa salon salula kwarangwal. Mafi na kowa ne: collagen, ya yi aikin aiki na a haɗa nama, da kusoshi, kuma gashi keratin, Elastin da sauran jijiyoyin bugun gini Kwayoyin. A hade tare da lipids suka wakilci tsarin tushen membrane.
• A m aiki da sunadarai. Antibodies (immunoglobulins) daura makale a jikin pathogenic microorganisms, sa'an nan neutralize su da tasiri a jikin mutum. Ba tare da hannu na thrombin da fibrinogen shi yiwuwa aiwatar da jini clotting.
• Kullum aiki - gina jiki kula da al'ada aiki da kwayoyin, gabobin, Kwayoyin da duk matakai abin da ke faruwa a cikin jiki.
• Sunadaran ba da tsoka Kwayoyin ikon ji ƙyama, don haka da zirga-zirga motsa. Amfani da tsoka mai amsa sigina sunadaran da kwayoyin Kwayoyin gane da bayanai daga yanayi, kai jitters.

Menene sunadarai?

Wannan macromolecular kwayoyin fili abun da ke ciki. Abin da ya kunshi sunadarai? A su yi hannu da ashirin irin amino acid sharan dagane a jerin samar da wata sarkar na babban tsawon. Kafin gudanar da bincike da furotin da ake kira abu tsuntsaye qwai cewa coagulates lokacin da mai tsanani, da kuma Forms wani insoluble taro na fari.

Daga baya ya samu sunan da yawa abubuwa na shuka ko dabba asalin, da ciwon irin kaddarorin. Number of sunadarai a duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta ne Marinjãyi a kan sauran mahadi. Su bushe nauyi ne fiye da rabin na jimlar gina jiki taro.

Mai yiwuwa, a yanayi akwai up to dubun biliyoyin wadannan mahadi, mutum alƙawura. Ga misali: kwayoyin Escherichia coli ƙunshi dubu uku daban-daban na sunadarai. Domin sunadaran hada da enzymes cewa shiga a cikin sinadaran halayen da faruwa a Kwayoyin.

Gwanon sunadaran

Sunadaran - polymers aperiodic domin. Daga abin da sauki gudanar da mahadi sun dauki sunadarai? Su monomers ne ashirin irin amino acid. Dangane da damar hada a cikin jiki amino acid da muhimmanci da kuma nonessential. A farko suna da ikon da za a hada, da kuma na biyu - ba, fiye da haka, saboda kasancewarsu a cikin jiki saboda da ci abinci.

Daga abin da sauki gudanar da mahadi sun dauki sunadarai? By amino acid abun da ke ciki da kuma rarrabe high-sa m sunadarai. Na farko da kungiyar halin dauke da dukkanin amino acid, da kuma na biyu - da babu wasu daga cikinsu.

Sunadaran dake dauke da amino acid ne kawai ake kira sauki. Idan, a Bugu da kari akan amino acid, akwai sauran gyara - wuya. Suna iya zama karafa, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid.

sauki sunadaran

Daga abin da sauki gudanar da mahadi sun dauki sunadarai? Abun da ke ciki, ga kasa. Sunadaran da ake kira sunadarai. A halayyar Properties ya kasu kashi da wadannan kungiyoyin:

• Albumin - suna da ikon narke a cikin ruwa, coagulate lokacin da mai tsanani, ba precipitate mafita daga daban-daban salts.
• Globulins - ba narke a cikin ruwa, amma kawai a low taro gishiri mafita.

• Histones - sunadarai ne babban hali a cikin nau'i na nucleoprotein. The location of jini leukocytes kuma suna da bukukuwa.
• Protamine - da suka hada da babu sulfur. A karfi na asali Properties bayyana. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na gina jiki - nucleoproteins. Su ne mai arziki a cikin kifi maniyyi.
• Prolamins - readily mai narkewa a cikin barasa. Sun dauke da hatsi. Prolamins gliadin ne wakilin - babban bangare ne na Alkama.
• Scleroproteins suna da ikon ba ta soke. Dauke da m murfin da gawawwakin dabbobi, da kwarangwal da connective nama. Wakilta collagen, keratin, fibroin, Elastin.

Daga abin da sauki gudanar da mahadi sun dauki sunadarai? Sun kunshi daban-daban na amino acid da kuma su gina jiki yana da ashirin.

Mene ne ayyuka da sunadarai?

Organic mahadi (proteins) yi da dama ayyuka:

• Samar da rayuwa da kuma dokokin tafiyar matakai.
• Yi gina jiki bayarwa a cikin jini, wanda ya samar da da zama dole abubuwa duk gabobin.
• Form tsoka zaruruwa.
• Su ne tushen kashi da connective nama.
• Tsara narkewa, makamashi metabolism.
• Sarrafawa genes ayyuka.
• Kare jiki, da inganta rigakafi.

carbohydrates

Wannan kwayoyin fili na halitta asalin, caji da jiki da makamashi. Suna yadada a yanayi. Su gwargwado a tsire-tsire ne da saba'in zuwa tamanin cikin dari na jimlar nauyin daskararru, a dabbobi - biyu kawai. A abun da ke ciki na wani ɓangare na carbohydrate mai carbonyl kungiyar da kuma karamin sashi na hydroxyl. Wadannan mahadi wani bangare ne na Kwayoyin kuma tsokoki a cikin jiki. Mene ne sinadaran mahadi da ake kira carbohydrates? A carbohydrate abun da ke ciki ya hada da oxygen, hydrogen, carbon. Ko da yake Kalam na karshen suna bambanta da su abun ciki na sauran abubuwa, nitrogen, misali.

Carbohydrates - wani samfurin na photosynthesis. Ba tare da su ba zai yiwu ba biosynthesis a tsire-tsire, tun suna da fara abu domin wannan tsari. Carbohydrates, kamar yadda wani aji na Organic mahadi da cewa ya nuna] imbin bambancin. Rawar da suka taka shi ne multifaceted al'amurran.

carbohydrates aiki

Organic mahadi da wadannan ayyuka:

• продукты окисления соединений (глюкоза, гликоген, крахмал) поступают в клетки, заряжая их энергией. Energy - hadawan abu da iskar shaka kayayyakin na mahadi (glucose, glycogen, sitaci) ya shiga cikin sel by caji su makamashi. Aƙalla sittin cikin dari na makamashi cinye an biya diyya kafin carbohydrates, wanda ya samar da da maikacin jini. Energy aka kawota cikin kwakwalwa, inganta ayyukan.
• Roba aiki - sadarwa suna da wani ɓangare na da yawa Tsarin a salon salula matakin, suna dauke da duk Kwayoyin na jiki: nazarin halittu membranes, da wasu gabbansa da Kwayoyin. Tare da su taimako form enzymes da kuma sauran nucleoproteins.
• M aiki - saki gamsai gland hidima don kare ciki ganuwar da yawa daban-daban gabobin da a ke so effects: inji, sunadarai, kwayan. Wannan shi ne cimma ta hanyar wani babban abun ciki na carbohydrates a danko sosai secretions.
• Kullum aiki - carbohydrates tsara motility, tun da amfani da zare da ta m tsarin irritates da mucosa na narkewa kamar fili.
• Specific aiki - carbohydrates ne daban-daban. Tare da wasu daga cikinsu nuna antibodies, jini kungiyar bayani dalla-dalla da aka bayar, shi ya sa gudanar da jijiyar.