Tsarin narkewa kamar: aiki da kuma tsarin

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da aka gyara na jikin mutum - ta narkewa kamar tsarin gabobin. Wannan hade da shirya da kuma shirya yanayi, don haka da cewa da mai shi ya iya cire da abinci daga cinyewa duk mafi zama dole ga al'ada rayuwa. Kuma a lokaci guda a cikin narkewa kamar tsarin aiki irin wannan "sihiri" sunadaran, wanda kubutar da mu daga cututtuka, detoxify poisons, kuma ko da ba mu damar haduwa muhimmanci bitamin. Ganin muhimmancin wannan hadaddiyar gaba, wajibi ne a kula da.

Ka yi la'akari da abin da yake cikin tsarin narkewa kamar, da ayyuka na narkewa kamar tsarin , kuma, kada ka rabu da unattended. Za ka kuma koyi game da abin da yake tabbatar da za a yi a yi gastrointestinal cuta.

Wanne gawarwakin wani bangare ne na narkewa kamar tsarin?

Narkewa kamar tsarin kunshi wadannan hukumomin da kuma sassan:

• bakin tare da m salivary gland.
• makogwaro.
• yankin na esophagus.
• ciki;
• ƙanana da manyan hanji.
• hanta.
• pancreas.

Next, mun yi la'akari da tsarin da kuma aiki na narkewa kamar tsarin. Tebur a kasa ya ba da wani bayyani na bijiro da batun kafa sassa na gastrointestinal fili.

Idan ka dubi tsarin da gabobin da tsarin, shi iya lura da cewa, narkewa kamar fili ne a tube tsawon 7-9 mita. Wasu daga cikin manyan gland suna located waje cikin tsarin na ganuwar da kuma da ta sako.

A peculiarity wannan sa na gabobin cewa ana suya sosai m. fili kara daga bakin zuwa dubura har zuwa 900 cm, amma da suka shige a cikin jiki da ikon taimaka tsokoki na narkewa kamar hanyar zuwa cikin samuwar madaukai da bends. Duk da haka, mu aiki - ba kawai lissafa abubuwan da gabobin na narkewa kamar tsarin. Mun hankali sake nazari duk matakai faruwa a kowane daga cikin gastrointestinal fili.

Overall GI makirci na aikin

Baka rami, pharynx kuma esophagus ne a zahiri baya da shugabanci.

Yanzu bari mu bincika a ta aice da jerin nassi na abinci ta hanyar narkewa kamar tsarin. Na gina jiki aka gyara ta shiga jikin mutum, ta bakin bude. Bugu da ari, salla ta kasance a cikin makogwaro, wanda rarraba narkewa kamar fili da kuma na numfashi tsarin. Bayan wannan katin da aka aiko zuwa bolus saukar da esophagus. Chewed da kuma moistened da yau, abinci shiga ciki. Hukumomin na karshe kashi na esophagus aka located in ciki yanki: ciki, kananan makafi, ciwon sassan na hanji, da kuma ciwon daji: hanta da kuma pancreas.

A ƙashin ƙugu ne mike hanji. The abinci a ciki rami ne daban-daban sau dangane da irin kayayyakin, amma ba ya wuce da ba tsawon sa'o'i da dama. A wannan lokaci, da ake kira kasaftawa a cikin jiki rami na da ciki ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Abinci zama ruwa, hadawa auku da kuma digesting shi. Motsi kara, da taro shiga cikin kananan hanji. Ga na ayyuka na enzymes samar da karin rushe sinadirai abubuwa cikin sauki mahadi da cewa ana tunawa ba tare da wahala a cikin jini, kuma Lymph.

Bugu da ari, saura taro dabba ba a kanta a cikin manyan hanji, inda sha na ruwa da kuma samuwar stool. A gaskiya ma, suna abubuwa da ba su narkewar da ba za a iya tunawa a cikin jini, kuma Lymph. Suna cire da kuma waje yanayi ta hanyar dubura.

Abin da mutum yau?

A da na baka mucosa, wadda ta fara da jerin nassi na abinci ta hanyar tsarin narkewa kamar, akwai manyan da kananan salivary gland. Manyan ne waɗanda aka located kusa da kunnuwa, karkashin muƙamuƙi kuma a karkashin harshen. A karshe iri biyu salivary gland samar da wani gauraye asiri: suke ɓoyewa yau ko ruwa. A gland kusa da kunnuwa masu iya samar da gamsai kawai. Salivation iya zama quite m. Alal misali, a cikin yin amfani da lemun tsami ruwan 'ya'yan itace iya tsaya har zuwa 7.5 ml da minti.

Mafi yawa daga yau ne ruwa, amma shi ya ƙunshi enzymes: amylase da maltase. Wadannan enzymes narkewa tsari ne gudu a cikin baka rami: amylase tuba sitaci cikin maltose, wanda shi ne kara cleaved to glucose da maltase. The abinci da yake a cikin bakinka a takaice - ba fiye da 20 seconds, lokacin da lokacin da sitaci yana da wani lokacin da za a soke gaba daya. Yau yawanci na da ko dai wani tsaka tsaki, ko kuma dan kadan alkaline dauki. Har ila yau a cikin wannan ruwa matsakaici ƙunshi musamman gina jiki lysozyme, wanda yana da bactericidal Properties.

Bi esophagus

narkewa kamar tsarin ilmin jikin mutum na esophagus wadannan kira ga bakin da makogwaro gastrointestinal sashin jiki. Idan ka yi la'akari da shi a cikin mahallin bangon, to, za a iya fili kasu kashi uku yadudduka. A tsakãtsaki ne mai tsoka da kuma iya ji ƙyama. Wannan ingancin sa ya yiwu don matsawa da abinci daga pharynx zuwa ciki. Esophageal musculature samar undulated cuts cewa mika daga saman jiki domin ta dukan duration. Tare da nassi daga cikin bolus tare da tube mashiga akwai budewa sphincter na ciki.

Wannan tsoka rike abinci a ciki da kuma hana shi daga motsi a gaban shugabanci. A wasu lokuta, rufe da sphincter aka raunana da kuma narkewar talakawa iya jĩfar cikin esophagus. Reflux ya auku, da mutum ji ƙwannafi.

Ciki da kuma narkewa kamar asirin

Muna ci gaba da karatu da oda na narkewa kamar tsarin. A kan esophagus kamata a ciki. Sarrafawa da shi - hagu na sama quadrant a epigastric yankin. Wannan jiki - ba cewa wasu, kamar yadda wani tsawo na narkewa kamar fili da muscled bango.

A siffar da size da ciki ne kai tsaye dogara a kan abinda ke ciki. Blank jiki yana da tsawon 20 cm, da nisa tsakanin ganuwar -. 7-8 cm Idan matsakaici cika ciki, tsawonsa zai yi game da 25 cm, da kuma fadin - 12 cm Gabar matattarã iya bambanta dangane da mataki na cikar kuma. Yana dabam daga 1.5 lita zuwa 4 lita. Lokacin da wani mutum tsattsewa, tsokoki na ciki hūta, kuma wannan sakamako yana har zuwa karshen na ci abinci. Amma ko da lokacin da abinci, a kan, ciki tsokoki a Jihar aiki. The abinci ne ƙasa, akwai ta inji da kuma sinadaran aiki da tsoka motsi. Narkewar abinci motsa zuwa ga kananan hanji.

Ciki da ciki ne liyi tare da wani mucous membrane tare da wani jam'i na pleats, wanda aka located a cikin prostate. Su aiki - ware kamar yadda zai yiwu na narkewa kamar juices. ciki Kwayoyin nuna enzymes, hydrochloric acid da kuma mucoid mugunya. Bolus impregnated da duk wadannan abubuwa ne ƙasa da kuma gauraye. Tsokoki, da yin kwangila, da inganta narkewa.

Mene ne ciki ruwan 'ya'yan itace?

Na ciki ruwan 'ya'yan itace ne mai colorless ruwa tare da wani acid dauki, wanda ya bayyana gaban hydrochloric acid. Akwai uku main kungiyoyin na enzymes:

• protease (yafi pepsin) manne da sunadarai na polypeptide kwayoyin.
• lipase aiki a kan m kwayoyin, tana mayar da su a cikin m acid da glycerol (a cikin ciki kawai cleaved emulsified mai saniya ta madara).
• yau amylases ci gaba da aiki a kan tsakiyan nonon hadaddun carbohydrate zuwa sauki sugars (a matsayin bolus ne cikakken impregnated da acidic na ciki ruwan 'ya'yan itace, amylolytic enzymes ne inactivated).

Hydrochloric acid ne mai matukar muhimmanci kashi na narkewa kamar secretions, kamar yadda take kaiwa zuwa aiki enzyme pepsin, don ya shirya tsakiyan nonon sunadarai na gina jiki, curdled madara da kuma gusar duk kwayoyin. ciki saki ya auku, yafi a lokacin abinci kuma yana for 4-6 hours. Total da rana ba ruwa da aka saki zuwa 2.5 lita.

An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, da lambar kuma abun da ke ciki na ciki ruwan 'ya'yan itace dogara a kan ingancin da shigowa abinci. The most yawan m tsaye ga narkewa sunadarai, da karami - a sha na wani ƙiba cin abinci. A wani m kwayoyin ciki ruwan ya ƙunshi wani fairly manyan adadin hydrochloric acid, PH jeri daga 1.5-1.8.

kananan hanji

Lokacin da la'akari da abin da gawarwakin wani bangare ne na narkewa kamar tsarin, da kara abu na binciken - da kananan hanji. Wannan narkewa tsarin raba samo asali daga ciki pylorus kuma yana da jimillar tsawon 6 mita. An kasu kashi da dama sassan:

• 12 duodenum guntuwa da m division da kuma ta tsawon shi ne game da 30 cm.
• siranta hanji halin da rage na lumen da kuma tsawon 2.5 m.
• ileum ne mafi kunkuntar rabo daga wani bakin ciki da katin, ta tsawon shi ne 3.5 m.

The kananan hanji ne ayi a cikin kogon ciki a cikin nau'i na madaukai. A kan gaban shi yana rufe da omentum da laterally iyakance m narkewa kamar fili. The aiki na kananan hanji - da ci gaba da sinadaran halayen abinci aka gyara, ta hadawa da kuma game da wani m sashen.

A bango na jiki yana da wani hali tsarin domin duk kayan narkewa kamar fili da kuma kunshi wadannan abubuwa:

• mucous Layer.
• submucosal nama da suka taru sun jijiyoyi, gland, Lymph da jini;
• tsoka nama, wanda ya ƙunshi wani waje a tsaye da kuma ciki madauwari yadudduka da kuma zubar therebetween wani Layer na connective nama tare da jini da kuma jijiyoyi (murdede Layer ne ke da alhakin hadawa da kuma motsi tare da narkewar abinci tsarin).
• serosa ne santsi da kuma moisturized, shi ya hana gogayya tsakanin gawarwakin kansu.

Features na narkewa a cikin kananan hanji

Gland kunshe a hanji nama tsarin ware m. Yana kare mucosa daga rauni da kuma a kan aiki na narkewa kamar enzymes. Mucous nama Forms jam'i na pleats omnidirectional, kuma wannan qara tsotsa yankin. Yawan data abokai rage-rage zuwa ga manyan hanji. Daga ciki da mucosa daga cikin kananan hanji villi da kwaruruka yalwata cewa taimakon narkewa.

The 12- sashe dan kadan alkaline matsakaici da hit amma shi rage-rage PH daga cikin ciki abinda ke ciki. Pancreas bututu yana a cikin wannan yanki, kuma ta m alkalizes bolus, wanda matsakaici a cikin wannan hali ya zama tsaka tsaki. Saboda haka, na ciki da enzymes ne inactivated.

A 'yan kalmomi game da narkewa kamar gland

Narkewa kamar tsarin yana da wani bututu endocrine gland. A pancreas secretes wani ruwan 'ya'yan itace a matsayin cin wani mutum da lambar shi ne dogara a kan abinci abun da ke ciki. Protein rage cin abinci stimulates mugunya daga cikin mafi girma da kuma fats sa kishiyar sakamako. Total da rana pancreas samar 2.5 lita na ruwan 'ya'yan itace.

Har ila yau a cikin kananan hanji shi allocates ta m gallbladder. Bayan kawai 5 minti daga farko na ci abinci da shi yana farawa zuwa rayayye nuna bile, wanda activates duk enzymes daga cikin hanji ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Wannan asiri ne kuma Qarfafa narkewa kamar fili motor aiki, intensifies da hadawa da kuma motsi na abinci. The 12- sashen nike game da rabin abin da ake ci sunadaran da sugars, kazalika da karamin sashi na mai. A cikin kananan hanji enzymatic bazuwar na gudanar da mahadi Saide, amma kasa maida kuma parietal m sha hali. A mafi maida wannan tsari ya auku bayan 1-2 hours bayan da abinci. Yana wuce yi kama da matakai a ciki.

Manyan hanjin - karshe narkewa tashar

Wannan shi ne karshen rabo daga gastrointestinal fili, ta tsawon shi ne game da 2 m. The sunayen na narkewa kamar tsarin lissafi ga sifofin, kuma Azancin gane cewa wannan rabo na da mafi lumen. Da nisa daga ciwon an rage daga 7 zuwa 4 cm a saukowa ciwon sashen. A wannan yanki da wadannan zones asirce narkewa kamar fili:

• cecum, appendix da ciwon, ko appendix.
• hawa ciwon rabu.
• mai gangara ciwon.
• saukowa ciwon rabo.
• sigmoid ciwon.
• kai tsaye sashen, kawo karshen dubura.

Narkewar abinci shiga daga kananan hanji da manyan ta a kananan bude a cikin wani nau'i na tsaguwa positioned horizontally. Akwai wani irin sphincter bawul da lebe wanda ya hana ingress ciki makafi katin a gaban shugabanci.

Abin da matakai dauki wuri a cikin manyan hanji?

Idan dukan tsari na narkewa daukan tsakanin daya da kuma sa'o'i uku, mafi yawan kasaftawa tsaya a wani curi a cikin ciwon. Ana sa jari ciki tsotsa aiwatar da zama dole abubuwa da ruwa, ya koma a kan hanya, da samuwar da kuma kau da tumbi. Physiological na kullum ne ci abinci narkewar a cikin manyan hanji bayan 3-3.5 hours bayan ci abinci. Wannan sashen ne cika a lokacin da rana, bi da cikakken emptying na 48-72 hours.

A ciwon akwai sha na glucose, amino acid, bitamin da kuma sauran abubuwa samar da kwayoyin cuta a cikin wannan sashen, kuma mafi yawan (95%) na ruwa da kuma daban-daban Wutan.

The mazaunan gastrointestinal fili

Kusan dukkan gabobin da kuma sassa na narkewa kamar tsarin ake sanaki kwayoyin. Kawai ciki yana da dangi sterility (azumi) saboda an acidic muhalli. The most yawan kwayoyin a cikin ciwon ne - har zuwa biliyan 10/1 g na tumbi. Al'ada microflora na lokacin farin ciki GI kira eubioz da kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar mutum:

• hana ci gaban pathogenic microorganisms.
• kira na bitamin B da kuma K, enzymes, hormones da kuma sauran abubuwa da amfani ga mutum.
• tsagawa cellulose, hemicellulose da pectins.

The inganci da yawa daga microflora na kowane mutum ne na musamman da aka kayyade biyu na waje da kuma na ciki dalilai.

Kula da lafiyar ka.

Kamar yadda da wani bangare na jikin mutum, narkewa kamar tsarin iya zama mai saukin kamuwa zuwa cututtuka daban-daban. Su sukan hade da wani hit daga waje pathogens. Duk da haka, idan wani mutum ne da lafiya da kuma ciki ya aiki ba tare da wani glitch, duk cutarwa kwayoyin suna halakakku a wani acidic muhalli. Idan saboda wasu dalilai da jiki ne aiki abnormally, sa'an nan kusan duk wani kamuwa da cuta iya ci gaba da kuma kai wa ga m sakamakon, kamar ciwon daji na narkewa kamar tsarin. Yana duk fara da kananan: matalauta abinci mai gina jiki, rashin in su rage cin abinci m fibrous abinci, shan barasa da m abinci, shan taba, danniya, unbalanced rage cin abinci, matalauci yanayi da kuma sauran korau dalilai hankali halakar da jikinka da tsokana da ci gaban cututtuka.

Narkewa kamar tsarin ne musamman m ga hallakaswa tasiri daga waje. Sabõda haka kada ka manta da su wuce likita jarrabawa a dace hanya da kuma tuntubar likita idan akwai kasawa a cikin al'ada aiki na jiki.