Crimean Tatar harshe: siffofin da kuma babban halaye

Mene ne Crimean Tatar harshe? Mene ne nahawu siffofin yana? Ko yake da alaka da Tatar harshe? A amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi kuma mu nemi.

Crimean Tatars

Crimean Tatar mutane ne sau da yawa daidaita tare da Tatars zaune a Rasha. Wannan kuskure ne ya zo daga sau da Rasha Empire, a lõkacin da duk nomadic Turkic mutane da ake kira "Tatars". Yana kuma ya hada da Kumyks, Azerbaijanis, da sauransu. D.

Tatars a Crimea ne 'yan asalin. Zũriyarsu ne daban-daban tsoho kabilan inhabiting arewacin Black Sea yankin. A muhimmiyar rawa taka leda a ethnogenesis na Turkic mutãnensu, Cumans, Khazars, Pechenegs, Karaites, Huns da Krymchaks.

A tarihi samuwar Crimean Tatars a matsayin mai raba kabila ya faru a kan sashin a XIII-XVII ƙarni. Daga cikin wakilai sukan yi amfani da kai "Crimeans." Anthropological irin jinsin su a Caucasian. A togiya ne subethnos kafa yana da fasali kamar Caucasian da Mongoloid jinsi.

Crimean Tatar harshe

Crimea da aka faɗa ta kamar 490 dubu mutane. Yana da aka yada a kan ƙasa na Rasha, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania, Turkey da kuma shi ne daya daga cikin yadu magana harsuna a Jamhuriyar Crimea.

A rubuce-rubuce da aka kullum amfani da Latin, ko da yake mai yiwuwa ne, kuma QFontDatabase rubuce. Mafi yawa daga cikin masu magana da rayuwa a cikin Crimea (game da 300 mutane dubu). A Bulgaria da Romania, da dama daga cikin Crimean Tatars ne game da dubu 30.

Tatar harshe ne ya "zumunta", amma ba ma kusa. Dukansu harsuna ne Turkic da kunshe a cikin Kipchak subgroup. Sa'an nan su rassan diverge. Cikin Tatar karfi da tasiri da Finno-Ugric, Rasha, da Larabci. A cikin Crimean Tatar aka rinjayi da Italiya, Girkawa, da Cumans da Kipchaks.

yaruka

Crimean Tatar mutane ne zuwa kashi uku main subethnos kowane magana nasu yare. A arewacin sashin kafa steppe yare na ga Nogai-Kypchak harsuna.

Ta Kudu, ko yalyboysky, yare kusa da Baturke harshe. A gagarumin tasiri a kan shi yana da Italiya da al'ummai da suke raye a kudancin gaba na wannan yanki. A cikin yaren akwai da yawa rance da magana daga harsuna.

Mafi na kowa ne tsakiyar yare. Shi ne tsaka-tsaki tsakanin sauran biyu. Yana nufin da Polovtsian-Kipchak kungiyar na Turkic harsuna da kuma ƙunshi mutane da yawa abubuwa Oguz. Kowane yare hada da dama yaruka.

Rarrabuwa da kuma Features

Crimean Tatar harshen nasa ne da Turkic harsuna, wanda hakan nasa ne da Altai kungiyar tare da Mongoliya, da Korean da Tungus-Manchurian harsuna. Duk da haka, wannan ka'idar akwai adawar suka ƙaryata game da wanzuwar Altaic bisa manufa.

A cikin rarrabuwa akwai sauran matsaloli na harshe. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi nasa ne da Kypchak-Polovtsian subgroup na harsuna. Wannan ba daidai bane, domin idan ba a dauki la'akari da dangantaka da Oghuz harsuna, wanda aka lura a tsakiyar yare.

Ta duk da fasali na Crimean harshen harshen, shi ne classified kamar haka:

Tarihi da kuma wallafe-wallafen

Yare samo asali a tsakiyar zamanai. A lokacin da Crimean ƙasar zauna a manyan yawan kabilun da suka rinjayi da samuwar da harshe. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Crimean Tatar harshe dabam da yawa a sassa daban daban na wannan yanki.

A lokacin da na Crimean Khanate, da yawan da aka tilasta yin magana da Ottoman. A cikin kwanaki na al'adu na Rasha Empire ya a ƙi Crimeans. Ta dawo ya fara a cikin XIX karni. Sa'an nan, godiya ga Ismail Gasprinsky bayyana wallafe-wallafen Crimean Tatar harshe. A karkashi sa kudancin yare.

Har shekara ta 1927 wata wasika da aka gudanar a Larabci haruffa. A shekara, a matsayin tushen da wallafe-wallafen harshen zaba tsakiya yare, da kuma rubuce-rubuce da aka fassara a cikin Latin haruffa. Ya aka kira "Yanalif" ko "guda Turkic haruffa".

A 1939 da ya yi kokarin yin QFontDatabase, amma Latin haruffa fara mayar a cikin 90s. Da shi da ɗan daban-daban daga Yanalif: maras misali Latin haruffa maye gurbin haruffa da lafazi alamomi, wanda kara da kamance tare da Baturke harshe.

Ƙamus da kuma asali halaye

Crimean Tatar ne agglutinative harshe. Ma'anar kalmomin da phrases an canza ba saboda terminations, kuma ta hanyar "gluing" na suffixes zuwa kalmomi da kuma sa. Za su iya kawo da bayanai ba kawai a kan lexical ma'anar kalmar, amma kuma na dangantaka tsakanin kalmomi da sauransu. D.

Harshe ya ƙunshi goma sha sassa na magana, shida lokuta, hudu-daban na fi'ili Tasrifu, uku siffofin fi'ili gina fi'ilai masu reshe (ba, da kuma nan gaba). Yana rasa irin magana da kuma sunaye. Alal misali, Rasha ya ce ya, ta, shi yayi dace da kawai daya nau'i - "o".

A halin yanzu da littafin, ƙamus da kuma fassara a kan Crimean Tatar harshe a kan Internet ne mai sauqi ka samu. Saboda haka idan sani da shi ba zai zama da sauki. Kasa wasu misalai na misali kalmomin da phrases da harshe: