Babban ƙwayar wuta: Jerin

Mene ne dutsen tsawa? Kogi mai laushi mai laushi, ya kumbura daga ƙasƙan duniya, kuma a lokaci guda girgije na ash, zafi mai zafi. Wannan wasan kwaikwayo, ba shakka, mai ban sha'awa, amma daga ina ya fito? Wace manyan tsaunuka suke a duniya? A ina aka samo su?

Asali da kuma irin wutar lantarki

A ƙarƙashin kwanciyar hankali na ɓawon ƙwayar ƙasa akwai magma - abun da aka ƙera mai girma da zafin jiki da kuma ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. Maganin magma yana dauke da ma'adanai, ruwa mai laushi da gas. Lokacin da matsin ya zama mai girma, gases na tura magma zuwa sama ta wurin raunin kasawan ɓawon duniya. Kasashen saman duniya sun tashi a matsayin dutse, kuma a ƙarshen magma ya fita.

An kira magma magudin sosai, kuma dutsen tuddai da rami shi ne dutsen mai fitattun wuta. Rushewar yana tare da saki ash da tururi. Saurin motsa a cikin gudun fiye da 40 km / h, tare da zafin jiki na kimanin digiri Celsius 1000. Dangane da yanayin tsautsayi da kuma haɗuwa tare da abubuwan da suka faru, dutsen tsaunuka sun kasu kashi iri iri. Misali, Hausa, Plinian, Firayi da sauransu.

Yayinda yake kwarara, tasa yana da kyauta kuma an kafa shi da yadudduka, samar da siffar dutsen mai fitattun wuta. Saboda haka, akwai fitattun wuta mai siffar siffofi, mai shingewa, mai laushi, mai laushi ko layi, kuma maɗaurar siffar. Bugu da ƙari, suna rarraba zuwa aiki, barci da ƙarewa, dangane da digiri na aiki na ɓarna.

Manyan manyan tsaunuka na duniya

Worldwide, akwai kimanin 540 aiki volcanoes, da yawan dadaddun more. Dukkanin su suna samuwa ne a cikin Pacific, Gabashin Afrika, yankunan da ke yankin Rum. A mafi girma aiki ne da aka nuna a wasu sassa na Kudu da kuma Amurka ta tsakiya, Kamchatka, Japan, da Aleutian Islands, a Iceland.

Sai kawai a cikin belin bel akwai 330 masu tayin wutar lantarki. Ƙananan hasken wuta suna cikin Andes, a kan tsibirin Asia. A Afrika, mafi girma shine Kilimanjaro, dake Tanzaniya. Wannan mummunan wutar lantarki mai tasowa zai iya tashi a kowane lokaci. Tsayinta yana da mita 5895.

Kwangiyoyi biyu na duniya suna samuwa a ƙasar Chile da Argentina. An dauke su ne mafi girma a duniya. Ojos del Salado ba shi da wata ƙarewa, tarinsa ya faru a 700 AD, ko da yake wasu lokuta sukan sa steam da sulfur. An yi la'akari da Ljuljajljako na Argentine aiki, a lokacin da aka rushe a 1877 kawai.

Mafi yawan duniyar duniyar duniya ana wakilta a teburin.

Fiery Ring of Pacific

Ruwa na Pacific ya ɓoye littattafai uku lithospheric. Su m gefuna tafi karkashin lithospheric faranti nahiyoyi. A duk faɗin wuraren wannan ƙungiya ita ce Ƙungiyar Wuta ta Wuta ta Tsakiya - ƙananan ƙananan tsaunuka, mafi yawa daga cikinsu suna aiki.

Ƙungiyar wuta ta fara daga Antarctica, ta wuce ta New Zealand, tsibirin Philippines, Japan, da Kuriles, Kamchatka, sun haɗu a fadin Pacific Coast na Amurka. A wasu wurare, ringin ya tsage, misali a kusa da tsibirin Vancouver da California.

Ƙananan tuddai na bel bel sun kasance a cikin Andes (Orizabo, San Pedro, Misti, Cotopaxi), Sumatra (Kerinci), Ross Island (Erebus), Java (Sakamakon). Daya daga cikin shahararru - Fujiyama - yana a tsibirin Honshu. A cikin Yankin Sunda ne ƙwarƙolin tsaunuka na Krakatau.

Asalin volcano ne tarin tsibirin Islands. Mafi girma dutsen tsaunuka shine Mauna Loa tare da cikakken girman mita 4,169. Bisa ga girman dangi, dutse ya wuce Mount Everest kuma an dauke shi mafi girma a duniya, wannan darajar tana da mita 10 168.

Bahar Rum

Yankuna masu tuddai na arewa maso yammacin Afirka, kudancin Turai, da Rumunan, Caucasus, Asia Minor, Indochina, Tibet, Indiya da kuma Himalayas sun zama madogarar ruwa na Rum. Akwai matakai masu aiki na aiki, daya daga cikin abubuwan da suke nunawa shine volcanism.

Harshen wutar lantarki mafi girma daga ƙauyen Bahar Rum sune Vesuvius, Santorini (Sea Aegean) da Etna a Italiya, Elbrus da Kazbek a Caucasus, Ararat a Turkey. Italiyanci Vesuvius ya ƙunshi koguna guda uku. Daga karfinsa mai karfi a karni na farko na zamaninmu, birane na Herculaneum, Pompeii, Stabia, Oplontia sun sha wahala. A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar wannan bikin Karl Bryullov ya rubuta shahararren zane "Ranar Lahira ta Pompeii".

Stratovulkan Ararat shi ne mafi girman matsayi na Turkiyya da Armenia Highland. Ya ƙare na karshe ya faru a 1840. An haɗu da girgizar asa gaba daya ta lalata ƙauyen da ƙauyuka. Ararat, kamar Caucasian Kazbek, ya ƙunshi koguna guda biyu da ke rarraba sadarwar.

Babban tsaunuka na Rasha (jerin)

A ƙasashen Rasha, dutsen tsaunuka suna cikin Kurile, Kamchatka, Caucasus da Transbaikal. Suna da kimanin kashi 8.5% na dukkan tsaunuka a duniya. Yawancin su ana ganin ba su da komai, koda yake an yi ba da suna ba a 1956 da Cibiyar Ilimin Kimiyya a shekarar 1997 sun tabbatar da dangantakar wannan lokaci.

Mafi yawan hasken wuta suna Kamchatka da Kuril Islands. A mafi girma a cikin dukan na Eurasia (ciki har da data kasance wadanda) yana dauke Klyuchevskaya Sopka (4835 mita). An rubuta rushewar karshe a 2013. A cikin yankunan Primorsky da Khabarovsk akwai ƙananan tsaunuka. Alal misali, tsawo na Baranowski shine mita 160. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, Berg (2005), Ebeko (2010), Chikurachki (2008), Kizimen (2013), da sauransu sunyi aiki a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.

Mafi yawan hasken wuta na Rasha suna wakilci a teburin.

Kammalawa

Harshen wuta ne sakamakon matakan aiki wanda ke faruwa a duniyar mu. Suna kafa a cikin zafi spots ɓawon burodi, inda haushi ba zai iya tsayayya da matsa lamba na kai hari da kuma high yanayin zafi. Hakan zai haifar da mummunar haɗari, kamar yadda suke tare da iskar ash, gas, sulfur cikin yanayin.

Abubuwa masu haɗuwa da ɓarna suna sau da yawa girgizar asa da kuma kuskure. Ruwa mai gudana yana da irin wannan zafin jiki wanda yake aiki a kan kwayoyin halittu.

Duk da haka, baya ga mummunan tasiri na dutsen tsaunuka kuma suna da mummunan sakamako. Lava, wadda ba ta zo ba, za ta iya tayar da kankara, ta zama duwatsu. A saboda abin da na shigowa da wani karkashin ruwa mai aman wuta a Iceland ya zama tsibirin Surtsey.