A Normans - shi ne ... The tarihi da al'adu na Normans. Jihar Normans

A Normans - shi ne daya daga cikin arewacin al'ummai sunayen. Saboda haka mazaunan Tsakiya da kuma Kudancin Turai a Sabunta-XI ƙarni kira da sojojin na m warriors, tanã gudãna daga sanyi kasashen. Hare-hare da aka kai a kai hari da aka canza kama zuwa sojoji, da kuma a sakamakon da taswirar Turai kuwa redrawn.

da yawa ma'ana

Yana bace daga fuskar duniya da sararin daular da Franks, kafa wakilin Carolingian daular, Charlemagne. Yana da aka mamaye Ingila. A Spain, a kasar wanda kuma tafiya da 'yan fashi, ya kira su arna dodanni - madhausami da zuba jari a cikin sunan duk da tsoro a gaban su. Birtaniya kira su askemanami, watau boating na sturdy ash. A zamanin d Rasha suka kira Vikings. Suna kuma da aka sani a karkashin sunan "Viking" (shi aka daga baya ya tabbatar da cewa da kalmar "Viking" Norsemen kira kansu teku tafiya). Za mu iya cewa da Normans - shi ta nasara, kamar yadda Franks ya ce da mawãƙi, "da m haddi." Godiya ga gabagadi, jin tsoro, da juya sojoji hari su sun kasance kullum nasara, amma ya sãɓã, keta. The daraja na su miƙa nisa - sun ji tsoron duk Turai shugabanni, amma kuma mafarkin na da ciwon su a cikin hidimarsa.

Warriors daga tsara zuwa tsara

A Normans sun haife warriors. Ba wai kawai cikin matsananci hali da kuma yanayin rayuwa a kan gaba na arewacin tekuna sa su haka. Addini da kuma dokokin kasar suka yi, a gaskiya, da militaristic. A wani farin ciki afterlife, inda za su ko da yaushe faranta Valkyries samu kawai sojojin da suka tabbata kansa a yaƙi. Ko da suka ji rauni da kuma mutuwa soja ba zai iya barin fagen fama kuma ya kashe makiyan zuwa karshe numfashi. Kuma a sa'an nan bãya gare shi ya kasance Odin kansa (babban abin bautãwa), da kuma gano a wani shahararre samaniya kasa Volholl for har abada ni'ima. A Normans - su ne mutanen da suka sani ba wani rahama ga maƙiyanku, kuma domin kansa. Su dokokin bugi keta. Daya daga cikin su frail tsofaffi da kuma m yara (ko da tare da qananan sabawa) aka kashe. Norms na rayuwa ta faro ne a kan ƙarni.

A dalilan da hare-hare

Lean yanayi, da sanya shi yiwuwa ga girma da isasshen abinci, tilasta su su muzguna na dangi, da kayyade bukatar hare-hare a kan kusa m da arziki ƙasa, wanda dukansu biyu a kudu da gabas da yamma. Kada ƙyãmar marinjaya kuma m arewacin yankunan, suna rayayye sanya wurin rayuwa su, forming akwai mallaka. Rich ƙasar located a hayin tekuna, da kuma ruwa sarari karfe Normans biyu gida. Sun kasance kyau jirãge, barga, kuma m. Warriors sun shugabancin tsere, su ne cikakken ba tsoro na cikin teku da kuma swam nisa m. Long kafin Columbus ya gano America, suka, duk da haka, Arewa.

Horo da kuma mika wuya

A Normans - shi ne mai girma navigators, da kuma cewa ya tafi daidai da oars da ze tashi, iska kuma da shi. Excellent warriors, kuma ya aikata ba tsoro majagaba, da tsoron wanda ya kai mafi m sasanninta na Turai da aka kewaye da Legends. A mafi talented, m da m warriors zama barsekami suka yi ĩmãni werewolves. Sun kasance iya karawa. The sojojin kiyaye tsananin horo, mika wuyansu karkashi na daraja da kuma fayil sojoji magabatansu, akwai wani code ne na girmamawa. Sun kasance sũ ne m, a cimma wannan burin da kuma kwanciyar hankali, ba na ba da su mirgine kashe hanya. A halin da aka "Nordic, ci." Mafi muhimmanci, sũ ne suka kasance matuƙar manufa - don ƙirƙirar nasu arziki jihar, da kuma duk hanyoyi don zama mai kyau. Amma sun musanya a kan lokaci.

Fara m fadada

A tarihin Normans (kuma akwai rubuce) Dates baya 789 shekaru. By gaba na Ingila, komai a fili uku jiragen ruwa a kan wanda Danes kasance daga Harland, da batutuwa na sarki Beotrika. Amma bayan da devastation na sufi na Lindisfarne Island, ya bi ta hanyar 4 shekaru da kuma samu da yawa talla, 'yan hare-hare da aka Kanmu kafin karshen karni. Sa'an nan da aka yi shekaru 40 da dangi a kwantar da hankula. Amma a shekara ta 835, tare da lalata Sheppee - Birtaniya Tsibirin kashe bakin tekun na Kent, shi duka fara. Bi ta shekara-shekara yankunan incursions na Normans zuwa gaba na nan kusa kasashen Turai. A wasu Birtaniya Islands Vikings Kanmu kamfen yafi a bazara da kuma bazara, damuna.

Manufofi da aka cimma

A Anglo-Saxons kira su Majusawa, ko arewacin mutane. Sunan "Norman" ba su da Franks. The 855-856 ta babbar rundunar Al'ummai komai a fili gabashin Ingila har abada. Amma gaba daya nasara Ingila ne kawai a 1066 da Duke na Normandy (yankin arewaci na France), William, wanda aka sani a tarihi a matsayin mai Tanƙwasa. Wannan shi ne, na farko da Normans kai hari a arewacin Faransa, kuma ko da Paris, kafa a cikin ƙasa na rushe qarqashin naushe ya Frankish Empire State, da kuma daga can farmaki Ingila. A tarihin Normans da Accession zuwa Turanci kursiyin kuma Sicily a general, ya ƙare. Kuma suka kira, to, haƙĩƙa da Normans. Hare-hare ne a kan, saboda warriors zama noma. Yanzu suna da isasshen m ƙasar, da kuma tabbatar da mai kyau rayuwa na iya zama ba tare da resorting to makamai.

haife lashe

Norman ci mika kan da karnuka uku. A sakamakon haka, shi da aka ci nasarar a cikin IX karni na Ireland da kuma Scotland. Constant yunkurin zuwa nasara da Ingila suka kai ga cewa a cikin IX-X ƙarni, da Normans ya shagaltar da arewaci, da gabashi da kuma tsakiyar sassa na kasar. Kuma ya kira ci Danelare ( «Area na Danish dokar").

Sun sanya hare-hare a kan frieze - jihar bakin teku yankin tsakanin yau Denmark da Netherlands. Norman ci mika ba kawai ga Spain da kuma Portugal. A 859, a manyan jiragen ruwa kunshi fiye da 60 jiragen ruwa, da aka cushe cike da ganima a Spain, ya zo gaba na arewacin Afirka. Tare da 844 shekaru hare-hare a kan Spain sun yau da kullum, a kan lokaci, su ma gudanar ya kama Seville.

Bã su da damar yin amfani da wani yanki

A lokacin duk da kamfen Normans, Vikings sosai saba da yanayi da kuma assimilated da ke yankin. A kudancin Italiya, da suka shiga cikin farkon XI karni, kuma ta 1071 shi duka zo karkashin mulkin na Normans.

A sosai muhimmiyar rawa tafi zuwa ga Vikings a Jihadi. Su rayayye halarci halittar Mulkin Urushalima. A cikin koguna Volkhov, Lovat ', Dnieper kuma Volga Normans, Vikings kai Black Sea, kuma ya zo gaba na Byzantine Empire. Wasu daga cikin su suna da hannu a fataucin, a kan Volga River da kuma Caspian Sea, kuma ya zo birnin Bagadaza. Ba kawai dimi ƙasa janyo hankalin da Normans. Shahararren Viking Erik Ryzhy a 985, ya kafa wani mallaka a Greenland, wanda, duk da sosai m sauyin yanayi da kuma harsh rai yanayi, dade shekaru 400. Shahararren shugaban na natsuwa ne sadaukar da saga, a cikin abin da shi ne ya bayyana cewa, daya daga cikin 'ya'yan Erik Red, a shekara ta 1000, ya ziyarci Arewacin Amirka.

Hare-hare - ba wani karshen a kanta

Domin da Vikings, musamman a X-XI ƙarni, a hare-hare ba wani karshen a kanta. A yankunan da yawa suka zauna, kafa jihar, wani yanki na mallaka. Part zauna a Scotland, da wani ɓangare na ta Kudu na Italiya. A jihar da aka halitta da Normans a Sicily, a France, a Ingila. Wani wuri sakamakon da aka samu ta hanyar kai tsaye kama na kasar da kuma kifar da istinbadi monarch, kamar yadda a Ingila. The sojojin na karshe Sarkin Anglo-Saxons suka ci Godwinson Harold a Hastings. Winner daukan kursiyin zuwa William Tanƙwasa. A cikin County na Aversa zo na farko a jihar ta Normans a kudancin Italiya. Yana da aka bi ta Melfi da Salerno, Calabria, Puglia da Naples. Daga baya, duk wadannan abokai aka garwaya a cikin Sicilian mulkin. Matsayin mai mulkin, da farko da Vikings shiga sabis na gida nobility, sa'an nan hambarar su.

Ana zargin Normandy

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Normans da wani kociya baiwa. Su ba su hallaka ba baya da iko tsarin, shan dukan mafi kyau daga cimma. Vikings bikin ban mamaki ikon daidaita da riga kafa doka da kuma al'adu cibiyoyin nasu bukatun. Suna daraja hadisai da kuma nasarorin da ya ci da yaki al'ummai. Jihar na da Normans a Faransa kira Normandy ya fara da zama na waɗannan ƙasashe a cikin IX karni da Norwegian kuma Danish Vikings. Na sarrafa su Hrolf tafiya a ƙasa, suna haka saboda gaskiyar cewa babu doki iya ba kawo wa babbar jiki, da kuma ya yi tafiya da ƙafa. A Normans tilasta Charles III da Simple gane ƙasar a bakin Seine dũkiyõyinsu. Hrolf roƙe talakansa na Charles, aure 'yarsa, da kuma dauki Kirista sunan rollo. A Normans, wanda ya iso tare da shi, da kuma yarda rungumi Kristanci garwaye da ke yankin. Shan mafi kyau daga mulkin gargajiya Faransa, da Normans gina mai kyau tsarin jihar ikon a Normandy, kuma a Ingila da kuma Sicily.

The farfado shahararsa

The kalmar "Norman" shi ne mafi sauki. Yana fassara zahiri daga Norse northman - «arewacin mutum." Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, wadannan mutane da suka rayu a Scandinavia, ta shahara saboda da fadi da fadada a cikin Sabunta-XI ƙarni. Normans hadawa da sojoji, matuƙan, Kasuwanci, explorers, kuma matafiya. Babu shakka, jama'a mai yawa da su hadisai, addini, wallafe-wallafe. Norman al'adu ne da wani reshe na Jamus al'adu. Kwaikwayo na da yawa kamfen da aka wuce daga fuska da fuska, ajalin saga. A musamman daraja sun kasida, kira qona. Addini Vikings, kama a cikin camfin mika saukar zuwa yau sunayen arna alloli - babban abin bautãwa Odin da kuma 12 - Thor, Loki, Braga ta Portugal, Heymndall da sauransu. Akwai 4 daga allahiya - Frigg, Freya, Idun, Sif. A mythology aka kafa daga V karni da kuma kafin tallafi na kiristanci. Rubuta a cikin ayar, "Dattijon Edda" da kuma litattafan "Edda" - da babban kafofin na Norse mythology. Fadin yankin, inda da Normans ko gudu su hanya da mu sau kiyaye stele, mai karko da runic ãyõyi, archaeologists sun samu kayan ado da kuma talismans. Duk abin da ya shafi Normans, ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa yau mai iko pop al'adu - da daruruwan video games, majigin yara, m litattafan.

wani sunan

Mazauni ne na Scandinavia yana da wani yawa sunayen a kowace kasa da suka kasance sunã kira a hanyoyi daban-daban - a Rasha da aka ba su sunan "Vikings". A Normans, wanda ya zo Rasha a arewa, aka aiki a cikin sabis na Rasha shugabanninmu, wanda bisa ga yarda 'yan qasar zuwa gare su, kamar yadda suka kansu a cikin jijiyoyinmu malalo jinin Rurik, kafa a cikin IX karni Novgorod sarauta. Ya kasance ya kafa na 'ya'yan sarakuna ba iyali, wanda daga baya ya zama na farko Rasha sarauta daular. A Normans a Rasha ya ko da yaushe aiwatuwa tare da iko, iya karawa warrior. Saboda haka, jirgin da aka bai wa sunan "Varyag" da kuma kalmomi na song, suna yabon da ƙarfin hali da kuma biyayya ga Fatherland, da aka sani zuwa ga mutane da yawa a yanzu.