Bile acid. The aiki na bile acid. Biochemistry na hanta

A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, za mu gudanar a samu da yawa daga sabon bayani game da ta bile kuma acid. A wannan batun, ya zama dole gyaggyarawa da kuma fadada ideas game da muhimmancin ga aiki na mutum kwayoyin.

Aikin na bile acid. Overview

A m ci gaba da kuma kyautata gudanar da bincike hanyoyin sanya shi yiwuwa a bincika a cikin mafi daki-daki da bile acid. Alal misali, a can ne yanzu mafi fahimtar da metabolism na hulda da sunadarai, lipids, pigments da abun ciki a cikin tsokoki da kuma jiki ruwaye. Tabbatar da bayanai na nuna cewa bile acid ne na bayar da muhimmanci ba kawai ga al'ada aiki na gastrointestinal fili. Wadannan mahadi suna da hannu a cikin da yawa tafiyar matakai a cikin jiki. Yana da muhimmanci cewa aikace-aikace na latest bincike hanyoyin iya mafi daidai ƙayyade da hali na bile acid a cikin jini, kazalika da yadda za a yi wani tasiri a kan numfashi tsarin. Bugu da kari, wasu mahadi aiki a kan ta tsakiya m tsarin sassan. Shi ya tabbatar da muhimmanci a kwayuka membrane da waje tafiyar matakai. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa bile acid aiki a matsayin surfactants a ciki yanayi na wani kwayoyin.

tarihin asali

Wannan irin sinadaran mahadi Strecker masanin kimiyya gano a tsakiyar XIX karni. Ya gano cewa da bile na shanu yana da biyu Organic acid. A farko daya ƙunshi sulfur. A na biyu da ya ƙunshi wannan abu, duk da haka, yana da kaucewa daban-daban dabara. A kan aiwatar da narkewa daga wadannan sinadaran mahadi kafa cholic acid. A sakamakon canji na sama mahadi kafa glycerol. A daidai wannan lokaci, wani bile acid Forms mabanbanta abu. Shi ne ake kira taurine. A sakamakon haka, da farko biyu mahadi da aka sanya sunayen, wannan sunan samar abubuwa. Saboda haka akwai tauro- da glycocholic acid, bi da bi. Wannan samu na masana kimiyya ya ba da sabon impetus ga nazarin wannan aji na sinadaran mahadi.

Bile acid sequestrants

Wadannan abubuwa ne da wani rukuni na kwayoyi da cewa suna da wani hypolipidemic sakamako a kan jikin mutum. A cikin 'yan shekaru, suka yadu amfani ga ƙananan cholesterol a cikin jini. Yana yiwuwa a rage hadarin daban-daban zuciya da jijiyoyin jini pathologies da jijiyoyin zuciya cuta. A lokacin, ta zamani, magani ne yadu amfani da wata ƙungiya ta fi inganci da kwayoyi. Wadannan sia-ragewan kwayoyi ne statins. Suna amfani da yafi sau da yawa saboda m illa. A yanzu lokaci sequestering bile acid ana amfani da kasa akai-akai. Wani lokaci su ake amfani gabaɗaya a cikin tsarin na wani Hadakar kuma karin magani.

cikakken bayani

Steroid aji hada monokarbainovye hydroxy acid. Su aiki daskararru wanda ba narke a cikin ruwa. Wadannan acid ne sakamakon aiki na hanta cholesterol. A dabbobi masu shayarwa, da suka kunshi 24 carbon atoms. Abun da ke ciki rinjaye bile mahadi daban-daban a cikin daban-daban jinsin dabbobi. Wadannan iri tauholevuyu nunawa a cikin jiki da kuma glycolic acid. Chenodeoxycholic da cholic mahadi ciki a aji na farko. Ta yaya suke kafa? Wannan tsari yana da darajar hanta Biochemistry. Primary sadarwa haifar daga kira na cholesterol. Next, wani tsari na Tasrifu da taurine ko glycine. Sa'an nan wadannan iri acid da ake gittar da bile mugunya. Lithocholic da deoxycholic abu kunshe a cikin sakandare sadarwa. Suna kafa a manyan hanji daga primary acid a ƙarƙashin rinjayar gida kwayoyin. A kudi na sha na deoxycholic mahadi ne da yawa mafi girma fiye da na lithocholic. Sauran sakandare bile acid faruwa a sosai adadi kaɗan. Alal misali, wadannan sun hada da ursodeoxycholic. Idan akwai wani mai dagewa cholestasis, da mahadi ba a manyan lambobin. Average rabo daga cikin wadannan abubuwa - 3: 1. Duk da yake a cikin cholestasis bile acid abun ciki da yawa wuce. Micelles ne aggregates da kwayoyin. Suna kawai kafa a lokacin da taro na wadannan mahadi a cikin ruwa-ruwa bayani ya wuce iyaka lamba. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa bile acid ne surfactants.

cholesterol Features

Wannan abu ne talauci mai narkewa a cikin ruwa. A rabo daga yawa na sia da matauni lecithin taro da kuma acid solubility kudi dogara cholesterol a cikin bile. Mixed micelles faruwa ne kawai yayin da rike al'ada rabo daga dukkan wadannan abubuwa. Sun ƙunshi cholesterol. Precipitate lu'ulu'u shi ne batun disturbances wannan rabo. The aiki na bile acid ba iyakance ga kau na cholesterol daga jiki. Su taimaka wa sha na fats a cikin hanji. Micelles ma kafa a lokacin da wannan tsari.

Movement mahadi

Daya daga cikin manyan bile samuwar yanayi ne mai aiki motsi acid. Wadannan mahadi taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kai na Wutan da ruwa a cikin kananan da kuma babban hanji. Su ne m particulate al'amari. Su narkewa zafin jiki ne isasshe high. Bã su da wani m iyawa. Bile acid ne talauci mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, alhãli kuwa a cikin Alkali bayani da kuma barasa - kyau. Wadannan mahadi Kalam na cholanic acid. Duk da irin wannan acid faruwa na musamman a hepatocytes cholesterol.

sakamako

Babban muhimmancin cikin dukan acidic mahadi salts. Wannan shi ne saboda da dama kaddarorin wadannan kayayyakin. Alal misali, sun kasance mafi iyakacin duniya fiye da salts na free bile acid, da kananan size na iyakance taro na micelle samuwar kuma za secreted. A hanta ne kawai Gabar iya mayar cholesterol a cikin takamaiman cholanic acid. Wannan shi ne saboda enzymes cewa suna da hannu a Tasrifu, suna kunshe ne a cikin hepatocytes. Canza su aiki ne kai tsaye dogara a kan abun da ke ciki da kuma gudu oscillations hanta bile acid. A kira tsari ne kayyade inji korau feedback. Wannan yana nufin cewa da tsanani da wannan sabon abu ne dangantaka da na yanzu na sakandare bile acid a cikin hanta. Norma su kira a jikin mutum shi ne quite low - daga ɗari biyu zuwa uku da ɗari milligrams kowace rana.

babban ayyuka

Bile acid da mai fadi da kewayon makõma. A cikin jikin mutum, suka yafi gudanar da wani kira na cholesterol da shafi sha na fats daga hanji. Bugu da kari, da mahadi da hannu a cikin tsari da kuma biliary excretion na bile. Wadannan abubuwa ma da karfi da tasiri a aiwatar da narkewa da sha na lipids. Su gidajen abinci suna faruwa a cikin kananan hanji. A tsari faruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar monoglycerides da kuma free m acid, wanda suke m adibas a farfajiya. Kamar wancan kafa bakin ciki fim, wanda ya hana da gamuwa da kananan mai droplets a cikin mafi voluminous. Wannan ba wani karfi rage daga cikin surface tashin hankali. Wannan take kaiwa ga samuwar na micellar mafita. Su, bi da bi, sauƙaƙe mataki na pancreatic lipase. Tare da adipose dauki shi cleaves su zuwa glycerol, wanda aka kara tunawa hanji bango. Bile acid suna da alaka da m ba narke a cikin ruwa da kuma samar da holeinovye. Wadannan mahadi suna readily cleaved kuma suna hanzari tunawa via saman villi na kananan hanji. Holeinovye acid tuba zuwa micelles. Bugu da ari, suna tunawa a cikin Kwayoyin, warwarẽwarsu ga membranes a lokaci guda ba tare da wani matsala. Bayani da aka samu daga cikin latest bincike a cikin wannan yanki. Suna jayayya cewa dangantaka tsakanin kitsen da bile acid a cikin cell tsãgewar ƙwãyar. A farko ne karshen sakamakon sha na lipids. Past - ta hanyar da portal jannayẽnsa shigar da hanta da jini.