Actor Fyodor Volkov: Halitta, Hadawa

An kira shi "direba na rayuwar zamantakewa," "mahaifin gidan wasan kwaikwayon na Rasha," kuma an sanya sunansa a matsayin matakin MV Lomonosov.

Tarihin Fedor Volkov

Fedor Grigoryevich Volkov ya haife shi a wani karamin gari na Kostroma. Shi dan zuriyar dangi ne. Mahaifin mai wasan kwaikwayo na gaba ya mutu lokacin da yake yaro. Bayan rasuwarsa, mahaifiyarsa (Matryona Yakovlevna) ta fara fahimtar matata na gaba kuma ta sake yin aure, bayan haka dukan iyalin suka zauna a Yaroslavl. Fedor Polushkin (Fyodor yaro) dan kasuwa ne da kuma mallakar masana'antu da yawa.

Horo

Yaron ya karanta karatun littafi daga wani fastocin yankin kuma ya riga ya nuna kwarewarsa a wasu fannoni. Volkov a lokacin da ya tsufa ya fara taimaka wa mahaifinsa a harkokin kasuwanci. A game da wannan, yaro ya fara yin sanarwa da St. Petersburg da wuri. A nan ya fara kallon wasan kwaikwayon Italiya, ayyukan wasan Jamus da wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha. Da yake lura da yadda yaron ya kasance da hankali da kuma iyawarsa, Polushkin ya yanke shawara ya zama mai bin Fedor da kuma ci gaba da hanyar rayuwarsa. Harkokin zumunta a cikin iyali sun ci gaba sosai, kuma Fyodor Polushkin ya karbi bawan kawai ba, amma kuma 'yan'uwansa.

Don ci gaba da horo Volkova aka aika zuwa Moscow, zuwa makarantar kimiyya. A nan ya koyi Dokar Allah, harshen Jamus, da kuma ilimin lissafi. Yaron yana da karfin gaske don ya koyi harsuna, kuma ya fahimci Jamus sosai. Tuni a wannan lokacin Fedor tare da farin ciki ya shiga cikin ayyukan wasan kwaikwayon da aka gudanar a makarantar. Ya buga tsarkaka a wasan kwaikwayo, tarurruka da bala'i. Yaron ya bambanta daga abokansa ba kawai tare da basirarsa ba, amma tare da tunaninsa da tunaninsa, ikonsa na canza sauƙi.

Lokacin da Fyodor Volkov ya juya 17, Polushkin ya yanke shawara ya aika da yaro don nazarin lissafi da cinikayya. Fedor Volkov ya je St. Petersburg kuma ya tsaya a can a ofishin Jamus. A nan ne saurayi ya ƙaunaci gidan wasan kwaikwayo kuma yana da sha'awar buɗe gidan wasan kwaikwayon a mahaifarsa - a Yaroslavl, inda zai iya aiwatar da ayyukan kamfanonin Rasha. Petersburg tare da gine-gine ya taimaka wajen samun dandano da kuma kyakkyawan kyan gani. A nan Volkov yayi zane, samfurin da zane, wanda daga baya zai zama tushen gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya gina. Actor Fyodor Volkov, wanda hotunansa zai iya ganinsa a cikin wannan abu, ya rigaya baiyi tunanin makomarsa ba tare da kwarewa ba. Kuma ya faru.

Sakamakon farko

Actor Fyodor Volkov (wanda aka haifi ranar Fabrairu 20, 1729) yana da shekara 19 yana barin ba tare da goyon bayan mahaifinsa ba - mahaifinsa ya mutu. A cikin gado Polushkin ya bar yaro zuwa kamfanoninsa. Bayan rajista na dukiya da kuma karɓar 'yancin kai na kudi Fedor Volkov ya fi karfin wasan kwaikwayo. Ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayon tare da abokansa, yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin sito, inda aka ajiye kayayyaki a baya. A Yuni 1950, aka sake buga wasanni guda biyu, wanda Volkov kansa ya ƙunshi kida (Esther da Eumont da Berfa). Mazauna mazauna sun gamsu da kwarewar matasa, kuma nan da nan Fyodor ya jagoranci samun abokan aiki a cikin manyan al'umma. Mawallafin Musin-Pushkin da maigidan Mikey suna ba da mambobi ne na duniyar sama don taimakawa ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na farko da kuma tallafa musu da sha'awar gina gidan wasan kwaikwayon inda dukkan mazaunan garin zasu iya amfani da lokaci don jin dadi.

Fedor Volkov: wasan kwaikwayo kamar yadda ake yi da mafarki

A farkon 1751 an bude gidan wasan kwaikwayo, inda suka gabatar da opera "Titovo rahama", wanda Volkov ya fassara daga harshen Italiyanci. A gidan wasan kwaikwayo, an buga yawan wasan kwaikwayo, sannan daga bisani manyan masu fasaha sunyi aiki karkashin jagorancin Fyodor Volkov.

Fame

Kwanan gidan wasan kwaikwayon birnin Yaroslavl yayi girma kowace rana kuma ba da daɗewa ba daukakar ta kai ga daukan kanta. A wannan lokaci, buƙatar ƙirƙirar wasan kwaikwayo na jihar yana girma, wanda ya haɗa da yiwuwar kara girma da ƙasa da kuma fitowar wani ƙasashen Turai na zamani. Elizaveta Petrovna so tabbata ga duk idanu. A farkon shekara ta 1952, Fedor Volkov ya taba yin wasanni a St. Petersburg. A kotu an buga wasan kwaikwayo "A kan Saurin Mutumin Mutum", ƙaddarar "Khorev", "Sinav da Truvor", "Hamlet" da sauransu. Don bari da Empress wasan kwaikwayo bai so, kuma Volkov da sauri ya zama wata kotu artist kuma ya taka leda a kan sana'a mataki. Fyodor ya kasance a kan mataki (mafi kyawun masu kyauta) da aka aika su yi nazari a cikin 'yan bindigar, tare da sauran - koma gidajensu tare da lada. Har ila yau, ba a manta da 'yan'uwan Volkov ba, nan da nan an nemi su a horo a Cadet Corps a birnin St. Petersburg.

Taron horo a cikin ginin ya wuce ta hanyar ingantaccen shirin, an koyar da 'yan wasan kwaikwayon ba kawai horo ba; kuma sun koyi harsuna na waje, kimiyya da gymnastics, wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayon. An biya 'yan gudun hijira don ilimi.

Shafin Farko na Rasha

A watan Agustan shekara ta 1756, magoya bayansa ya ba da umurnin kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha. Yawancin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha ya bambanta da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na baya. Dukkan mazaunan garin sun yarda su shigar da shi, kuma suna kallon aikin da aka biya. Daraktan wasan kwaikwayo na AP Sumarokova. Fedor Volkov ya zama babban actor kuma mataimakin darektan. Kuma bayan mutuwar, Sumarokov ya maye gurbinsa a mukaminsa (1761).

Talent na actor

Domin Volkov ya lakafta lakabin babban magungunan gidan wasan kwaikwayon. An ba shi matakan da ya dace da shi, wanda ya gudanar da aiki mai yawa (alal misali, Amirka a "Tsarin Tsabta", Hamlet, Yaropolk a cikin samar da "Yaropolk da Demiz" da sauransu). Duk da haka, bai taka rawar taka rawa ba. Irin wannan fasaha mai yawa ya zama wani abu ne mai sauki a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Halin yanayin wasan kwaikwayo na musamman ya bambanta daga wannan sakon. Yana da kyau sosai kuma yana jin dadi sosai, ya san dukan dokokinsa da canons. Wannan ya sa shi wani lokacin bazai bi ka'idodin da aka kafa ba kuma ya yi wasa kamar yadda ya so. Ya ba da basirarsa, Sumarokov ya rubuta masa matsayi mai yawa da aka ba shi sauƙin kuma ya bar wani ra'ayi mai ban mamaki a kan masu sauraro. An kira Volkova mafi kyawun dan wasan kwaikwayo na gidan wasan kwaikwayon. Manyan mutane masu daraja a wannan lokacin sune saninsa kamar DI Fonvizin, Y. Shtelin, NI Novikov, GR Derzhavin da sauransu. An ba da kyautar Volkov tare da ba da kalla goma sha biyar ba.

Wasu talanti na Volkov

Ayyukan Feodor Volkov ba su iyakance ne kawai a gidan wasan kwaikwayo ba, amma har zuwa wasu wurare. Ya kasance mai zane-zane mai banƙyama - an gina ƙofofin sarauta a cikin majami'ar Nikolo-Nadeinskaya a birnin Yaroslavl. Ya kuma yi maɓallin marmara na Bitrus Mai Girma. Fitaccen mai rubutu Fedor yana da kwarewa kuma ya zana hoton da yawa.

A 1759, Fedor Volkov, wanda labarinsa ya fara a cikin wani karamin gari na Kostroma, ya tafi Moscow don sake gina wasan kwaikwayon Moscow. A karshen wannan, ya dauka tare da shi 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daga St. Petersburg.

Matsayi cikin siyasa

Actor Fyodor Volkov ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a harkokin siyasar kasar. Ya dauki bangare a kayar da Peter III. Ya taka rawa a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Babbar Catherine Catherine kuma ya taimaka mata tare da shiga cikin kursiyin. A cikin godiya, Catarina ta kafa Volkov a cikin matsayi. Duk da haka, duk da yadda yake kusa da kotu da kuma Catherine Alekseevna kansa, Volkov ya iya tsayayya da gwaji ya zama mutum na gari kuma ya kasance da gaskiya ga kansa, yana ba da sha'awar aikin rayuwarsa - gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya ki, kuma daga mukamin ministan Minista, da kuma Dokar St. Andrew da farko da aka kira, wanda ya so ya saka wa mai daukaka.

Rayuwa na Volkov

Tare da sadaukarwa game da hanyar rayuwarsa da kuma bayar da shi a duk lokacin, Fedor Volkov bai taba samun iyali ba.

'Yan uwan Fyodor sun ba da matsayi masu daraja don girmamawa ga Uwargida Uwargida da Tsakanin Catherine.

"Ƙananan Minerva"

A lokacin da aka kai ga kursiyin Catherine II, an yanke shawarar shirya babban bikin a Moscow. Wannan taron ya faru ne a makon Shrovetide, lokacin da mutane suke tafiya a kusa da birnin kuma suna jin dadin jama'a. A wannan taron, Volkov ya shirya wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayon a matsayin nau'i, wanda ake kira "Triumphant Minerva." Dalilin gabatarwa shi ne ya bayyana wa mutane cewa yunkurin Peter III shine babbar nasara da farin ciki ga jama'a, wato, godiya ga canji na iko, adalci ya sami nasara. Wannan wasan kwaikwayon ya yaba wa sabon dan takara a matsayin mai nasara Minerva (Minerva shine allahntakar hikima da adalci, fasahar zane-zane, kimiyya da sana'a). A cikin wannan ra'ayi, Volkov ya iya nuna yawancin basirarsa kuma yana kula da jama'a. Duk da haka, a lokacin bikin, babban dan wasan kwaikwayo ya kama sanyi kuma ya kamu da ciwon zazzaɓi. A cikin Afrilu 1763, ya wuce.

Fedor Volkova an binne shi a wani hurumi kusa da Androniev Monastery, amma a lokacin Daular Patriotic yaki an lalatar da gidan sufi kuma an gano asalin wurin kabari na babban dan wasan kwaikwayo. Duk da haka, an sanya wani abin tunawa da girmamawa ga mai shahararren wasan kwaikwayo a cikin kabari a Yaroslavl.