Detrital clastic kankara: description, iri da kuma rarrabuwa

Terrigenous jari ne kankara wadda aka kafa a sakamakon tarkace dabba ba a kanta da kuma rarraba - inji particulate ma'adanai karaya a akai mataki na iska, ruwa, kankara, teku igiyar ruwa. A wasu kalmomin, da bazuwar kayayyakin da pre-data kasance dutsen jeri, wanda saboda halakar halartar sinadaran da kuma inji dalilai, sa'an nan sau daya a cikin wannan pool, ya juya a cikin fā. Terigennye kankara asusu na 20% na dukkan sedimentary taru a ƙasa, da wuri daga wanda kuma bambance bambancen, kuma ya kai har zuwa 10 km a zurfin ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi. Kamar wancan ne daban-daban breeds zurfin wuri ne mai factor a kayyade su tsari.

Weathering a matsayin mataki na kafa da clastic kankara

A farko da manyan mataki a cikin samuwar ne clastic kankara, halakarwa. Kamar wancan akwai wani sedimentary abu, sakamakon karaya surface fili a kan wani magmatic kankara na sedimentary da metamorphic asalin. Da farko duwãtsu aka hõre inji tasiri, kamar fatattaka, crushing. Wadannan ne a tsarin sunadarai (canji), a sakamakon wanda kankara matsawa zuwa cikin wasu jihohin.

A weathering abubuwa rabu a kan abun da ke ciki da kuma tafi. A yanayi bar sulfur, aluminum da baƙin ƙarfe - a mafita da kuma colloids, alli, sodium da kuma potassium - a mafita, amma silica ne resistant zuwa rushe, saboda haka kamar yadda ma'adini zama mechanically isar tarkace da kuma sunã gudãna ruwaye.

A mataki na kafa kai a clastic kankara

A mataki na biyu a cikin abin da kafa clastic sedimentary kankara, shi ne don canja wurin kafa ta weathering na m iska sedimentary abu, ruwa ko glaciers. Babban transporter na barbashi ne ruwa. Mamaye makamashin hasken rana, da ruwa evaporates yayin da motsi a cikin yanayi, da kuma da dama a cikin ruwa ko m form uwa ƙasar, kafa wani kogi da cewa kawo abubuwa daban-daban a jihohin (narkar da, colloidal ko m).

Da lambar kuma nauyi na hawa, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa dogara a kan makamashi, gudu da ƙarfi da ruwa mai ɓuɓɓuga. Don haka azumi kõguna hawa yashi, tsakuwa, da kuma wani lokacin pebbles, dakatar da al'amarin, bi da bi, canjawa wuri zuwa lãka barbashi. Glaciers, dutsen kõguna da mudflow girma hawa boulders, girman irin barbashi kai 10 cm.

Sedimentogenesis - a na uku mataki

Sedimentogenesis - shi ne jari na hawa sedimentary tsarin, cikinsa da canjawa wuri barbashi wuce daga m jihar da a tsaye. A wannan yanayin da sinadaran da kuma inji bambantawa kwayoyin halitta. A sakamakon haka, na farko barbashi an rabu, canjawa wuri zuwa mafita ko colloids a cikin pool, dangane substitutions a rage oxidative yanayi da kuma canje-canje a gwargwado na kwari. A sakamakon haka, da inji rabuwa da tarkace bambantawa faruwa da nauyi, har ma da size da kuma Hanyar su sufuri gudun. Saboda haka canjawa wuri barbashi an ajiye gaba ɗaya bayyana, bisa ga tsarin karba-karba na dukan kasa na pool. Saboda haka, misali, boulders, pebbles aka ajiye a cikin bãkunansu da dutsen kõguna da tsaunukan a kan banki ya rage tsakuwa, teku - yashi (kamar yadda yana da lafiya sulusi da murabba'i da ikon tafiya mai nisa, da kuma mamaye yankin da ya fi girma fiye da pebbles) kara biyowa a lafiya silt, lãka sau da yawa precipitated.

A karo na hudu mataki na samuwar - diagenesis

A karo na hudu mataki ne da samuwar clastic kankara mataki, da ake kira diagenesis, wanda shi ne hira da tara hazo a wuya dutse. Ajiye a kasa na pool abu a baya hawa, taurare ko kawai dutsuna. Next, da laka tara a cikin halitta daban-daban da aka gyara wanda ya samar da wani chemically da kuma kuzari m da nonequilibrium sadarwa, don haka da aka gyara fara maida martani tare da juna. Niƙa barbashi barga silicon oxide ma tara a cikin sludge wanda ya wuce a cikin feldspar, kwayoyin precipitates da lafiya lãka cewa Forms raguwa, wanda ya bi da bi, don zurfin 2-3 cm, shi ne m canza oxidative matsakaici surface.

A karshe mataki: fitowan clastic kankara

Domin diagenesis kamata katagenesis - wani tsari a cikinsa akwai wata kafa metamorphic kankara. A sakamakon haka, an kara sedimentation dutse shigarsu lokaci miƙa mulki ga wata babbar zazzabi da kuma matsa lamba. Dogon lokacin da effects irin wannan lokaci da yanayin zafi da kuma matsa lambar ganin na taimaka wa kara da karshe samuwar duwatsu wanda zai iya wuce daga dozin zuwa biliyan daya da shekaru.

A wannan mataki, da zazzabi Jihar 200 digiri Celsius redistribution ma'adanai da kuma taro samuwar sabuwar ma'adinai abubuwa. Saboda haka ne clastic kankara, misalai na abin da suke a kowane kusurwa na duniya.

carbonate kankara

A nasaba clastic da carbonate kankara? Amsar mai sauki. A abun da ke ciki na carbonate sau da yawa ya hada clastic (fragmental da yumɓu) iri-iri. Basic carbonate ma'adanai na sedimentary kankara ne dolomite da calcite. Suna iya zama ko dai dabam, ko ɗaya, kuma su ne rabo ko da yaushe daban-daban. A duk ya dogara a kan lokaci da kuma Hanyar samuwar carbonate sediments. Idan terrigene Layer a cikin dutse ne mafi girma daga 50%, shi ne ba a carbonate, da kuma dangantaka da wannan clastic kankara kamar yadda silts, aggregates, grits ko Sands, Ina nufin clastic iri-iri doped da carbonates, da rabo daga abin da yake har zuwa 5%.

Nau'in clastic kankara a cikin mataki na roundness

Clastic kankara, rarrabuwa dogara ne a kan da dama halaye, ayyana ta da roundness, size da kuma cementation na da wani ɓaɓɓake. Mun fara da mataki na Ƙididdigar. Yana yana da wani kai tsaye dogara a kan taurin, barbashi size da kuma yanayin da kai a cikin samuwar dutse. Ga misali, da barbashi za'ayi a kan m tekuna, da kuma wani honed kusan da ba da kaifafan gefuna. Jinsi, wanda ya asalinsu a sako-sako da, cemented gaba daya. Wannan irin dutse ne m da ciminti abun da ke ciki, yana iya zama wani lãka, opal, glandular, carbonate.

Iri na clastic kankara most tarkace

Har ila yau clastic kankara an ƙaddara da size da tarkace. Dangane da size breeds kasu kashi hudu kungiyoyin. Na farko da kungiyar assigning da wani ɓaɓɓake, wanda size ne mafi girma daga 1 mm. Irin wannan rawa da ake kira manyan-fragmental. Na biyu kungiyar hada da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa, girman wanda yake a cikin kewayon daga 1 mm zuwa 0.1 mm. Wannan m kankara. Na uku kungiyar hada da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa jere a size daga 0.1 zuwa 0.01 mm. Wannan kungiya da aka kira silty kankara. A karshe hudu kungiyar ma'anar argillaceous kankara, tarkace barbashi size dabam daga 0.01 zuwa 0,001 mm.

Nau'in clastic dutse tsarin

Wani rarrabuwa ne bambanci a cikin tsarin clastic Layer, wanda taimaka domin sanin yanayin samuwar dutse. Lebur irin zane characterizes Bugu da kari na m yadudduka na dutse. Sun kunshi wani kasa da kuma saman. Dangane da irin layering za a iya ƙaddara da yanayin da dutsen da aka kafa. Alal misali, jihar bakin teku marine yanayin samar da diagonal layering, teku, da kuma tafkin samar da wata irin tare da layi daya kwanciya, ruwa gudana - giciye-kwanciya.

A yanayi a karkashin abin da kafa clastics, za a iya sanin halaye na surface Layer, Ina nufin ta gaban ripple da alãmarsu, raindrops, fasa ko shrinkage, misali, haruffa daga cikin teku. A porous dutse tsarin da shawara cewa, da tarkace kafa a sakamakon volcanogenic, terrigenous, biogenic ko supergene effects. M tsarin za a iya ƙaddara da daban-daban jinsunan asalin.

Irin dutse abun da ke ciki

Clastic kankara ya kasu kashi polymictic ko polymineral da monomictic ko monomineral. Tsohon, bi da bi, aka ƙaddara da abun da ke ciki na dama ma'adanai, duk da haka aka kira su gauraye. Biyu daya kayyade abun da ke ciki na ma'adinai (ma'adini feldspar ko jinsunan). By polymictic nau'in hada grauvaki (da suka hada da barbashi volcanic ash) da kuma arkose (barbashi kafa ta halakar dutse). Abun da ke ciki clastic kankara a tsare matakai na su samuwar. Kamar yadda kowane mataki, kafa ta rabo a cikin wani rabo abubuwa. Clastic sedimentary kankara a lokacin same iya gaya, a wani lokaci, a cikin abin da hanyoyi akwai wani dabba ba a kanta al'amari a sarari, yadda ake rarraba kan kasa na pool, wanda rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da kuma a abin da mataki sun halarci da samuwar, kazalika da yanayin a cikin abin da aka kafa clastic kankara .