Tarihi na Azerbaijan daga zamanin da zuwa yanzu

Azerbaijan - a kasar a kudu-maso-gabas na Caucasus. Mutane da yawa muhimmanci da kuma ban sha'awa events faruwa a wadannan kasashe. Kuma da yawa daga cikinsu, za mu iya gaya labarin. Azerbaijan zai bayyana a tarihi hangen zaman gaba, m asirin da ya shige.

location Azerbaijan

A Jamhuriyar Azerbaijan aka located a gabashin Kudu Caucasus. Daga arewa iyakar Azerbaijan yana da wani lamba tare da Rasha Federation. A kudancin kasar kan iyaka da Iran zuwa yamma - da Armenia, a arewa maso yamma - da Georgia. Daga gabas kasar da aka wanke ta cikin tãguwar ruwa na Caspian Sea.

Filaye Azerbaijan ma daidai wakilta duwãtsu, kuma filayen. Wannan hujja ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tarihi ci gaban kasar.

m sau

Da farko koyi game da mafi zamanin da, a cikin abin da ya yale mu mu duba cikin labarin. Azerbaijan da aka zaune tun da asuba mutane. Saboda haka, mafi tsoho abin tunawa daga Nearnderthal zauna a cikin ƙasa Dates baya fiye da miliyan 1.5 da suka wuce.

A mafi muhimmanci shafukan na zamanin d adam samu a Azikh da Tağlar kõgon.

tsoho Azerbaijan

A farko jihar, wanda aka located a kan ƙasa na Azerbaijan ya Manna. Its cibiyar aka located a cikin iyakoki na zamani Iran Azerbaijan.

Sunan "Azerbaijan" fãra daga sunan Atropates - Gwamnan wanda ya fara sarauta a Manna bayan ta ci Farisa. A girmama shi da dukan ƙasar da aka kira Midia Atropatena cewa daga baya morphed a cikin sunan "Azerbaijan".

Daya daga cikin na farko mutanen da suke zaune a Azerbaijan, sun Albanians. Wannan kabila mallakar Nakh-Dagestani iyali na harsuna da aka kama zuwa zamani Lezghins kusa. A ina dubu. BC sun bayyana Albanians nasu jihar. Ba kamar Manna, shi aka located a kan arewacin kasar. Caucasian Albania ake kaiwa da komowar da predatory burinsu na zamanin d Roma, Rum, Parthia da kuma Iran. Wasu lokaci a kan manyan yankunan a kasar gudanar ya karfafa da Armenian King Tigran II.

A IV c. n. e. Albanian ƙasa, wanda har sai da aka mamaye da gida addini da kuma Zoroastrianism, Kiristanci ya zo daga Armenia.

The Arab ci

A wani VII. n. e. wani taron ya faru, wanda taka babbar rawa a cikin tarihi na yankin. Muna magana ne game da Arab ci. Da farko, da Larabawa nasara da Iran mulki, daga abin da Albania ya da wani talakansa, sa'an nan kaddamar da wani hari a kan Azerbaijan kanta. Bayan Larabawa nasara kasar, ya sanya wani sabon zagaye na da tarihi. Azerbaijan ya zama yanzu har abada inextricably nasaba da Musulunci. Larabawa, ciki har da waɗanda suke a cikin Khalifanci ya fara gudanar da wani tsanaki manufar Addinin Musulunci na yankin da kuma sauri cimma burin su. Garuruwan kudancin na Azerbaijan, yafi underwent Addinin Musulunci, sa'an nan sabon addini shiga cikin filin karkara da kuma zuwa arewacin kasar.

Amma ba haka ba sauki ninka ga Arab gwamnati a kudu-maso-gabas na Caucasus. The 816 shekara Azerbaijan fara wani boren directed da Larabawa da kuma Musulunci. Ya jagoranci wannan yunkuri babak, wanda bin zamanin d Zoroastrian addini. Babban goyon bayan boren sun sana'a da kuma manoma. Domin fiye da shekaru ashirin, mutanen jagorancin babak yi yaƙi da Larabawa hukumomi. 'Yan tawayen ko da gudanar ya fitar da Arab ƙungiyoyin sojoji daga yankin Azerbaijan. Don kashe tawaye, da Khalifanci ya ƙarfafa su sojojin.

Jihar Shirvanshahs

Duk da cewa wannan yunkuri da aka niƙa, da Khalifanci ya raunana da kowane wucewa shekara. Ya ba da ƙarfi, kamar yadda kafin, don sarrafa sassa daban-daban na sararin daular.

Gwamnonin arewacin Azerbaijan (Shirvan), tun 861 shekaru, zama da aka sani Shirvanshahs da kuma aika su ikon ta hanyar gado. Nominally ƙarƙashin kalifa, amma a gaskiya cikakken m shugabanni. A tsawon lokaci, ko da wani maras muhimmanci dogaro bace.

Shirvanshakhs babban birnin kasar da aka asali Shamakhi, Baku sa'an nan. A jihar dade har 1538, lokacin da aka kafa a cikin Persian Safavid jihar.

A lokaci guda a cikin kudancin kasar akwai alternately m Sajids jihar, Salaris, Shaddadis, Ravvadids, wanda su ma ko dai ba su amince da ikon da Khalifanci a duk, ko ya aikata, shi ne kawai ƙa'ida.

Turkization Azerbaijan

Babu kasa muhimmanci ga labarin fiye da Addinin Musulunci na yankin sa da Arab ci, shi ne Turkization saboda da mamayewa na daban-daban Turkic nomadic kabilu. Amma, da bambanci ga Addinin Musulunci aiwatar miƙa ga dama ƙarni. Jaddada muhimmancin wannan taron a yawan abubuwan da faye hali na zamani Azerbaijan harshe da al'adu na zamani da yawan jama'a na kasar yana mai Turkic asalin.

A farko kalaman na Turkish mamayewa an mamayewa na Seljuk Oguz kabilu daga Asiya ta tsakiya, wanda ya faru a cikin XI karni. Yana aka tare da m halakar da lalata yankin. Mutane da yawa mazauna Azerbaijan tserewa, suka gudu zuwa duwatsu. Saboda haka, yana da duwatsu yankuna na kasar ya sha wahala da kalla Turkization. Ga rinjaye addini ya Kiristanci, kuma da mutane da Azerbaijan sun gauraye sama da wanda ya rayu a dutsen yankuna da Armenia. A lokaci guda, sauran a kan halinsu, da yawan gauraye da Turkic nasara dauki kan su harshe da al'adu, amma a lokaci guda adana da kuma al'adun na kakanninsu. Sakamakon daga wannan hadawa da kabila zama da aka sani da Azeris a nan gaba.

Bayan rushewar guda jihar na Seljuks a cikin ƙasa na Kudu Azerbaijan aka mulki Ildegezidov na Turkish asalin, sa'an nan a taƙaice ta kãma waɗannan ƙasashe Khwarizmshahs.

A farkon rabin na XIII karni, da Caucasus aka hõre da Mongol mamayewa. Azerbaijan da aka hada a jihar Hulaguid Mongol daular tsakiya a halin yanzu-rana Iran.

Bayan faduwar daular a 1355 Hulaguid, Azerbaijan na wani dan gajeren lokaci ne wani ɓangare na jihar Tamerlane, sa'an nan ya zama wani ɓangare na jama'a abokai Oguz kabilan Kara Koyunlu da Ak Koyunlu. A lokacin wannan lokaci ne karshe samuwar Azerbaijani al'umma.

Azerbaijan ne wani ɓangare daga Iran

Bayan fall na jihar Ak Koyunlu, a 1501, a kan ƙasa na Iran da kuma kudancin Azerbaijan da aka kafa iko Safavid jihar tare da cibiyar a Tabriz. Daga baya, babban birnin kasar da aka canjawa wuri zuwa Iran birnin Qazvin da Isfahan.

Safavid jihar mallaka duka halayen wannan daular. Musamman m gwagwarmaya kulla Safavids zuwa yamma tare da girma da iko na Ottoman Empire, ciki har da a Caucasus.

A 1538, da Safavids gudanar ya ci jihar Shirvanshahs. Saboda haka, a karkashin su iko shi ne duk da ƙasa na zamani Azerbaijan. Iran ta kiyaye iko a kan kasar da kuma a cikin wadannan dauloli - Hotak, Afsharid daular da kuma Zand. A 1795, Iran ta Qajar daular sarauta Turkic asalin.

Duk da yake Azerbaijan, an riga an rarraba su zuwa dama kananan khanates, wanda sun zama ƙarƙashin tsakiyar kasar Iran gwamnati.

A ci daga Azerbaijan ta Rasha Empire

A farko ƙoƙari su tsayar da Rasha iko a kan yankuna na Azerbaijan da aka sanya a karkashin Peter I. Amma yayin da gabatarwa da Rasha Empire a cikin Caucasus ya ba da nasara sosai.

A halin da ake ciki canja da cika fuska a farkon rabin na XIX karni. A cikin shakka daga biyu Rasha-Persian yaƙe-yaƙe, wanda dade daga 1804 zuwa 1828, da Rasha, Empire ya annexed kusan dukan ƙasar zamani Azerbaijan.

Yana daya daga cikin jujjũyãwar maki, cewa yana cike da tarihi. Azerbaijan tun sa'an nan ya kasance wani dogon lokaci hade tare da Rasha. Yana ne na wucin gadi tsaya a cikin Rasha Empire ne farkon samar da man fetur a Azerbaijan da kuma ci gaban masana'antu.

Azerbaijan a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin, akwai lokatan da centrifugal nufi a cikin yankuna daban-daban na tsohon Rasha Empire. A May 1918, da m Azerbaijan Democratic Republic da aka kafa. Amma matasa jihar ba zai iya tsira a cikin gwagwarmaya da Bolsheviks, ciki har da saboda ciki saba wa juna. A 1920 ta da aka soke.

Bolsheviks aka kafa Azerbaijan SSR. Asali shi ne wani ɓangare na Transcaucasian Federation, amma a shekarar 1936, ya zama wani cikakken tsara mahaluži a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. A babban birnin jihar na ilimi da aka birnin Baku. A wannan lokacin, m ci gaba da kuma wasu birane na Azerbaijan.

Amma a shekarar 1991, da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet ya faru. A dangane da wannan taron da Azerbaijan SSR daina wanzuwa.

zamani Azerbaijan

Zaman kanta a jihar zama da aka sani da Jamhuriyar Azerbaijan. Shugaban farko na Azerbaijan - Ayaz Mutalibov, tsohon tsohon farko sakataren Republican kwamitin jam'iyyar kwaminis. Bayan shi, alternately shagaltar da matsayi na shugaban kasa Abulfaz Elchibey da Heydar Aliyev. A halin yanzu, da shugaban kasar Azerbaijan - karshen ta dan, Ilham Aliyev. Ya zaci da matsayi a 2003.

A mafi m matsala a zamani Azerbaijan - shi ne Karabakh rikici, wanda ya fara a matsayin farkon a matsayin karshen Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin shakka daga wani mummunan adawa tsakanin dakarun gwamnati da Azerbaijan da mazaunan Karabakh, da Armenia ta goyon baya, da shari'ã Jamhuriyar Artsakh aka kafa. Azerbaijan ya wadãtu da yankin nasu, don haka da rikici ne kullum sabunta.

Duk da haka, ba shi yiwuwa ba a lura da nasarorin da Azerbaijan a gina wani zaman kanta a jihar. Idan a nan gaba wadannan ci gaba za a ci gaba, da ci gaba na kasar za su zama da na halitta sakamakon da kowa} o} arin da gwamnati da jama'a.