Karkatacciya hali da kuma ta daban. A Sanadin karkatacciya hali

Kowacce al'umma na da zamantakewa norms ko dokoki da wanda ya na zaune. Su za a iya kira da rasa rubutu dokokin da cewa daidai da yanayi na mutum hali a yanayi daban-daban. Gaza bada hašin kai wadannan halaye da aka dauke a matsayin zamantakewa sabawa, wanda kuma ake kira karkacewa. Wannan ra'ayi za a iya kyan gani, daga kusurwoyi mabambanta. Da farko, ko da yaushe ta karkace hali ~ a wa doka da kuma matsayin rinjaye a cikin al'umma. Amma bayan da cewa, ya dauke da wani zaman sabon abu da zai sami magana a duk siffofin taro mutum aiki da kuma ba ya cika tare da kafa dokoki na hali a bayan al'amuran.

Inda ya yi karatu karkatacciya hali da kuma ta daban? Social kimiyya - batun da cewa sassarfa dalibai tare da kimiyya bayani wannan zaman sabon abu.

Ainihin ra'ayi

Abin baƙin ciki, babu irin wannan al'umma, duk wanda mambobi zai bi general dokokin. Data kasance karkatacciya hali da kuma ta iri iya dauka da yawa siffofin. Saboda haka, mutane da halayya cuta sun hada da laifi kuma kwantata sufi, ascetics da kuma 'yan baiwa, tsarkaka da kuma sauransu. D.

Karkacẽwa hali ne da irin halayyar da cewa ba shi da yabo ga jama'a. A duk lokacin da akwai wani gwagwarmaya domin kawar da a ke so siffofin mutum aiki da su dako. A wannan yanayin, muna amfani da dama kayan aikin da dabarun da ta yi daidai da data kasance a cikin ƙasa zamantakewa da huldar cinikaiya, zamantakewa sani, kazalika da bukatun da hukuncin Elite.

Karkatacciya hali da kuma ta daban sun yaushe janyo hankalin da ban sha'awa da masu bincike.

Gudummawarta a cikin al'umma

Karkacẽwa hali ne mai hali irin tare da dual yanayi. A daya hannun, shi ya razana asarar tabbatar da zaman lafiya. A gefe - wannan kula da kwanciyar hankali. Ta yaya za a iya wannan za a bayyana? A nasara aiki na duk zaman Tsarin ne kawai zai yiwu yayin da tabbatar da tsari da kuma hasashen da na cikin hali na dukan 'yan al'umma. Kowane mutum ne da muhimmanci a san yadda za a nuna hali sauran mutane da kuma abin da irin halayyar da suke jira daga gare shi.

Duk da haka, akwai subculture a kowane al'umma. Suna da nasu dokoki na shiga rikici da yarda da halin kirki. Irin wannan sabawa an dauki wani rukuni da kuma wani lokacin taimakawa wajen kara raya al'umma.

Siffofin karkatacciya hali

Wani lokaci wani mutum ya warware da zamantakewa norms kawai daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Wannan hali da aka kira a matsayin farko karkacewa. Nau'i na biyu na Concepts - sakandare. A wannan yanayin, da mutum ya karbi wani iri karkatacciya, kuma yana jin cewa shi aka bi ba kamar yadda sauran mutane.

Karkatacciya hali ne ko da yaushe warware halin kirki norms da haka na iya zama duka mutum da na gama. A farko irin shi ne sau da yawa sabawa canza kama zuwa na biyu. Wannan ya faru mafi sau da yawa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar laifi subculture a kan waɗanda Categories mutane wanda suna predisposed zuwa yi karkatacciya ayyukan, wato, masu a hadarin.

Iri karkatacciya hali

rarrabe:

- delinkvetnye ayyuka da cewa suna da wani pronounced anti-zamantakewa fuskantarwa, wanda a da matsananci maganganu zama Final a yanayi.

- jaraba hali, da manufa shi ne ya janye daga gaskiya ta hanyar yin amfani da wani abu ko da} arfin kam a kan takamaiman ayyuka.

- patoharakterologicheskie ayyuka wanda ake sa ta pathological canje-canje a cikin halin, da ciwon wani wuri na ilimi lahani.

- psychopathological hali sakamakon shafi tunanin mutum da cuta.

- ayyuka dangane da mutum gipersposobnostyah, bayyana a cikin hazaka ko baiwa.

Karkatacciya hali da kuma ta iri iya samun dama daban-daban rarrabuwa. A dangane da su al'umma karkatacciya hali ne:

1. harkar amince. Suna bayyana a cikin irin wannan hali na mutum, wanda shi ne tabbatacce kuma da nufin a kawar da m matsayin. Matsayin mai mulkin, da irin wannan karkatacciya dangantawa da zamantakewa kerawa da kuma inganta harkokin ingantaccen canji dukan zamantakewa tsarin. Wani misali na wannan ne baiwa, mai kira nasarori, jaruntakar ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma shugabanci damar iya yin komai.

2. baruwan. Wannan karkatacciya hali ne da irin hali da ba ya haifar da wani kamfani na al'umma da kuma ba da taimako zuwa ta canji. Irin wannan karkatacciya ayyuka sun hada da eccentricity, kuma eccentricity, da marmarin mamaki kowa da kowa tare da demeanor da tufafi form.

3. Social basu amince. Irin wannan halayya zai warware da kuma disorganize da zamantakewa tsarin.

Yana Bears fasali na negativity da dysfunctional. Irin wannan karkatacciya ayyuka detrimental ga jama'a. Wadannan sun hada da wani iri-iri na munanan, kawo lahani ga mutane da kuma mutuntakarsa. Suna bayyana a cikin wani nau'i na iri-iri na ba bisa doka ba, m da kuma aikata miyagun laifuka, kazalika da shan barasa, shan kwayoyi, kunar bakin wake, da dai sauransu Saboda haka, to harkar basu amince hada da wadannan iri karkatacciya hali: .. jaraba, delinquent.

Typology na Robert Merton

A ra'ayi na karkatacciya hali tare da girmamawa. Alal misali, mãsu laifi imani da cewa damfarar - yana da wata al'ada irin albashi. Duk da haka, domin mafi yawan jama'a irin wannan hali ne ta karkace. Haka ya shafi wasu iri zamantakewa ayyuka. Wasu daga cikin su suna dauke karkatacciya, da sauransu - ba.

A zamani da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a suna dauke da mafi gane iri, iri karkatacciya hali, classified by Robert Merton. A ra'ayoyi na Concepts ya kasance a cikin layi tare da ra'ayoyi da wannan tsari shi halaka asali abubuwa na al'adu, ciki har da halayyarsu. Bisa ga wannan Merton gano hudu iri sabawa, wanda sun hada da:

1. Innovation. Wannan irin hali ya shafi yarda da sauran manufofin da kamfanin, amma negation daga cikin hanyoyin soma cimma su. Domin firtsi hada da karuwai da kuma blackmailers, babban malamai da kafa kudi pyramids.

2. ritualism. Wannan hali ne saboda wani musu da muhimman hakkokin raga na al'umma da kuma Wauta na aiwatar don cimma su. An misali ne bureaucrat. The hukuma ta bukaci da hankali cika da wani daftarin aiki, ta maimaita tabbaci, jawo sama a hudu kofe, da dai sauransu Wannan irin kuskure batun - .. The manufa.

3. Retretizm. Yana ba da sauran, a matsayin gudun hijira daga yanzu gaskiya. Wannan irin sabawa da aka bayyana a cikin da kin amincewa ba ne kawai na harkar muhimmanci a raga, amma kuma a kan hanyoyin da talakawa mutane sun isa. Wannan irin hali ne da halayyar miyagun ƙwayoyi addicts, shan barasa, da kuma bums t. D.

4. tawaye. Wannan hali negates nufi da hanyoyin samuwa a cikin al'umma. 'Yan tawayen neman maye gurbin su da sababbi. A karin misalin wannan - yunkuri.

A tasowa nau'ukanta Merton jaddada cewa, karkatacciya hali da kuma ta iri ne ba da samfurin cewa nuna wani cikakken korau hali zuwa kullum yarda da nagartacce. Bayan duk, barawo ba ya kãfirta game da burin na al'umma, a matsayin abu alheri. A bureaucrat ayyuka ba muwafaka da kullum yarda da dokokin aiki. A wannan yanayin, akwai na zahiri biya, har ya zuwa batu na Wauta. Amma a lokaci guda kuma bureaucrat, da barawo ne deviants.

Babban Sanadin karkatacciya hali

Bayani na karkatacciya mamaki za a iya kafa. Don gane shi wajibi ne su san abin da ke karkatacciya iri hali. Kuma dalilin da a wannan yanayin zai zama da sauƙin gane. Alal misali, propensity zuwa shan barasa da miyagun ƙwayoyi buri, kazalika da shafi tunanin mutum da cuta ba saboda zaman jama'a da kuma nazarin halittu dalilai. Bayan duk wadannan korau mamaki sau da yawa daukar kwayar cutar wa yara ta iyayensu.

A ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, akwai inda da dama, bisa ga abin da, da kuma bayyana dalilan da suka karkace hali. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne gaban irin wannan jiha al'umma a wadda tsohuwar dabi'u da kuma halaye sun zo a cikin rikici tare da data kasance dangantakar, da kuma sabon tukuna. A wannan yanayin, a cikin hanyar karkatacciya hali ne da saba a raga, wadda aka sa a gaba ta hanyar jama'a, da kuma albarkatun da suke da samuwa a cimma su.

marginalization

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin dalilan da sabawa, halin da fashewa a zaman jama'a a tsakaninsu. Mafi na kowa zaɓi ne na farko rata na tattalin arziki a tsakaninsu. Bayan da zamantakewa sadarwa suna rasa, kuma a cikin na gaba lokaci - ruhaniya.

A halayyar alama ne akan rage m tube zamantakewa da bukatun da kuma tsammanin. Kamar wancan akwai wani karin m na masana'antu, iyali da kuma rai na ruhaniya.

zaman jama'a Pathology

Wannan shi ne wani category na dalilai domin korau hali. Ta yana da dangantaka ta kusa da mamaki kamar miyagun ƙwayoyi buri da kuma shan barasa, karuwa a yawan shafi tunanin mutum da cututtuka da kuma tabarbarewar kwayoyin stock daga cikin 'yan al'umma.

Rokon da vagrancy

Wannan hali ne da wani musamman hanyarsa ta rayuwa. Its babban dalilin ne ƙi ya dauki bangare a cikin aikin domin amfanin al'umma da kuma bin unearned samun kudin shiga.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa rokon da vagrancy a 'yan shekarun nan an yadu watsa. Duk da haka, jama'a ta kokarin magance wannan harkar m sabon abu. Domin sau da yawa irin wannan mutum ya yi aiki a matsayin shamaki ba a sayar da magungunan, kazalika da aikata sata da kuma wasu laifuffukan.

addiction

Sau da yawa sa korau hali zama so su kauce wa data kasance ciki da rashin jin daɗi, kazalika da canza nasu zamantakewa da hankulansu jihar, wanda aka bayyana da ciki jayayya da intrapersonal rikice-rikice. Duk wannan shi ne jaraba ayyuka. Irin wannan hanya ana zaba ta hanyar waɗanda ba su yi doka yiwuwar ga kai-dadada rai, da wanda individuality aka mur saboda da matsayi rinjaye a cikin al'umma, da kuma na sirri bukatun consistently katange.

Irin wadannan mutane ba zai iya zama mai sana'a da kuma canza su data kasance zamantakewa matsayi amfani istinbadi tashoshi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa suka yi imani da kullum yarda norms na al'umma zãlunci kuma m.

Musamman korau hali

A cikin zamani al'umma, karkatacciya hali, mafi kuma mafi zama m, kuma m. Babban bambancin dake tsakanin wani hali na mai kasada ne dogaro a kan kwarewa da kuma ba su yi imani a cikin hatsari ko makoma. Wannan shi ne wani shiri da akayi zabi da mutum, da wanda ya iya zama da kai-dadada rai, da kai-yardarsa da kai-actualization.

Karkatacciya hali na matasa

A zamani al'umma, da ainihin matsalar da yaro sakaci, shan kwayoyi da aikata laifuka. A wannan batun, akwai girma a cikin yawan matasa tare da karkatacciya hali. Wannan karkacewa a cikin hali na yara ne sakamakon siyasa, zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da kuma muhalli da rashin zaman lafiya, da girma da tasiri na na karya-al'adu, wani canji a cikin data kasance darajar da wasu rubuce da matasa hasara a cikin iyali da kuma cikin gida Sphere, da rashin kula da cewa shi ne sakamako na dindindin aikin na iyaye, da annoba saki da kuma shortcomings a cikin aikin makarantu.

The main iri karkatacciya hali tsakanin matasa, a matsayin mai mulkin, an bayyana a cikin wannan siffofin da jaraba, autoagressive (kunar bakin wake) da kuma geteroagressivnaya.

Abin da sun fi na kowa dalilai na korau hali na matasa? Suna da aka jera kamar haka:

1. Wrong tsari ilimi. Wannan shi ne yawanci a matashi da rayuwa a cikin wuya iyali. A idanunsa akwai rikice-rikice tsakanin iyaye, wanda ba su da sha'awar a ciki duniya. Wani lokacin da matsala da aka quite warai boye. Kuma shi ke samuwa ne kawai bayan da matashi ya fara tsayawa daga wa korau hali.

2. Halittu dalilai. Daga cikin wadannan dalilai da aka kasaftawa gadar hali, wanda rage aiki na m sunadaran da kuma Na'urar iyaka aiki mutum. Wannan factor ne iya bayyana kanta a shafi tunanin mutum da kasawa, gādon mahaukaci siffofin a cikin hali, kazalika da irin wannan mummunan mamaki kamar shan barasa. Bugu da kari, matasa da karkatacciya hali ya bayyana kasawarmu, na kwakwalwa Kwayoyin, wanda ya zama wani sakamako na wasu tsanani cututtuka, wanda aka canjawa wuri zuwa gare su a wani wuri shekaru. A dalilai hada da irin da kuma nazarin halittu alama na samartaka. A wannan zamani da mutum ya zo da m girma da kwayoyin yana farawa da yana zuwa karshen mafarki, kazalika da inganta aiki na da yawa gabobin da kuma tsarin, ciki har da tsakiya m tsarin.

3. shafi tunanin mutum dalilai. A samartaka ƙare da kuma samuwar wani hali na mutumin da. Take hakki na wannan tsari wani lokacin haifar da munanan characterological halayen da ta wuce norms yarda a cikin al'umma. Daga cikin su akwai wadannan: aiki zanga-zanga (fitina da kuma roughness). m zanga-zanga (barin gida). aiki nesantar mutum lamba. kwaikwayo ko kwaikwayo na cikin hali na wasu. ya karu so for kai-tabbatarwa a kan tushen da musu na babban jami'in kwarewa; overcompensation (m ayyuka) a matsayin tsaron gida dauki, masking kasawan hali.

Saboda haka, mun gani, karkatacciya hali da kuma dalilai da suka haddasa shi.