Biography Nikolaya Gastello. Ft Gastello, suka tafi a tarihi

Nikolay Frantsevich Gastello, a feat wanda za a aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin, an haife shi a 1907 a Moscow, ya kuma rasu a 1941. Wannan nazari zai ƙoƙari ya taƙaice gaya muku game da mafi muhimmanci lokacin da rayuwar Soviet gwarzo.

Ne suka kasance iyayenku daga cikin shahararrun Aviator?

Shi ne mai Soviet soja pilot, memba na uku fadace-fadace, kwamandan na biyu rundujar soja masu dawaki. Ya mutu a lokacin da tashi na soja. Gastello - Hero na Tarayyar Soviet. Wannan lakabi aka bayar Nikolayu Frantsevichu posthumously.

Ne suka kasance iyaye na Gastello, a real gwarzo? Uba Nikolai Pavlovich kira Franz Gastello. Ya kasance mai Rasha Jamus. An haife shi a kauyen Pluzine. Lokacin da ta fara a shekarar 1900, na zo ne in nemi aiki a Moscow, inda ya fara aiki a Kazan Railway a foundries. A Sunan tsohuwarsa Nicholas Anastasia Semyonovna Kutuzov. Ta kasance daga Rasha asalin, ya yi aiki a matsayin seamstress.

Saboda haka me ya sa Nikolai Gastello feat yi? Watakila amsar da ya biography? Wajibi ne a yi la'akari a taƙaice da aiki na Nicholas.

matasa Gastello

Daga shekara ta 1914 zuwa 1918 Nikolay karatu a na uku maza Sokolniki birni makaranta mai suna bayan A. S. Pushkina. Wani mummunan yunwa a 1918 tilasta iyaye a lokacin da kai da shi daga Moscow, don haka tare da wani rukuni na makaranta-Muscovites, ya aka aika zuwa Bashkiria.

A shekara ta 1919, Nikolai ya koma zuwa Moscow, inda ya tafi makaranta sake. Nikolai ya fara aiki a shekarar 1923, ya zama wani almajiri kafinta. Daga baya, a cikin 1924, Gastello iyali koma birnin Moore, inda matasa Nicholas zama makaniki a locomotive shuka su. Dzerzhinsky, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin tsohonsa. A layi daya da aikin, ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare (a yau lokaci akwai wata makaranta a No. 33). A 1928 ya shiga CPSU. A 1930, 'yan Gastello iyali sake koma zuwa Moscow, da kuma Nicholas ya fara aiki a farkon jama'a injiniya shuka su. 1st May. Nicholas zauna a kauyen Khlebnikovo daga 1930 zuwa 1932.

Sabis a cikin Red Army

A 1932, a watan Mayu, a cewar wani na musamman ya kafa Nikolai aka girke a cikin Red Army. Kuma saboda wannan da aka aiko zuwa karatu a Air Force Pilot School a birnin Lugansk. A horo ya faru daga May 1932 zuwa Disamba 1933.

Ya yi aiki a cikin tamanin da biyu Tã m rundujar soja masu dawaki ashirin-farko Tã m sufurin jiragen sama Brigade, tushe na wanda yake a cikin birnin na Rostov-on-Don, a shekara ta 1938. Akwai ya fara wani matukin jirgi ya tashi a gefen dama a kan na uku nauyi m. Kuma a cikin 1934 (Nuwamba) Nikolay riga ya mallaki gudanar da jirgin sama. Iya, yana zaton cewa a nan gaba cikin feat - a feat matukin Gastello - Za har abada zama a cikin tarihi na Rasha?

A farko yaƙi Gastello

Saboda da sake fasalin kudin na, a 1938, Nicholas shi ne na farko Tã m rajimanti. A 1939, a watan Mayu, ya kasance shugaban, da kuma game da wani shekara daga baya - Mataimakin kwamandan na rundujar soja masu dawaki. Ya halarci fadace-fadace a kan Khalkhin-, tare da mutum ɗari da hamsin fi sauri m sufurin jiragen sama rajimanti, wanda aka subordinated ga rundujar soja masu dawaki na farko TBAP. Akwai kuma wata yar a cikin Soviet Finnish yaƙi da dauki bangare a cikin hanya ga Accession na Bessarabia da kuma Northern Bukovina da Tarayyar Soviet daga Yuni zuwa Yuli 1940. Kusa da hunturu wannan shekara, cikin jirgin sama part za ta motsa zuwa Vitebsk, zuwa yamma kan iyakoki, sa'an nan a cikin Aviagorodok kusa Smolensk. Kuma a cikin 1940, Nicholas aka bayar da daraja na kyaftin. A 1941, a cikin bazara, Nicholas ya tarbiyyantar da samu a zubar da cikin jirgin sama DB-3F. Shi ne kwamandan da na huɗu rundujar soja masu dawaki na metan da bakwai dogon zangon-zirgar jiragen sama, rajimanti.

Ft Gastello sanya bayan kara, riga kwamandan biyu rundujar soja masu dawaki na wannan bangare.

wreck

A 1941, wato 26 Yuni, karkashin jagorancin Kyaftin Nikolaem Frantsevichem hada da Lieutenant G. N. Skorobogatym, A. Burdenyuk kuma tare da wani babban jami'in saja A. A. Kalininom a kan jirgin DB-3F wani jirgin bar for don a samar da bam ta Jamus mechanized layi na hanyar Molodechno -Radoshkovichi. Flight ya faru tare da wata mahada da 2 kai harin. Antiaircraft wuta inji Nikolaya Frantsevicha aka harbe.

Makiya dako lalacewar sãmar da man fetur tanki. Nicholas ya juya, ya kona jirgin sama a tsakiyar abokan gaba mechanized shafi. Ft Gastello (takaice) ya gudanar da wuta rago. All ma'aikatan jirgin sun mutu.

A cewar Vorobiev da Rybas

26 Yuni, 1941 bar abun da ke ciki karkashin jagorancin Kyaftin Nikolaem Frantsevichem Gastello. Tare da biyu heavies DB-3F. Na biyu jirgin sama sarrafa m leftana F. Vorobyov, kamar yadda wani navigator tare da shi ya tashi Lieutenant Anatoly Rybas. Abin da suke da sunayen 2 more ƙungiya Vorobyov, ba a sani ba members. A lokacin da aka kai harin na Jamus taro dabaru Gastello da jirgin saman da aka harbe sauka. Daga cikin kalmomi na Vorobyov da Rybas, Gastello kona mota samar ramming maƙiyi mechanized shafi fasaha. A dare, da manoma, na kauyuka dake kusa Dekshnyany ja daga cikin gawawwakin matukan jirgi daga cikin jirgin sama, a nannade gawawwaki a parachutes kuma binne su a kusa da site na hadarin m.

koyi duk

Ba da da ewa feat Gastello samu m tura ɗaukar hoto. A 1941, 5 Yuli, da yamma a wani summary na Soviet Information ofishin karo na farko da aka ambata game da aikin Nicholas. Masu lura da al'amurra Pavlenko, P. Krylov rubuta wata kasida a cikin guntu yiwu lokacin, "Captain Gastello", wadda aka saki a cikin jaridar karkashin lakabi "Gaskiya" a cikin safe a ranar 10 ga watan Yuli.

A alfijir a kan Yuli 6 a daban-daban wurare a gaban matukan jirgi hadu a loudspeakers. Bayani wuce a Moscow radio station, da sanarwa ta da murya da jũna sosai saba - nan da nan popped ƙwaƙwalwar daga gidan, Moscow. A sanarwa ya karanta wasu bayanai game da abin da wani feat sanya Gastello. A yawa na mutane a sassa daban daban na gaban da sanarwa ya maimaita sunan da gwarzo - Captain Gastello.

tunaninsu

Long kafin yakin, lokacin da Gastello tare da mahaifinsa aiki a Moscow shuka na Nicholas ya gaya mini cewa, ba wani abu inda shi ba a wajabta, a kan abin da aikin da aka ba aiki, kuma a ko'ina ya kafa misali da wani model na aiki tukuru, juriya da kuma ƙaddamar. Ya kasance mutum tara sojojin a wata babbar harka.

Lokacin da ya zama mai fama pilot, shi nan da nan aka sami kuɓuta. Ya kasance ba a Celebrity, amma da sauri tafiya zuwa shahararsa. Ft Gastello kamar yadda ya tuno da daga baya, ya yi. Me ya sa? Haka ne, domin shi mutum ne! Kowace rana shi da aka gudanar a cikin wani kokarin yi wani abu domin su kasa, rayuwar yau da kullum ya mai feat.

A 1939, ya bamai belofinskie soja masana'antu, bunkers da kuma gadoji, a Bessarabia jefa mu paratroopers wanda ya hana da looting na jihar. A cikin kwanaki na Great Patriotic War Nikolay Frantsevich - Chief ya rundujar soja masu dawaki - Nazi sulke ginshikan fasa, fasa zuwa smithereens yãƙi da wurin, a sliver na murƙushe gadoji. Ko sa'an nan, da kyaftin Gastello daraja baza a tashi sassa.

A yi, wanda ya zama tarihi

Karshe feat Gastello ba za a manta da taba a rayuwata. Yuli 3 a karkashin umurnin da shugaban Nikolai Frantsevich suka yi jihãdi a cikin iska. Mugun, a kasa, a kan ƙasa, kuma, suka tafi a kan yãƙi. Motorized raka'a makiya sanya musu da hanyarsu zuwa Soviet ƙasa. Naushe na mu manyan bindigogi da kuma iska karfi gudanar fitar dakatar da ci gaba. A dauke da fitar da yaƙi Gastello bai bari daga wurin da kuma yakin ƙasa.

A lokacin yaki da makiya dako daukawa gas tank ya jirgin sama. A jirgin sama fashe a cikin harshen wuta. A halin da ake ciki shi ne, a gaskiya, m.

Kyaftin Gastello ku jefa kona mota. Ƙasa don duniya, da abokan adawar tashi kamar wuta tauraro mai wutsiya, ta jiragen sama. The wuta ya game da matukin jirgi. Amma da duniya ya kusa. Gastello idanu zafi daga harshen wuta, amma shi ba ya rufe su, da kuma babbake hannuwa har yanzu karfi. Hallaka jirgin sama har yanzu ɗã'a ga hannun wani mutuwa matukin jirgi.

A jirgin sama Gastello wedged a jari tankuna da kuma motoci, da kuma wani thunderous fashewa da dogon peals rends iska yaƙi: makiya tank zuwa fashewa. Kamar wancan ƙare da ransa - ba m bauta, ba ya karye, da kuma feat!

A kwanan wata gangara a tarihi

Mun tuna da yaushe kuma za ka tuna, kamar yadda aka kira shi da wani gwarzo - Captain Nikolai Gastello. A feat cewa ya yi, kwace da iyalinsa mijinta da kuma dansa, amma ya ba da Gida gwarzo da damar lashe.

Ƙwaƙwalwar zai kasance har abada aiki na wani mutum wanda ya ɗauki mutuwa, yin shi a m makami. Wannan taron ya faru a kan Yuli 3, ko da yake wannan da'awar ba zai iya zama mika wuyansu. Amma ya kan Yuli 3 - da ranar nuna a cikin labarin "Captain Gastello". Mafi m, wannan adadin da aka kira a cikin Soviet Information ofishin rahoton, wanda aka nuna a kan Yuli 5, daga loudspeakers. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa labarin a "Pravda" ya samu m martani da kuma feat Gastello aka sau da yawa amfani da wani misali na Soviet farfaganda. Nicholas ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan manyan kuma sanannen mazakuta samfurori. Ya feat zai har abada zama a cikin tarihin Great Patriotic War, kazalika yadu amfani da wani misali a lokacin da soja-m farfaganda ga manufar kafa matasa duniya, duka a cikin lokaci na yaki da farkisanci invaders, kuma a cikin postwar lokaci, har sai da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet.

Rank samu postmortem

A karshen Yuli 1942 kwamandan metan da bakwai dogon zangon-zirgar jiragen sama, rajimanti aka bayar da suna Hero na Tarayyar Soviet. Posthumously, da rashin alheri NF Gastello, a feat cewa zai rayu ta hanyar da zamanai, an gabatar da wannan lakabi.

Umurnin da Ministan Tsaro na Tarayyar Soviet Captain Nikolai Frantsevich har abada kunshe a cikin jerin daya daga cikin iska regiments. Na dogon lokaci da wannan taron da aka classified. Saboda haka, da ƙungiya, wanda hada da Skorobogatyy G. N., Kalinin AA, Burdenyuk AA, lokaci mai tsawo a cikin inuwar ya shahara kyaftin. Amma duk da wannan lambar yabo da aka bai ba kawai don N. Gastello. A feat aka cika da tawagar. A shekarar 1958, duk da matattu ma'aikatan jirgin da aka bayar da Order of Patriotic War na digiri. Posthumously.

"Gastellovtsy" - matukin jirgin sanya "rashin tsoro rago"

Ta hanyar kokarin Soviet farfaganda feat Nikolaya Gastello ya zama daya daga cikin mafi bikin a cikin tarihi na Great Patriotic War yaƙi, da kuma sunan da gwarzo - shahara. "Gastellovtsami" ya zama narekat wadanda matukan jirgin wanda ya maimaita feat Nicholas. Saboda haka wanda ya maimaita feat Gastello?

A cikin duka, a lokacin da yaki na 1941-1945. samar da ɗari biyar da tasa'in da biyar "gargajiya" iska da raguna, wato jirgin sama na jirgin sama. Ɗari biyar da shida da raguna jirgin sama ƙasa hari, teku goma sha shida da raguna, wannan lambar za a iya dangana da raguna teku surface da kuma bakin teku matukan jirgi Target maƙiyi, mutum ɗari da sittin da sulke da raguna.

Akwai daban-daban data a kan yawan raguna

Wajibi ne a lura da cewa a cikin kafofin akwai wasu sãɓã wa jũnamai game da yawan karo harin. Alal misali, a cikin labarin "The mabiya Nikolai Gastello" rahoto kawai game da goma sha huɗu nautical da kawai game da hamsin da biyu sulke ramming, ɗari biyar shida jirgin sama ƙasa ramming da manufa na ɗari shida na yanayi collisions.

A. D. Zaytsev a cikin littafinsa "Makamai karfi ruhu," ya bayyana yawan iska raguna a cikin adadin fiye da ɗari shida da ashirin. Bugu da kari, jirgin sama masana tarihi sun kammala da cewa: "takardunku nuna abokan gaba yana da fiye da ashirin da raguna, wanda sanya Soviet matukan jirgi maimaita feat Gastello. Matukan jirgin, har zuwa wannan lokaci ba a gano. '

Babu daidaito a kima na ainihin yawan "rashin tsoro da raguna." Alal misali, Yuri Ivanov, a kansa aikin "Kamikaze matukan jirgi - kunar" Notes da yawan collisions samar da Soviet matukan jirgi daga 1941 zuwa 1945, "game da ɗari uku da hamsin."

A karshen wannan sakin layi

Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa Soviet matukan jirgi rammed makiya sau da yawa. Ya kamata ya zama a kalla wajen domin lissafa abubuwan da babban Figures kunshe a cikin tarihi labarinsa na yaki da shekaru. Talatin da hudu matukin iska rago amfani da 2 sau, 4 matukin - Nikolai Terehin, Vladimir Matveev, Leonid Borisov, Alexei Khlobystov - 3 sau, kuma Boris Kovzan - 4 sau. Shi ne waɗanda suka maimaita feat Gastello, kafa wata manufa - a kowane farashi, har ma da farashin - da nasa rai, domin ceto kasar da kuma bayar da kyauta gaba ga wasu. Our kananan taimako ga wannan - su ci gaba da tunawa da waɗanda suke a yanzu godiya ga wannan irin rayuwa da muke da!