T-55: fasaha bayani dalla-dalla, photos da kuma tarihi na

Soviet tank T-55 shi ne kudi ne samuwa daga 1958 zuwa 1979. Shin magaji zuwa fama abin hawa T-54, amma ta fi gaban shi a hanyoyi masu yawa. A sabon tsarin yana da wani ƙarin iko propulsion (dirka karu da 60 horsepower). Kyautata engine tank T-55 kara maneuverability. Movement gudun kan m ƙasa kuma ya karu.

m zamani

A developers yi wani aiki - da zaran yiwu ya halicci version na tanki tare da high fama iyawa. A wani kara kyautata a cikin gidaje da ƙarin tankuna, sigogi da aka shigar, sa'an nan da yawa ya karu man fetur ajiye. Ammonium babban gun aka karu daga 34 zuwa 43 Shots. Maimakon iska tankuna amfani da lokacin da suka fara da engine, da kwampreso aka shigar. A turret yana da wani sabon abu a lokacin - atomatik sprinkler tsarin "Rosa", wanda yake shi ne a lokacin da wani tsirara harshen wuta nan take samu tushen da wuta, kuma Ya bice directed jet na wuta hearth.

radiation

Amma, mafi muhimmanci kyautata aka shigarwa na nukiliya, tsaro tsarin da wani sa na Geiger counters, kayyade matakin X-haskoki. A yãƙi iya aiki na tanki ba su sha wahala a lokacin harin na radiation juyi, amma ma'aikatan jirgin iya yi hasãrar jiki ikon yi ta ayyuka. Daga wadannan sharudda hasumiya T-55 da aka yi kariya a ciki musamman kayayyaki gubar faranti embodying gamma haskoki.

Anti-jirgin sama, kananan makamai

Kare fama abin hawa bukata a m, ciki har da hare-hare daga daga sama. Duk da haka, a waje na kananan makamai da aka soke a matsayin na yau da kullum anti-aircraft na'ura gun iri DShKM karkashin ƙãra soja jirgin sama gudu m, kuma ya kasance m sifa. Duk da haka, shekaru goma daga baya, lokacin da helikofta gunships, dauke da anti-bam, da bindiga aka mayar da su. Dunƙule inji tashi low, da kuma harba saukar da m ba shi da wuyar.

A kadan tarihi

A cikakken sikelin taro samar da T-55 tankuna da aka tura a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1958 a kare tsire-tsire da lambar 75, yawan 174 da kuma lambar 183. A batun dade har 1979. Just sauko daga na'ura na game da mutum dubu ashirin da motoci. T-55 tank, wanda aka sanya a photo a page, suna yadu fitar dashi. Modern yãƙi inji na Soviet tsirar shirye ya saya duk kasashe na Warsaw yarjejeniya, kazalika da kasashen Larabawa.

Tasiri matsakaici tank T-55, fãce a cikin tarayyar Soviet ya fara yin wasu sauran kasashen m ga Tarayyar Soviet. A batun da aka zauna a Poland, a cikin lokaci daga 1964 zuwa 1978, tattara 1,500 raka'a. A Romania, daga shekarar 1970 zuwa 1977 - 400 fama motocin. A Czechoslovakia, 1700 raka'a aka samar a shuka a Martin, daga shekarar 1964 zuwa 1973 a karkashin lasisi.

T-55: halaye

A tsarin T-55 da yawa a cikin na kowa da ta gada T-54, shi ya gano wani babban matakin daidaituwa na kayayyakin gyara, raka'a da mutum raka'a. Cikin kewayon kayan tsaro ya dade na kowa. A wasu takardu, routings da na'ura zane kaddamarda kamar yadda T-54/55. Wannan simplifies da samar da sabon model, kamar yadda dukan tsari na taro Lines an riga an yi aiki daga.

Ko da mai amfani da manual T-55 tank a kan dukkan abubuwa tabbatar da T-54. Da yawa inganta a cikin sabon model kamar yadda wanzu dabam daga asali sigogi na ayyuka da suka shafi cikin na'ura a kaikaice. Tank T 55 zane wanda an kofe daga asalin lissafin precursor an daidai maimaitawa na T-54.

Kasa ne babban sigogi na asali version na T-55:

• yawan mutane a cikin ƙungiya - 4;
• Warhead nauyi - 36,5 ton.
• tank tsawon tare gun - 9000 mm.
• Kawai jiki tsawon - 6200 mm.
• da tsawo daga cikin layi na ƙyanƙyashe hasumiya - 2218 mm.
• nisa - 3270;
• tafi tsawo - 500 mm.
• rubuta babban kayan aiki - D10T2S / NP.
• bindigogi a sulke turret, daya musayar, a coaxial, irin SGMT, 7,62;
• sa na fama - 43 Shots.
• inji-gun harsasai - 3,500 yadawa na harsasai.
• powerplant - iri B-54, dizal.
• Engine iya aiki - 580 lita. p.;
• bugun kusa da iyakar, - 50 km / hour a kan wani hanya an rufe shi da kwalta.
• kewayon - 480 km.
• takamaiman matsa lamba - 0,81 kg / cm ^2;
• m shawo kan matsalolin - bango ne a tsaye, ga tsawo - 0.8 m. wuriyar nisa - 2.7 mita.
• fording - mita 1.5.
• saukarsa - 30 digiri.
• Girmancin - 32 digiri.

Tank T-55, da halaye na wanda aka ci gaba da inganta, ya kasance mafi bukaci yãƙi inji karshen hamsin a kasashen gabashin Turai.

gyare-gyare

A shekarar 1961, a kan tushen da T-55 da aka halitta da T-62 da ingantattun halaye. A tsarin da aka samar a tare da tare da T-55 har 1983. An sa'an nan zurfin modernization yãƙi abin hawa da aka za'ayi, kuma ta haka, sabon gyare-gyare: 55M-T, T-55AM da kuma T-62M, abin da ya bambanta inganta firepower da kuma wata babbar digiri na tsaro ba tare da asarar motsi. M kariya ya kara reservations, aiki kunshi wani sa na "thrush" tare da biyu rokoki, sauya biyu 107-millimeter bawo kowane, kazalika da manyan-antiaircraft na'ura gun. Bugu da kari ga tara makamai tankuna da aka a haɗe zuwa biyu raba radar tsarin.

Daga baya T-55M fara ba da cikakken hadaddun gudanar 9K116 makamai "Bastion", da kuma T-62M sa "Sheksna" da irin wannan halaye, amma shi ne mafi tsauri a mataki. Wadannan biyu sets suna sanye take da 100-mm rifled ganga da wani 115-mm smoothbore gun. Da farko harbi na ganga - mai shiryar da makami mai linzami 9M117. Halaye multistage dako tare da wani sosai high halaka yadda ya dace. Da makami mai linzami da aka sarrafawa da wani Semi-atomatik Laser shiriya tsarin.

instrumentation

Bugu da ƙari kuma daukan hankali makamai, T-55M sanye take da wani zangon manemin KTD-2 ballistic kwamfuta BV-55, da wani ido-32PV TSHSM stabilizer da M1 "Nasarawa Star". T-62 da aka sanye take da wani ido-41PV TSHSM da ballistics kalkuleta BV-62. Laser rangefinders a duka biyu tankuna rufe da nisa daga 500 zuwa 4000 mita tare da wani daidaito na aunawa har zuwa mita 10.

Ballistic calculators samar atomatik ganewa na kusassari na gani da data gefen gubar a lokacin da harbe-harben manyan bindigogi bawo, amma ba zai iya lissafi da yanayin da shiryar da makami mai linzami jirgin.

Anti-jirgin sama na'ura gun lokacin da harbe-harben a kwance hangen zaman za a iya daure su data ballistic kwamfuta, amma harbi shugabanci zuwa mafi girma har a ƙaddara ta gani kallo.

shortcomings

Manyan zamo anti-aircraft gun saka a kan hasumiya, bayar da ɗari uku da akai-akai na ammonium a cikin bel, bazu a cikin kwalaye. Maharbin umurci cikin sharuddan harbi a kananan bursts, kamar yadda na bakin ciki da kuma dogon ganga gun aka unevenly mai tsanani da dogon queues da kuma maras kyau. Don dattako da yawan zafin jiki a kan makamai saka kadan garkuwa.

booking

Bugu da kari ga data kasance Kariya na tank T-55 duk-lokaci samar aka sabunta hanyoyin sau da yawa cikin sharuddan da riba. Ta ƙarshe lokacin da kara makamai kariya da aka kafa a shekarar 1985. Upper kansu ninninkuwa frontal zanen gado 30 millimeters lokacin farin ciki. The ƙarin makamai located a garesu na embrasure babban kayan aiki, kusa da gangar jikin. A kwana na son ne don auna duk da bawo na abokan gaba, sai dai tarawa, hallakaswa sakamako wanda ba za a iya neutralized.

Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, T-55M tankuna fara ba protivokumulyativnymi roba-masana'anta fuska aka suya a mahara yadudduka a fadin gaban fama abin hawa. A tasiri na wannan kariya ne a kaikaice tabbatar da gwaje-gwaje a cikin shafin. Bawo kora daga nesa na 150 mita, yankan cikin roba "mats", rasa game da talatin bisa dari na da ƙarfi, kuma core yadudduka da makamai zauna ba tare da ta ramukan.

kayan aiki ƙungiya

Tank ci gaba na musamman da hankali ga T-55 da aka bai wa radiation kariya. Manufar - adana mutum rayuwa da kuma kiwon lafiya. All ma'aikatan jirgin suna sanye take da musamman anti-radiation vests, kowane wurin zama ne ma ya rufe up a kan dukkan bangarorin kai kayayyaki a cikin fata nama.

direba ta wurin yanki ne karfafa kasa 20-mm makamai faranti wadda ake welded zuwa kasa. Sai dai itace wani tasiri anti-nawa kariya. A wasu ma'aikatan jirgin suna located a kan Maris a raya mafi amintattu kashi vnutribashennogo sarari.

kaidiNa

Tank T-55, wanda photo da aka sanya a cikin hamada, wani gabatarwar ga ka'idojin na sake kamanni. Armor fama abin hawa, fentin a yashi launi, kyale saje da yanayi. Tank zama indistinguishable ga makiya Kiyayewa, da kuma matukan jirgin iya amfani da wannan don canja wuri, kazalika da wani yunkri hari.

wasu matsayin

Domin masking a Turai wuri mai faɗi da aka yi amfani da sake kamanni, greenish-m canza launi ko raga na wannan launi, ya miƙa sama da maki inda tanki is located. A fama da yanayin amfani da sako wani shurin hayaki, wadda mai yiwuwa ne a kowane lokaci saboda yawan ma'aikata na'urar 902B, located a gefen dama na hasumiyar. A tsarin kunshi takwas fara kututturan emitting hayaki da gurneti zamo kamar 81 mm. hayaki zone damar zuwa boye ba kawai tanki, amma kuma da yawan dakaru raka'a cewa suna da hannu a cikin yaƙin, bayar da ma'aikata da kayan aiki na numfashi. A tasiri irin wannan rawar daji shi ne undeniable.

hayaki zone a lokacin da suka fara hudu zargin gulp ne 120 m da fadi da kuma 8 m high. Kaddamar da wani gurnati zone maida hankali ne akan wani radius na 60 mita a kusa da tanki. Kunna hayaki da gurneti sigina daga m kwamandan na tanki. A tsarin yana daya kawai drawback - a lokacin yaki da recharge hayaki igwa ne ba zai yiwu ba, tun da shi yana bukatar ya bar turret, kuma ku ciyar 'yan mintoci bude makamai, wanda shi ne sosai m a cikin takaddamar da makiya. Amma wasu crews sun gano hanyar fita daga mawuyacin hali. A maharbin ke da makamai a lokacin da ya girma hayaki daga mataki na karshe biyu da gurneti a lokacin da ganuwa ne sifili, kuma recharge da tsarin.

T-72

A 1967 ya fara da ci gaban da taro, babban yaƙi tank da Tarayyar Soviet Armed Forces, wanda aka soma a kan fama wajibi a shekarar 1973, kuma shi ne halin yanzu a cikin sabis a Rasha tank sojojin. A cewar ta halaye da T-72 shi ne ya fi dukan baya gyare-gyare daga category na sulke fama motocin. Ba kamar da tank T-55 daga T72 ne mafi girma firepower na karshen, da sauran tsawon at saba'in da biyu ne 9530 mm da 9000 mm ga T-55. Crew T-72 kunshi kawai uku mambobi, da aikinsu, da tabbatar da m aiki na na'ura, ɗaya rarraba kan uku ba tare da nuna bambanci ga dokoki na fama.

Soviet tank T-55 samfur

Sai dai itace cewa akwai tagwaye a cikin tanki masana'antu. Ko kafin rushewar tarayyar Soviet a Gabas Jamus T-55A an halitta. Yana da kusan cikakken analogue na Soviet T-54/55. Jamus bai kaddamar da ci gaban a cikin samar, kamar yadda ya disadvantageous ga tattalin arziki da dalilai. Bugu da kari, cikin tanki dakarun na gudun hijirar ba bukatar haka da yawa soja motocin, domin wanda kudin sanã'anta manyan-sikelin samar.

Duk da haka, a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ne kusan guda tank samar a cikin babbar yawa, da kuma bayan wasu shawarwari Jamus model, don samar da karfe a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a layi daya da Soviet tankuna. T-55 A Jamus tank na tsakiyar aji, aka tsĩrar a cikin kananan batches a cikin rundunar sojojin gudun hijirar. Fasaha halaye na model kasance mai kyau, da na'ura da aka bambanta da wata hasumiya mai ƙarfi, mai kyau maneuverability kuma takamaimai kayan aiki. Worth tankuna Jamus gefen ne m, tun da aikin dauki la'akari da siyasa bangaren, East Jamus ya a lokacin "kusa aboki" da Tarayyar Soviet.

model

T-55 ne sosai a matsayin wani tushe abu ga kwaikwaiyo a fagen soja da fasaha. Sana'a amfani da siffar da m yãƙi abin hawa ga halittar dada kofe cikakken m ga asali. Kitografiya wani model kamar wata T-54/55, shi ne jerin model aukuwa a cikin sikelin 1:35 tare da karami cikakken bayani. Model T-55 suna dauke da mafi ban sha'awa a cikin masana'antu tsari bayan da Amurka "Sherman".