Ƙasa sãsanni - gona yadudduka ci karo da a aiwatar da ƙasa samuwar

Ƙasa tsarin da aka yi karatu a hanyoyi daban-daban, zabin da kuma amfani da abin da aka ƙaddara da takamaiman bukatun kwararru. A lokaci guda akwai duniya hanyoyin gabatar halaye na ƙasa yadudduka, ta hanyar da masana harkokin kimiyya za su iya fili matsahi na saba da halaye da kuma kowa fasali na ƙasar rufe wannan ko wancan yanki. Alal misali, akwai atomic, tara da kuma crystal da kuma matakin kwayoyin misali Tsarin cewa sa shi yiwuwa a karatu da ƙasa da sãɓãwar launukansa daki-daki. A karo na hudu gabatarwa Layer aka kafa ta ƙasa sãsanni. Saboda haka, misali, za a iya nuna ta duniya bangaranci profile wanda aka kafa ta dama ma'aunan kasa yadudduka ga wani lokaci.

subsurface sãsanni

Wannan shi ne wani nau'i ne na tushe Layer kuma muhimmi gona da abubuwa iyaye dutse daga ra'ayinsa na samuwar m yadudduka ga surface. Irin wannan yadudduka ne iri-irin da kuma da halaye daban-daban. Masana sun gano yashi, lãka, zuriyar dabbobi, kazalika da hada yadudduka, halin da musamman asalin.

Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa masu juna biyu sãsanni ba tare da dalili ake kira asali. Su ne a sosai kasa, amma suna da wani tsanani tasiri a kan babba yadudduka. Wannan yana bayyana a cikin ikon samar da sunadarai, mineralogical kuma inji halaye, da kuma ta jiki halaye ne na m yadudduka. Haka kuma, zuriyar dabbobi za a mafi m agronomic ingancin fiye da iyaye dutse, da na inji Properties udura yashi ko lãka abun da ke ciki.

ƙasa tsarin iri

Evaluation na halaye na mai sararin sama ba zai yiwu ba tare da kayyade da tsarin. By structuring nufin jerin mutum raka'a ko barbashi iya disintegrating siddan. Wannan shi ne dukiya da ma'anar da inji Jihar tari na kasar gona taro. Daya daga cikin sigogi da damar da su koma zuwa ga waɗanda sãsanni da ƙasa ko wasu sifofi, a bonding ƙarfi tsakanin mutum abubuwa na gwajin abun da ke ciki da kuma microaggregates. Don kwanan wata, akwai sassa uku na gona kimiyya cibiyoyin, abin da ya bambanta barbashi masu girma dabam, kazalika da juna tsari. Wannan prismatic, cuboid da plitovidnaya tsarin.

A prismatic barbashi ƙasa talakawa ɓullo da yafi tsaye axis, cuboid tsarin tabbatar da wani uniform rarraba barbashi a uku jirage located perpendicular zuwa ga sãshe. Plitovidnye kasa an kafa a gaturra biyu tare da wata hujja rage na tsaye shugabanci. Idan nauyi ba rarrabu cikin mutum barbashi, kuma da farko halin da free-qoramu jihar, shi ne ake kira razdelnochastichnoy unstructured. Wannan kungiyar kunshi kura da yashi. Bi da bi, da m ƙasa iya kira da m unstructured. Irin Tsarin halin gaban manyan lumps na m.

The darajar barbashi size rarraba

Idan inji tsarin ma'anar rarraba mutum abubuwa a cikin ƙasa taro, da barbashi size analysis iya sanin agronomic kaddarorin da kimantawa barbashi kai tsaye. Alal misali, masana ba da morphological halaye na ƙasa profile tare da kulle fasali na abun da ke ciki. Saboda haka, kasar gona ne mafi yawa yashi hamada, da kuma kalubale ga masu bincike ne domin ayyana da abun ciki uniformity da predominance na daya ko wata ƙungiya. daban-daban ji hanyoyin, ciki har da yin amfani da kayan aiki metrology amfani a irin wannan kima.

Ƙasa launi darajar

Launi ƙasa taro yana daya daga cikin mashahuran morphological siffofin, wanda zai iya sanin ko kwayoyin profile sararin sama. Bugu da kari, a cikin mahallin na ƙasar tare da wani nuni ne na yadudduka da tabarau taimaka a irin wannan nazarin kama da sãsanni da iyaka. Duk da haka, da launi da kuma launi yi na Concepts ba daidai a cikin wannan harka. Karkashin launi na nufin sifofinsu heterogeneity da patchiness. A daya hannun, kasar gona taro launi nuna hade da launuka, tsanani da kuma sauran chromaticity quality. Af, da yawa irin gona samun da sunan daidai da launi halaye - wannan za a iya dangana ga m ƙasa, ja gona da kuma baki gona.

Launi sararin sama iya zama iri-irin da kuma kama. A farkon harka, da taro masu launin a cikin launi daban-daban, cikinsa da bambance-bambance aka gano ba kawai chromatic halaye. Launi sau da yawa yana sa da kuma ta jiki halaye, da aka saki tare da wani touch. A uniform launi ne, misali hamada gona, cikinsa da ƙananan yadudduka auku walƙiya ta barbashi.

humus sãsanni

Wannan shi ne wani babban rukuni na kasa, wanda ake kafa a aiwatar da biodegradation. Raba sararin sama yadudduka bambanta a tsawo, ta jiki quality, abun da ke ciki, Organic abubuwa, da dai sauransu D. Wannan inuwa ne mafi karkata zuwa cikin kewayon daga m ga baki. Hankula wurare na humus sararin sama ne steppe da gandun daji steppe. A gaskiya, masu juna biyu gandun daji muhimmi dandali ne sun fi mayar da taimakawa ga samuwar babba yadudduka na da irin wannan. A musamman, fitaccen sod sararin sama, serogumusovy da svetlogumusovy. Sod yadudduka yawanci samu a cikin tundra da taiga yankuna. Fadada humus sararin sama tare da humus. An yawanci samu a cikin wetland shimfidar a kudu. Bright sãsanni ne taro na irin wannan da aka tartsatsi a cikin kasa na m da kuma Semi-m asashe, wanda aka mamaye da dumi m sauyin yanayi.

kwayoyin sãsanni

Wannan category hada cikin sãsanni da ƙasa a cikin abin da abun ciki na Organic aka gyara ne 30% ko fiye. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne babba yadudduka da profile. Ga misali, da farfajiya Layer ne mai peat sararin sama, wanda tsayinsa ne 10 cm. An kafa ta saki ciyayi sharan, herbaceous steppe felts da t. D. Humus Layer aka kuma hada a cikin wannan kungiya. Godiya ga shi, kafa baki ƙasa, wanda kuma iya samun duhu launin ruwan kasa da kuma baki launi. Irin wannan tsarin yawanci karya ƙarƙashin zuriyar dabbobi-peat yadudduka. Akwai sauran subspecies na sararin sama, wanda abun da ke ciki da kuma ma'adinai abubuwa iya hada. Amma babban unifying morphological Properties na kasa kunshe a wannan sa dogara ne a kan asalin Organic abu. Wannan shi ne, a cikin wannan yanayin ƙasa samuwar auku a ƙarƙashin rinjayar biodegradation.

Tsakãtsaki ƙasa sãsanni

The bayãnin hukuncin alama na da irin wannan sãsanni ne hali na ƙasa zuwa matakai kai tsaye a cikin tsarin ba tare da waje tasiri a kan nauyi. A hankula wakilin irin wannan ne alfegumusovy sararin sama. An halin gaban humic-ferrous inclusions a kan fim surface ko aggregates na ma'adinai barbashi. Amma ga launi, a cikin wannan, akwai wani m yi - da yawa ya dogara da musamman abun da ke ciki, wanda zai iya sa kasar gona da duhu, da kuma wani yellowish haske tabarau. Yawanci, kasar gona sãsanni tsakãtsaki ce irin samu a loamy ko yashi kasa. A da kyau misali na irin wannan wani tsawo zai kasance textured da kuma sararin sama. Wannan ruwan kasa taro, cikinsa da tsarin ma mnogoporyadkovoy mãsu yawa, da multilayer fina-finan. Duk da haka, da sararin sama za a iya samu a karkashin predominance na lãka kasa.

eluvial sararin sama

A cover profile, overlain da yadudduka na organogenic ko humus, shi ne mafi luminous sararin sama. An halin a hur barbashi size rarraba da sãɓã, ta bijiro da batun kafa abubuwa cikin sharuddan jiki Properties. Wadannan sãsanni iya sun hada da podzolized, humus-eluvial da subelyuvialny yadudduka. Alal misali, da taro na daban-daban podzolic yashi da kuma yashi loam barbashi size akai, da kuma a wasu lokuta, ba ginannun marmashi tushe. Ga wani bai sararin sama hankula tsari a cikin tsari da kuma gumi alfegumusovyh shimfidar. Af, a cewar wasu tsarin halaye kamar irin waɗanda yadudduka illuvial sararin sama, ko da yake dominance na ruwan kasa duk da haddasawa da kuma bayyana waje da bambance-bambance.

arable sararin sama

Kasa suke kunshe a arable sãsanni, kullum koma zuwa wani surface. Duk da haka, ba kowane surface Layer iya koma zuwa m kasa. A musamman ingancin wannan sararin sama ne kawai a sa na sharadi gwargwado ga namo amfanin gona. A abun da ke ciki da kuma agronomic halaye na topsoil da damar tushen tsarin daga ƙasa taro to diba da ake bukata abubuwa. Halitta yanayi na samar da wannan baki gona, amma sau da yawa da ake so halaye an karu da musamman wajen. Alal misali, ta amfani da fasaha na namo arable sararin sama, hadi da kuma a kudi na jihar na hydrological gyara.

iyaye kankara

Wannan na waje yadudduka da iyaye, wanda ya zama dalilin samuwar sabuwar kasar gona. Yawanci, da barbashi size rarraba kafa irin wannan rawa ne ma'adinai aka gyara - 80%. Banda shi ne cewa har peat sararin sama, wanda cika girma na ma'adinai iya zama cikin 10%. Abin lura shi ne cewa wadannan yadudduka na iya zama mafi kyau dandamali ga ci gaban m arable gona da high agronomic Properties, amma ba su da ko da yaushe dace namo. Wannan na iya zama m gona ko dutse, tushe na wanda aka kafa ta igneous, sedimentary, kuma metamorphic kankara. Amma, duk da zaran yi cikin sharuddan haihuwa, irin yadudduka ne mai kyau tushe don ci gaba mafi kyau ga aikin noma inuwõyi.

ƙarshe

Agro-fasaha sha'anin da gandunan daji ne babban abokan ciniki da kuma masu amfani da kayan, wanda aka tsara taswirori da ƙasa sassan da kuma nuna da profile na kasar gona sararin sama. Irin bayanan da ake bukata domin karin cikakken fahimtar yanzu hoto da kuma halaye na halitta albarkatun da kuma ra'ayoyi game da makomar ta ci gaba da tafiyar matakai. A musamman, ƙasa sãsanni da damar hango ko hasashen abin da zai iya zama kara gyara a cikin abun da ke ciki na kasar gona. Domin nazarin wadannan sãsanni da aka yi amfani da m bakan da hanyoyin da goyan bayan zamani fasaha wajen. Bugu da kari, sha'awar nazarin sau da yawa kamfanonin kansu gudanar da ayyukan da nufin canza tsarin da kuma halaye na wasu sãsanni.