Aviation tarihi da kuma ci gaba. Famous jirgin sama designers

Tunanin zamani duniya ba tare da jirage da kuma flights ba zai yiwu ba. Kasancewa daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci dukiya daga cikin qirqire-qirqire na mutãne, da jirgin sama da aka haife godiya ga m adam sha'awar da fuka-fuki a baya ta. Lalle ne, mu da kakanninmu mafarki soar. Admiring tsuntsaye da kuma makamai mĩƙaƙƙu, su gabatar da kansu tare da su. Ko wani yaro da gaske ya gaskata da wanzuwar dama Flying na'urorin, da gaske m da heroes of tatsuniyoyi. Dreams zo gaskiya kawai bayan Millennium - a lokacin da akwai isasshen adadin kimiyya da ilmi ba. The kwarewa tsiwirwirinsu a cikin shakka daga wani jam'i na samu nasara da aka sanya da mahalicci da duniya ta farko da jirgin sama da kuma da magabata, shi ne amfani a cikin rana.

Ornithopter farko hanya

A cikin XV karni, Leonardo Vinci hakikance cewa, wani mutumin shawo iska juriya, yana da m don tashi a cikin iska. Don taimake shi a cikin wannan zai zama babbar fuka-fuki. Lissafi da kuma cikakken nazari na tsuntsu ta jirgin ya kai shi ga ra'ayin samar da irin wannan na'urar a matsayin glider. Leonardo Vinci kokarin aiwatar da ra'ayin, wanda wahayi ya saba mazari.

Gaskiyar cewa iska yanayi ne sau da yawa ake kira "biyar teku", ji da mutane da yawa, amma da bayani wannan kaifin epithet ba zai iya bayar da dukan kõme. A tarihin aeronautics da kuma jirgin sama ya ambaci cewa, daga cikin masu goyon baya da suke so su cinye unknown sararin samaniyar, akwai mutane da yawa shugabannin sojan ruwa tasoshin. Zai yiwu su ne okin su koyi da unexplored sarari, amma jefa mayar da romance, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa jirgin yana da girman saninsa na hadaddun fasaha na'urorin iya sarrafa manyan frigates. Idan dole, za ka iya kafa ko gina wani sabon jirgin ba tare da wahala. Saboda haka, da gwaninta na sana'a matuƙan amfani a aiwatar da samar da farko kai-propelled kashe ƙasa na'urorin.

Modern yakin da kuma soja jirgin sama, wanda tarihi ne mai arziki a cikin wani iri-iri na gwaje-gwajen, tafi, ta hanyar ji na sha'awa da kuma takaici, asarar rai da kuma bude sama da sabuwar dama.

Bayyanar da farko gliders

A farkon karni XIX akwai na farko ba-Powered gliders. Koyi da tsuntsaye, da? Ir ya ba da halittu irin wannan siffar. Duk da haka, da farko jirgin sama sami ikon samun da qafafunku a yi amfani da, saboda sha'awar karba m for lokacin da sabuwar dabara aka ba lashe tare da nasara.

Sun tura kashe wani dutse, birgima saukar daga tsaunuka, suka fashe da taimako na dawakai, amma, komai kokarin yin halitta, sun kasance iya zama mawallafa na farko kammala aikin a cikin iska don yin tarihi, wanda daga baya ya samu sunan "jirgin sama".

Tarihi ya ambaci a 1857 na farko ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa Jean-Marie Les Brie, suka gudanar don ya dauke da glider a cikin sama, watse mita 100 tsawo. "Albatross" (don haka ya kira fasaha mamaki), dangane da iska shugabanci da kuma yawa daga cikin iska talakawa, ya tashi game da mita 200.

nasarar Mozhaiskogo

Rasha jirgin sama zai iya zama girman kai na gaskiya cewa admiral na rundunar da sarki ya iya yi da farko jirgin sama sanye take da wani tururi engine, wanda ya karya daga surface na duniya tare da occupants mutum. Mahalicci ya ba shi mai alamar sunan - "vozduholetatelny harsashi." Girma na zamani burge jirgin sama: reshe tsawon shi ne game da 24 mita, da fuselage ne game da 15 mita. Aleksandr Mozhaysky - mahaliccin duniya na farko da jirgin sama - bai iya gama aiki. Amma ta ci gaba da zama muhimman hakkokin to nan gaba cigaban aeronautics.

The abin yabo na American Wright 'yan'uwa

Foreseeing da kusanci na nasara, mafi kyau? Ir a duniya dõgara a kan kwarewa da suka gabata discoverers. Ba tare da ragewan da makamai da kuma a cikin m search daga cikin mafi kyau ra'ayoyin, da suka yi kokarin haifar da tashi inji m da kuma amincewa da wajibcin ta samar da karin iko engine. Duk da haka, da gudanar da winged mamaki na'urar ne ba duka. Babban burin shi ne kawai don tashi. Irin ƙarshe kudin rayuwar Otto Lilienthal. A 1896, ya glider ya juya kan daga tasirin kaifi iska tashin iska, da kuma injin ya fado daga wani tsawo. Saboda haka, hankali ya kamata a biya ba kawai da sanannen da jirgin sama, amma kuma wadanda suke iya yi biyayya da farko jirgin sama.

Bratya Rayt,? Ir of America, sun iya Master da muhimman dabarun da piloting kuma rike da ma'auni na jirgin sama fit a cikin iska tashar jiragen ruwa. A amfani da zane ya da kwari engine cewa gudanar a kan fetur. Duk da cewa jirgin ya ɗauko kadan kama zuwa zamani da jirgin sama, a maimakon haka, wannan yana kama da mai tashi whatnot, shi auna game da 300 kg. A farkon da XX karni, na farko nasara gwajin na "mai tafiyan jirgin sama". Zauna a cikin iska 12 seconds, Bratya Rayt aka bai wa kore haske ga wani mutum ya magance a cikin sama.

Aviation a Rasha: farkon karni XX

A na gaba 'yan shekaru, dukan duniya da aka girgiza da nasarar da Amirkawa, don haka da cewa hanyar ta ci gaba da ci gaba da jirgin sama. Tarihi ya ambata walƙiya Adadin labarai, fina-finan da harbe manyan mukaman sadarwarka bird's-ido view, wasu littattafai na musamman kishin jirgin sama nasarori. Duk da haka, da farko gwajin na Aeronautical inji rightfully kira daredevils. Rasha da jirgin sama, bisa ga wakilan, ya m, kuma m aiki. Alal misali, a san articles na matukin jirgin lokaci, Boris Rossinsky ne ba makala da kuma tunanin da flights. Daga cikin m lokacin a lokacin da jirgin ya musamman ya tuna da shan taba man fetur. Smoky, acrid hayaki sanya shi yiwuwa numfasawa sosai, don haka da cewa matukin jirgin ya daga lokaci zuwa lokaci tambaya ga hanci ammonia.

Bugu da ƙari, cikin rashin birki Aviator tilasta tsalle daga cikin taksi kan tafi.

Samar da Sikorsky - Rasha gwarzo

Tun da ƙaddamar da American "mai tafiyan jirgin sama" ya dauki shekaru da dama, da kuma a cikin ƙasa na Rasha Empire da m samar da tashi inji An kafa a wani babban matakin. Sa'an nan kuma akwai na farko fasinja jirgin sama, wanda shi ne mahaliccin Igor Sikorsky. Cikakken conforming to tarihi sunan, "Ilya Muromets" ya da wata katuwar daga takwarorina. Bugu da kari, ciki sãɓã wa jũna unprecedented yau, iyalinsu yanayi: mahara dakuna kwana, samuwan bayan gida da kuma gidan wanka, wutar lantarki da kuma dumama. Its farko m gwajin "Ilya Muromets" da aka gudanar a cikin hunturu na shekarar 1914. Goma sha shida fasinjoji da wani kare a kan jirgin samu mai yawa motsin zuciyarmu daga jirgin, bayan da jirgin sama ya yi nasara saukowa. Bayan wata shida, a dadi aircrafts ya dauka a kan rawar da kai harin da shan kashi a yakin duniya na farko.

Record kewayon Tupoleva

Almara Ant-25 da aka located a cikin Chkalovsky gidan kayan gargajiya rumfar ajiye jiragen sama. Da zarar jirgin sama da aka birge da kuma recognizable godiya ga babbar mulufi fuka-fuki. Babban Rasha jirgin sama zanen Andrei kirar Tupolev aka bayar yawa awards ga gagarumin taimako ga ci gaban jirgin sama.

Valery Chkalov, sanannen Soviet matukan jirgi a 1937 sun iya kafa wannan naúrar a real nesa rikodin. Daga bisani, da tururuwa-25 sayi kawai irin na biyu sunan. Daga Moscow zuwa Vancouver nesa ne game 8500 kilomita, kuma brainchild na kirar Tupolev jirgin sama ya iya shawo kan shi a wannan numfashi.

Air tank IL2

Il-2 ya zama shahararren lokacin yakin duniya na II. Ya kasance da ta'addanci na Nazis, kamar yadda shi ne babban iska tsaro na Soviet sojoji a yakin shafin. Rufe da rundunõninsa da bindigogi, inji bindigogi da kuma roka, ya jagoranci rundunar sojojin gaba. Daya daga ta fili abũbuwan amfãni wani karfi da makamai, wanda damar mayakan zuwa fend kashe kai hare hare maƙiyi Jamus. Godiya ga ikon da jirgin sama a cikin adadin da batun rinjãya a kan sauran Martial takwarorinsu.

Suna fadin U-2

By da forties na XX karni a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya cikin manyan jirgin sama zanen halitta m fama da jirgin sama, amma ba kawai don su amince da kariya na Soviet sama.

Tare da su halarci fama tashi inji wanda aka yi nufi ga m dalilai. Daga cikin su da wuri na girmamawa dauki U-2. Wannan fadin horo jirgin sama da biyu kujeru, ya sosai ba whimsical yi amfani da iya kasa ne aka yi nufi da wannan manufa. Bugu da kari, da jirgin sama da aka nuna godiya ga ta maneuverability da tihost. Wannan yarda soja matuka kusan noiselessly creep da abokan gaba a cikin duhu da kuma amfani da duka.

Bambanta da kansu a cikin yaƙi, a 1943, da U-2 ya karbi insignia da wani sabon sunan. A girmamawa Nikolai Polikarpov, sanannen jirgin sama, dukan Soviet sarari, an sake masa suna cikin Po-2.

ƙarshe

Multi-faceted jirgin sama tarihi wanda yana da har yanzu da yawa daga mai kyau misalai da kuma tunani kayayyaki, ciki har da mafi kyau dagawa, farar hula jirgin sama da kuma jiragen saman yaki.
Ba za mu iya ce game da m jirgin sama Tu-144 1968 shekara, da jirgin saman soja jet MiG-25 sarari jirgin sama "Columbia" da "Buran". An muhimmanci nasara shi ne yin amfani da irin wannan manufar kayan aikin kamar drones.

Idan wani mutum ya yi mafarki da zarar inda ya tashi, da marmarin maimaita shi a hakikanin rai ba bar shi har abada. Za ka iya cika da mafarki na kawai da kasancewa wani fasinja a jirgin sama, ko samun wani dace da ilimi, don ci gaba da zama a cikin kwalkwali, ko zama mai girma jirgin sama zanen.