The Byzantine daular

A fall na Byzantine Empire tare da babban birnin kasar a Konstantinoful, Dates daga 1453 shekara. Yana da wani gagarumin tasiri a fannoni daban daban ya zama kafa na Roman doka, da tsarin shari'a, wanda shi ne tushe ga masu rinjaye na kasashen, mafi girma da kuma makaranta ilimi. Bayan duk, Byzantine Empire ya ba da duniya ta farko a jami'a. Yana da aka halitta da kudi tsarin, kasancewar wanda dade game da shekara dubu. Basics diplomasiyya basira aka kuma kwantar da shi a Byzantine Empire. Architecture, art ... Yana da nisa ba da cikakken jerin nasarori da daular, kasancewar wanda dade daya dubu ɗari da ashirin da shekaru biyar.

1203 - shekara na hudu jihadi. Duk da yake 'Yan Salibiyya sun ki yin tafiye-tafiye a kan kafar hanya, don haka da Venetians sun wajen gudanar da harkokin sufuri ta jirgin, amma kudi domin wannan sabis bai isa ba. Saboda haka Venetian gefen samarwa maimakon biyan bashin dauki mazauna Zadar (ciniki birni a kan Adriatic Sea). Jihadin Krista amince da cika wannan yanayin, amma bai isa ba kudi Zadar ga Venetians da wani gunaguni. Saboda haka, a kan su kashi biyar ta wani tsari don ji da ra'ayoyi na Konstantinoful, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance wani yanayi na jayayya tsakanin kawu kuma dan - Alex da Ishaku, da malã'iku - ga wani wuri a kan kursiyin.

Daya daga cikin jam'iyyun kira ga Jihadin Krista, alamar mai kyau adadin kudi ga maido da kursiyin. Saboda haka, Salibiyya, bayan looting, ya dauki Konstantinoful. Don cika wa'adin da wani babban Jimlar biya Angel gaza, saboda kawai basu da zama dole adadin, don haka da 'Yan Salibiyya mayar da martani ne fashi. Sun sace Dukan matsafai na Konstantinoful, ciki har da shroud na Ubangiji, daruruwan ton na tsabar kudi, kayan ado na majami'u, da kuma ayyukan fasaha. The Byzantine sojojin ba zai iya gasa da daya daga cikin karfi kuma mafi iko a lokacin da sojojin Salibiyya, don haka bai iya hana sata.

Saboda haka, a 1204, akwai wani karshe hutu na yammacin da kuma gabashin duniya. The Byzantine Empire a West - shi ne yankin ƙasar inda akwai karkata, views da kuma furucin. Amma duk da wannan, kasashen waje yan kasuwa ba su yi ƙyãma, to zauna a manyan matsayi a cikin Byzantine tattalin arzikin da ta kasuwa.

Abin da ya sa fall na daular? Matsalar, wanda ya jagoranci wani tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da halin da ake ciki na Byzantine Empire, ya asarar jihar iko a kan kudi da kuma babban birnin jirgin zuwa kasashen yamma. Haka kuma, a kan lokaci, akwai wata kasa batun, wanda ba zai iya ba a gane shi. Kamar yadda sarakuna, da kuma manyan jami'an gwamnati da cewa lokaci zai iya zama wakilan na wata al'umma. Babban girmamawa ne a kan management yi da kuma kasuwanci acumen. Amma kasashen yamma aka dauke wakilin dabbanci da daji duniya.

kalaman na kishin kasa ya jagoranci wani tsaga cikin al'ummai da suke zaune a cikin Rum. West bai miss da damar ya dauki amfani da halin da ake ciki da kuma fara lallashe da Bulgarians da Serbs, Helenawa shekaru da yawa raunana su ainihi. Dasa wadannan ra'ayoyi kai ga dama neman sauyi ƙungiyoyi na kasashen yamma da kuma da gaggawa shawarwari don shawo kan Serbs da Bulgarians daga daular da kuma su Accession zuwa Turai duniya. Saboda haka, waɗannan al'ummai shekaru da yawa don zo karkiyar tukuru da Turks.

The Byzantine Empire, kuma da waɗanda suka riga aka ambata, ya sami wani matsala - ci gaban da ke damunsu a kan wani ɓangare na m yankunan babban birnin kasar, matakin rayuwa shi ne markedly daban-daban daga rayuwa a Konstantinoful.

A ƙarshen XIII karni a Rum jam'iyyun biyu tare da m ra'ayoyi da aka kafa. A farko ya kira ci gaba da dogaro kawai a kan nasu, albarkatun kasa da kuma fadada da m na kasar, na biyu - pro-Western - bayar da shawarar da sake fasalin kudin na duk cibiyoyin na daular, a daidai da Western model. Da goyan bayan kasashen Turai, jam'iyyar pro-kasashen yammaci lashe. A sakamakon haka shi da wani jerin sauye-sauye da ya kai ga cikakken gazawan na daular zuwa makiyin - Ottoman sultanate.

A fall na Konstantinoful ne sakamakon ta karshe, yaƙi ya kewaye ta da Turks. Duk da hadaya fice Caster Urga haifar da zama dole yin tsayayya da onslaught na Turkish bindigogi, da sarki, amma ga amsar, da sauran iya ba. A taskar da aka komai na Byzantine Empire, kuma m 'yan ƙasa don tafiyar da wannan shiri watsi da su. Saboda haka, wakilin kimiyya duniya, tare da wannan tsari kira ga Turkish Sultan Mehmet. Ya ya amince da su samar da kudi da ya kamata. Saboda haka, godiya ga Byzantine makaranta dalibi, da rabo daga cikin Byzantine Empire aka shãfe haske.

A sakamakon wannan taron kara wa yammaci da kuma zanga-Turkish jam'iyyar, wanda babban aiki ya kai ga hukumar ta babban birnin kasar.

Mayu 29, 1453, bayan wani dogon kewaye da birnin, Turkish sojojin gudanar ya karya ta. Kare, tsoron da mãsu alãma, kuma suka gudu. Saboda haka, da Byzantine sarki ya kadai daga cikin abokan adawar. Soka a cikin mayar da daya daga cikin wakilan da Baturke gefe ya sa karshen rayuwa na Sarkin sarakuna Constantine XI Palaeologus.

The Byzantine Empire daina wanzuwa.