A tsarin da mutum ido

Kamar yadda sanannun Rasha karin magana, "da idanu - wani madubi na rai." A su za ka iya karanta wani hali na mutumin da. Ta hanyar da idanu mutane ga duniya, ganin kyakkyawan abu da ke faruwa a kusa da.

Kazalika cikin wannan ban mamaki jiki? Mene ne tsarin da ido?

A tsakiyar ɓangare na ido ne eyeball. Yake da alaka da kwakwalwa musamman da na gani jijiya. A eyeball aka dimbin yawa kamar wani m. Ya kunshi gaba da raya sandunan, wanda ake da alaka da wani mike layin - da na gani axis. A tsawon Tantancewar axis a wani lafiyayyen mutum ne 24 mm. Eye ekweita da rababben eyeball shiga kashi biyu, kadan ya fi guntu fiye da na gani axis. Its tsawon shi ne 23,6 mm. Tsaye eyeball diamita ne 23,3 mm. A eyeball yana da uku membranes wanda kare kwaya daga mummunan tasirinsa daga waje. Wannan ne m fibrous harsashi, tsakiyar choroid da kuma na ciki akan tantanin ido. Corneal-scleral kwantena yana da wani m aiki: ba da damar waje jikinsu ya ratsa zuwa cikin ruwan tabarau da kuma da vitreous jiki. Corneal kauri a wurare daban-daban dabam daga 0.6 mm to 1 mm. A cikin Tantancewar yi shi ne da karfi refracting. Eye tsarin da aka kafa don haka da cewa cornea ba ya dauke da jini. Amma shi aza a manyan yawan jijiya endings. Shi ne saboda hypersensitivity na sclera mutum blinks da squints a wata 'yar alamar hatsari ga ido. A sclera na ido daga waje na wani kauri har zuwa 1 mm., Duk da yake ciki gefen shi ne bakin ciki sosai. Its madauwari ba tare da shirya outflow na intraocular ruwa.

A tsarin da ido da aka kafa don haka da cewa al'ada ido matsa lamba ne kiyaye a kowane lokaci. A sarari a baya da cornea jam'iyya cika da danshi, wanda, da ta biochemical abun da ke ciki kama da cewa na cerebrospinal ruwa. da agara jam'iyya raya bango hidima a matsayin Iris, da kuma adana a da almajiri. A Iris ƙunshi pigments alhakin launi da idanu. A alamar ido launi ne genetically daukar kwayar cutar, da kuma duhu ido launi ne mai rinjaye hali dangane da haske. More musamman, rinjaye alama ne samuwan da pigment, yayin da launin toka ko haske launin ruwan kasa idanu ne zai yiwu a low abun ciki na pigment. Idan canza launi pigment ba a duk, mutumin da yake wani zabiya. Jini ba pinkish fari ido. A Iris yana da biyu tsokoki da suke da alhakin girman da almajiri. A haske da almajiri an rage da kuma shi ne a cikin duhu, a maimakon haka, ya zama fadi. A ciliary jiki ne ke da alhakin samar da intraocular ruwa.

A tsarin da ido gaba daya cikin sharuddan Tantancewar kimiyyar lissafi. Yana mamaki cewa yanayi ya halitta a gabansa inji, wani kwafin bil'adama shi ne har yanzu ba a karkashin karfi. The akan tantanin ido yana goma yadudduka. Shi ne alhakin da samuwar siffar da fahimta da launuka da tabarau. A yadda lafiya akan tantanin ido, dangane da yawan rarrabe inuwõyinta suna kusa, mutumin. Kuma Rod- na mazugi rabe kunshi sassa hudu: matsanancin kashi, da constriction, ciki kashi da synaptic filin. A sandunansu ne mafi m zuwa ga haske, godiya ga pigment rhodopsin da mazugi tare da iodopsin mafi kama motsi. Abin lura shi ne cewa da dama daga cikin dabbobi duniya tsarin da ido damar kawai gaban da sandunansu, amma babu Cones.

Don nazarin biophysical yanayin da sifa da aiki da idanu da dole ne za a karanta a tare da tsarin da jijiya Kwayoyin da endings cewa aika bayanai daga akan tantanin ido ga occipital lobe daga cikin kwakwalwa. Daga cikin tsakiyar yankin na Disc jijiya ido daga Vienna da jijiya. Hoton daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar hagu ido aka kafa a dama da rabi na kwakwalwa, da kuma image, tsayayyen da dama ido - hagu.

Wannan labarin ya bayyana tsarin da ido, ya ƙunshi kawai janar facts. Idan kana so ka gane cikakken tsarin da gabobin da hangen nesa da kuma ka'idojin da aiki, dole ka karanta m kundayen da ophthalmology litattafan.