Dabbobi masu rarrafe - shi ... halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe. tsoho dabbobi masu rarrafe

The topic wannan labarin - dabbobi masu rarrafe. Nau'in, asalin, habitats, kazalika da wasu sauran abubuwa game da su za a gabatar da shi.

The kalmar "masu rarrafe" ya zo daga Latin lokaci, ma'ana a fassara "grovel", "ja jiki". Yana bi daga yanayin motsi da wakilan wannan aji. Ya kamata a lura, duk da haka, da cewa ba dukkan dabbobi masu rarrafe - suna da dabbobi, wanda ya iya kawai ja jiki. Akwai wasu da suke da kyau Jump, gudu, iyo da kuma ko da tashi da kusan shirin kamar yadda yawo squirrels.

tsoho dabbobi masu rarrafe

Wadannan dabbobi zauna dogon kafin bayyanuwar mutum a duniya. Rayuwa dabbobi masu rarrafe a ƙasa a yau - shi ne kawai kaya (qananan sharan) ne sosai bambancin da kuma arziki a karshe aji. Muna magana ne game da abubuwa masu rarrafe, kai ta fi girma ci gaba a cikin Mesozoic zamanin (kamar 230-67 shekaru miliyan BC. E.). A babbar dama siffofin da aka ƙaddamar da zamanin d dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wasu daga cikin su jinsunan da ake samu a ƙasar. Yana iya a lura tsakanin wadannan manyan predatory Tarbosaurus da giant herbivores brontosauruses. Wasu, kamar ichthyosauri na cikin ruwa. Wasu iya tashi kamar tsuntsaye. A ban mamaki duniya na zamanin d dabbobi masu rarrafe da ba tukuna cikakken gane. Zai yiwu a nan gaba, masana kimiyya za su fuskanci sabon binciken.

A shekarar 1988, a Scotland sun gano ragowar dabbobi masu rarrafe. Masana sun kiyasta cewa 340 da miliyan da suka wuce, wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe rayu. Kuwa, kamar yadda ya juya waje, mafi tsoho na yau sanannun jinsunan burbushin halittu masu rarrafe. su jiki tsawon kasance kawai 20,3 cm.

Asalin tsoho dabbobi masu rarrafe

Daga zamanin d halittar dabba mai kafafuwa samo asali tsoho dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wannan taron ya zama mataki na gaba a cikin shakka daga karbuwa ga rai a ƙasar vertabrate. Yau, halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe rayu tare. Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa in ba haka ba da aka sani da halittar dabba mai kafafuwa da dabbobi masu rarrafe - dabbobi masu rarrafe.

Groups na zamani masu rarrafe

Ga masu rarrafe (zamani) hada da wadannan kungiyoyin.

1. crocodiles. Wadannan su ne manyan dabbobi da yascheroobraznoe jiki. Akwai kawai 23 jinsunan, wanda sun hada da real crocodiles da alligators, caimans da gavials.

2. Klyuvogolovye. Suna wakilta daya kawai jinsunan tuatara kira Sphenodon punctatus. Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe (photo na daya daga cikinsu da aka gabatar a kasa) a cikin bayyanar kama da manyan lizard (har zuwa 75 cm) tare da m jiki, biyar-fingered wata gabar jiki da kuma manyan shugabannin.

3. Scale. Wannan kungiya ne mafi yawa dabbobi masu rarrafe. Yana hada 7600 jinsunan. Wadannan sun hada da, misali, wata lizard - The most rukuni na dabbobi masu rarrafe na yau. Wadannan sun hada da: kadangaru, iguanas, pygopodidae, skinks, Agama, hawainiya. Kadangaru - musamman kungiyar na dabbobi, wanda shi ne yafi arboreal. Don amfani scaly Maciji - legless dabbobi masu rarrafe, kazalika da Amphisbaena - tsutsa-kamar dabba da jiki da kuma wani gajeren wutsiya, kama a bayyanar da shugaban karshen. Amphisbaena maida shi musamman domin yin digging hanyarsa ta rayuwa. Su wuya bayyana a kan surface. Wadannan dabbobi masu rarrafe ciyar mafi rayukansu a karkashin kasa ko a sheƙarsu na tururuwan da tururuwa, wanda ciyar a kan Amphisbaena. Sun yawanci suna da wani wata gabar jiki. Wakilai na ga HALITTAR Bipes, akwai kawai gaban kafafu. Suna iya motsa a ƙasa shanyewar jiki da kuma wutsiya farko. Saboda wannan, suna kuma kira amphisbaenia. "Amphisbaena" da aka fassara daga Girkanci matsayin "motsi a duka kwatance."

4. Wani rukuni - kunkuru. Jikinsu kasa, tarnaƙi, kuma saman bawo kewaye. Carapace hada da na ciki (plastron) da kuma dorsal (carapace) bangarori wanda aka haɗa zuwa wata gada daga kashi ko jijiya cuta. Kunkuru, akwai game da 300 jinsunan.

Tare da dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe suna hade a cikin daya kungiyar na mafi girma vertabrate.

Ina masu rarrafe?

Mafi yawan masu nazarin sasannin hanyar reptlii rayuwa. Su ne mutanen da suke fi son bude shimfidar warmed da rana, ciki har da kusan bã tãre ciyayi waterless hamada. Duk da haka, da yawa kunkuru da kuma crocodiles duk rayuwa a cikin koguna, Lakes ko Marshes. Wasu daga cikin macizai da kunkuru ne ma kullum rayuwa a cikin tekuna.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe fata, da rashin alheri, yanzu amfani ga yi kayayyakin fata. An sosai nuna godiya, da kuma saboda cewa ya sha wahala da yawa wakilan da dabbobi masu rarrafe. Su nan gaba - a hannunmu.

kada habitats

A duk kasashe na yammacin sahara na kowa crocodiles. Yawancin wadannan masu rarrafe - dabbobi da suke zaune a high-ruwa Marshes, tabkuna da koguna. Sun yawanci ciyar mafi yawan rana a cikin ruwa. Crocodiles zo jihar bakin teku shallows da safe da kuma marigayi da rana, domin bask a rana. Domin gishiri da ruwa da aka jure gwada da 'yan na jinsi. Saltwater kada iyon a bude teku da nisa sosai - har zuwa 600 km daga Coast.

habitats tuatara da kadangaru

Tuatara yanzu kiyaye kawai a kan m tun fil azal, dake kusa da New Zealand. Musamman ajiye da aka kafa a nan saboda su.

Kadangaru ake samu kusan a duk faɗin duniya, ban da sanyi zone. Wasu iri duwãtsu tashi zuwa iyakar madawwami snow, misali, a cikin Himalayas - zuwa tsawo na 5.5 km saman teku matakin. Nazarin sasannin rayuwar ne mafi kadangaru.

Duk da haka, wasu daga cikinsu hawa bishiya ko bushes, kamar toad. Wasu iya rayuwa har abada a itatuwa da kuma suke iya gliding jirgin. Agama da geckos cewa rayuwa a cikin kankara iya matsar tare tsaye saman. Har ila yau, wasu kadangaru rayuwa a cikin ƙasa. Sun yawanci suna da wani idanu, da kuma jikinsu elongated. Marine lizard zaune a cikin surf line. Shi yana da kyau ɓullo da ikon iyo. Ta ciyarwa lokaci mai yawa a cikin ruwa, ciyar a kan algae.

Sanaki macizai da kunkuru?

A ko'ina a cikin duniya su ne na kowa da macizai, fãce New Zealand, da iyakacin duniya yankuna da kuma wasu Oceanic tsibiran. All suka iyo da kyau, akwai ko da jinsunan da cewa kusan duk ko duk lokacin da suke ciyarwa a cikin ruwa. Wannan teku macizai. Wutsiyoyinsu ne filafili-dimbin yawa laterally matsa. Saboda da miƙa mulki ga macizai kamar bĩga salon na wasu daga cikinsu ya ragu idanunsa kuma ya bace a karkashin garkuwoyi, kazalika taqaitaccen wutsiyoyi. Yana microhylidae macizai da slepuny.

Ruwa tare da ƙasar tortoises ake samu a kan da yawa daga cikin tsibiran, kazalika a kan dukkan nahiyoyi fãce Antarctica. Very bambancin da wuraren. Yana wurare masu zafi da gandun daji, zafi Hamada, da waɗansu kõguna, da tabkuna da kuma swamps, expanses na teku da kuma bakin teku teku. All rayuwata teku kunkuru da za'ayi a cikin ruwa. Sun tafi a bakin kawai don sa qwai.

The most Maciji

The most Maciji na zamani - wannan ne anaconda (hoton sama) da kuma reticulated pythons. A tsawon suka isa mita 10. A gabashin Colombia misali anaconda da aka samu, musamman a cikin size - 11 m 43 cm Brahmin slepun ne. A karami maciji. ta jiki tsawon ba fiye da 12 cm.

girma crocodiles

The most crocodiles - Saltwater kuma Nile. A tsawon suka isa 7 m. Don 1.2 m da kuma 1.5 m mãtã to namiji ne matsakaicin tsawon na jiki paleosuchus, da karami a tsakanin sauran crocodiles.

Mai manyan da kananan kunkuru

The most na zamani kunkuru yana dauke leatherback teku. Its tsawon iya wuce mita 2. A Birtaniya, a kan tudu, an gano gawar wani namiji a 1988 iri kunkuru, wanda ya dauki a cikin nisa na 2,77 m da wani tsawon - 2,91. Musk kunkuru shi ne mafi karami daga cikin iri daban-daban. A talakawan tsawon na ta carapace ne daidai to 7.6 cm.

girma kadangaru

Daga cikin mafi karami kadangaru suna dauke budurwa sphaerodactylus. Kawai 16 mm ne tsawon jikinsu (ban da wutsiya). Ba tare da wani shakka, da most lizard ne Komodo dragon (ya photo da aka nuna a kasa).

ta jiki tsawon har zuwa uku mita har ma fiye. Zaune a Papua New Guinea langurs saka idanu Salvador kai 4,75 m, a tsawon, amma tare da game da 70% na tsawon na ta wutsiya da dama.

Jiki zafin jiki dabbobi masu rarrafe

Kamar halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, da abubuwa masu rarrafe ba su da wani m yanayin jiki. Su rai aiki saboda haka dogara sun fi mayar a kan yanayi zazzabi. Alal misali, a cikin wani bushe da dumi weather, su ne musamman aiki a wannan lokaci kuma sau da yawa kama da ido. Conversely, a cikin mummunan yanayi da kuma sanyi, suka zama m, kuma da wuya su fito daga wurin kwantonsu. A yanayin zafi kusa da sifili dabbobi masu rarrafe fada cikin catalepsy. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a cikin taiga zone su ne 'yan. Ga su ne, akwai kawai game da 5 jinsin.

Dabbobi masu rarrafe iya sarrafa su jiki zafin jiki, kawai ɓuya daga hypothermia ko zafi fiye da kima. Mai goge, misali, damar dabbobi masu rarrafe su kauce wa sanyi da zafi na rana - dare aiki.

numfashi al'ada

Dabbobi masu rarrafe (photos na wasu daga cikinsu suna gabatar a wannan labarin), da bambanci ga halittar dabba mai kafafuwa numfashi kawai haske. Su sauƙi ajiye jakar tsarin, amma a dabbobi masu rarrafe ne yafi rikitarwa ciki tsarin fiye da na halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Folded saƙar zuma tsarin ne ciki ganuwar da na huhu sacs. Su ne reminiscent na wani saƙar zuma. Wannan muhimmanci ƙara mai kafafu numfashi surface. Ba kamar halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, da abubuwa masu rarrafe numfashin ba allura. Duk da haka, domin mafi yawan su shi ne halayyar numfashin da ake kira "tsotsa" type. Su exhale da sha taba iska ta cikin kafafen hancinsa amfani ƙanƙancewa da kuma fadada daga cikin kirji. Dokar na numfashi da aka yi ta hanyar amfani da ciki da kuma intercostal tsokoki.

Duk da haka, kunkuru hakarkarinsa immobile saboda gaban da harsashi, don haka jinsin na zuwa gare shi, ya ɓullo da wani hanyar samun iska fiye da sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe. Suna kore a cikin huhu ta hanyar hadiya shi, ko yin gaba da kafafu tsotso har da motsi.

haifuwa

Dabbobi masu rarrafe haifa a ƙasar. A lokaci guda sun, sabanin halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, kai tsaye ci gaba, watau ba tare da larval mataki. Dabbobi masu rarrafe yawanci sa manyan gwaiduwa arziki qwai tare da harsashi-da amniotic (kumshe) bawo cewa kare da inji lalacewar da kuma asarar ruwa tãyuna, da kuma samar da iskar gas musayar kuma abinci mai gina jiki. By lokacin Hatching, kai wani babba size, matasa masu rarrafe. Yana yana dada replicas na manya.