Mstislav da Bold: takaice dai biography, kasashen waje da kuma na cikin gida da manufofin, ta sarautar

Daya daga cikin mafi rigima da enigmatic Figures faduwar rana lokacin da Old Rasha jihar shi Prince Mstislav da Bold. Yana sãɓã wa jũna unprecedented ƙarfin hali, fada da makiyan Rasha, amma quite sau da yawa amfani da basira da kuma internecine feuds. A halin yanzu ƙarni na mutane zai zama da ban sha'awa sosai ga samun matsahi na saba da biography irin wannan fice hali kamar yadda Mstislav da Bold. Taqaitaccen Tarihin sarkin, kuma za a yi kan batun binciken na mu.

Asalin sunan barkwanci

The asali sunan barkwanci da Prince Mstislav ya Udatny, wanda aka fassara daga Old Rasha harshen nufin "m." Amma saboda wani ba daidai ba fassarar kullum yarda ya fassarar "share". A karkashin wannan moniker Prince samu a kan mafi shafukan da tarihin litattafan.

Muka so ba, kuma dole mu canza kullum yarda da hadisin.

haihuwa

Haifi Mstislav tsoro ya zauna a asiri to tarihi. Babu shakka kawai abin da aka haife shi a cikin biyu da rabi na XII karni da kuma aka mai suna a baftisma Fedor. Ya kuwa ɗan Prince Mstislav na Novgorod Rostislavovich Brave na Smolensk reshe na Monomakh. The asalin uwar Mstislav swashbuckling rigima. A cewar daya daga version, ta kasance 'yar Yaroslava Osmomysla, mulki a Galicia, a kan sauran - da Ryazan Prince Gleb Rostislavovich.

Shubuha da Mstislav tsoro wuri cikin 'ya'yan Mstislav Rostislavovich. Wasu masu bincike yi imani farinsa ɗa, da sauran - ƙarami, haife bayan rasuwar tsohonsa. A karshen harka, da shekara da aka haife shi iya zama 1180 th.

farkon nassoshi

A farko ambaci Mstislav cire a tarihin kwanan rana zuwa 1193. Wannan lokacin ya, yayin da har yanzu basarake Tripolskaya, ya dauki bangare a cikin wani yakin da Polovtsy, tare da dan uwan Rostislavom Ryurikovichem.

A 1196 ne mahaifin Rostislav, Kiev Prince Rurik Rostislavovich aika Mstislav tsoro ceto Vladimiru Yaroslavovichu Galitskomu, sun yi tsayayya da Roman Mstislavovich Volyn. A 1203, riga kamar yadda Prince Torchesk matasa Mstislav da Bold sake sa a yakin da Polovtsy. Amma a 1207 ya aka buga daga cikin sojojin wakilin Torchesk line Olegoviches Vsevoloda Svyatoslavovicha Chermnogo, a lõkacin da ya sanya wani cin nasara gangamin Kiev, wanda a lokacin sarrafawa da Rurik Rostislavovich.

Bayan haka, Bold Mstislav Mstislavovich gudu zuwa Smolensk sarauta, inda ya samu daga iyalinsa fiefdom a Toropets. Tun daga nan, ya zama da aka sani Prince Toropetskiy.

Novgorod sarauta

Zama Toropetskiy yarima, a 1209, Mstislav da Bold aka kira su zuwa ga Novgorod bẽne sarauta a ƙasashensu. Prince of Novgorod ya zarar mahaifinsa. Wanda ya yi mulki har Novgorod Prince Svyatoslav, ɗan Vladimir Mai girma Prince Vsevolod Big gurbi, aka sallame ta Novgorod. Ya aka maye gurbinsu da Mstislav da Bold. A zamanin mulkin wannan yarima a Novgorod Notes da musamman adawa da Vladimir-Suzdal sarauta.

A 1212 Mstislav jajirce ya jagoranci Novgorod rundunoninsu nasara yaƙi da arna kabilar Chud.

Maris zuwa Chernigov

A halin yanzu, bayan da mutuwa Ryurika Rostislavovicha, wanda ya sa'an nan a cikin Chernigov sarauta, da kuma madugun, maƙiyi Mstislav swashbuckling Vsevolod Big gurbi da sabon karfi m gaba tsakanin hakkokin Kiev Vsevolod Red da Smolensk reshe na Monomakh, wanda ake zargi a kisan na biyu daga cikin dangi.

Farga cewa ba zai iya jimre da Kiev prince Mstislav Romanovich na Smolensk nemi taimako daga dan uwansa - Mstislav cire. Ya nan da nan ya amsa.

A hada sojojin Novgorod da Smolensk ya fara zuwa yi ɓarna Chernihiv ƙasar da rightfully kadarori mallakar Vsevolod Red. Wannan ya tilasta karshe zuwa bar Kiev da kuma dauki sarautar a Chernigov. Saboda haka, babban birnin Rasha da aka kama ba tare da wani yaki Mstislav Cire, wanda ya sa ta wucin gadi sarautar Ingvar Yaroslavovych Lutsk. Amma bayan yin zaman lafiya tare da Vsevolod Red Grand Prince of Kiev Mstislav Romanovich na Smolensk da ta zama, daga baya lakabi Old.

Saka hannu cikin yakin jayayya

A halin yanzu, bayan mutuwar Vsevolod Big gurbi a Arewa-Eastern Rasha m wata babbar yakin basasa (tsakanin gãje) ga mallaki Vladimir-Suzdal sarauta. Mstislav da Bold goyon cikin wannan gwagwarmaya babban dan Vsevoloda Rostovskogo Prince Constantine. A lokaci guda a matsayin wasiyya bar ta Vsevolod da Great gurbi, da sarauta da aka gaji da dansa Yuri, wanda aka goyan bayan wa Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, yayin da iƙirarin Novgorod sarauta.

A 1215, lokacin da Mstislav da Bold tare da sojoji suka yi kudu, Novgorod - a bisa gayyatar da mazauna yankin da kansu - dauki Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Amma nan da nan ya yi wani rikici da Novgorod. Jaroslav dauki manyan gari kudu na Novgorod ƙasar - Torzhok. Novgorod sake kira Mstislav.

The hukunci yaƙi tsakanin sojojin na Mstislav da tsoro, wanda aka goyan bayan da sojojin Smolensk, Mstislav haihuwa dan da wata tawagar da Konstantin Rostovsky, da kuma rundunar Vladimir-Suzdal Prince Yury da Yaroslav faru a 1216 a Lipica kogin. Da shi shi ne mafi girma a yakin da yakin basasa na tsawon. Novgorod da Smolensk sojojin lashe cikakken nasara. A lokacin da jirgin Yaroslav Vsevolodovich ko rasa ya kuma kwalkwakinmu.

A sakamakon yaƙin ya yardar Konstantin Vsevolodovich a Vladimir sarauta da kuma wucin gadi ƙi Yaroslav Vsevolodovich daga Novgorod. Duk da haka, tuni a 1217, ya ƙi Mstislav da Bold na Novgorod a cikin ni'imar Sviatoslav - haihuwa dan Mstislav.

Mulki a Galich

Ƙin na Novgorod aka alaka da gaskiyar cewa Mstislav da Bold sa a gaba da da'awar zuwa Galich. A cewar daya daga version, ƙoƙarin kama ikon can, sai ya fara ko da a baya, amma ba tare da nasara sosai. A 1218 ya karshe, tare da goyon bayan Smolensk sarakuna fitar daga Galich Hungarians.

Tun daga nan ya zama Bagalike prince Mstislav da Bold. Harkokin waje da kuma na cikin gida manufofin ta daban-daban musamman aiki. Ya kammala wani alkawari daga ƙawance da Daniilom Romanovichem Volynskim, suka yi yaƙi da Hungarians da Dogayen sanda. Galich shige daga hannu daya zuwa wani a cikin shakka daga wadannan yaƙe-yaƙe. Amma a 1221 Mstislav har yanzu gudanar don tsayar da kanta akwai har abada.

Battle na Kalka

1223 ya juyo a cikin rabo na dukan na Rasha. A kudancin Rasha matakan mamaye ta rundunar 'Mongol-Tatars, jagorancin aminci generals na Genghis Khan Jebe da Sabutai. Da na kowa hadari mafi daga cikin mulkoki na kudancin Rasha shiga tare da Polovtsian Khan sojojin Katia (mahaifin-lissafta Mstislav cire), ya dauki wani aiki sashi a kafa hadin gambiza.

Ko da yake m shugaban na hadin gwiwa ne babban Kiev prince Mstislav Old, amma a gaskiya da yawa daga cikin sarakunan ba su yi biyayya da shi. Rarrabuwa, kuma shi ne babban dalilin da shan kashi, wanda ya sha wahala a Rasha-Polovtsian sojojin a yakin da Kalka. Mutane da yawa ne aka kashe a yakin da Rasha sarakuna da talakawa sojoji, a cikinsu Mstislav Kievsky. Suka gudanar da tsira kaɗan. Amma cikin waɗanda suke m isa ya tsere, ya juya ya Mstislav da Bold.

Bugu da ari rabo da mutuwa

Bayan yakin a kan Kalka Mstislav koma zuwa Galich. Akwai ya ci gaba da yaƙi da Hungarians, da Dogayen sanda, da kuma tare da tsohon na hannun daman Daniilom Volynskim, wanda daga baya ya zama Sarkin Rasha. Duk da mun gwada nasara sakamakon wadannan yaƙe-yaƙe, a 1226 Mstislav bar mulki a Galicia da kuma mayar da su cikin gari Torchesk located in kudu na Kiev ƙasar inda dokokin riga a cikin matasa.

Gab da mutuwarsa, ya zama m. Ya mutu a cikin 1228, aka binne shi a Kiev.

hali halayyar

Masu bincike kira asashe da yawa, da birane, inda dokoki na Mstislav da Bold. Yana Tripoli Torchesk, Toropets, Novgorod, Galich, amma babu inda ba shirya na dogon lokaci. Kuma dalilin ne cewa fuka-fuki ne ba sosai a cikin mãkirci na sauran sarakuna ba, amma a halin yunwa ga canji. Sahaban lura da cewa, fushi da Mstislav swashbuckling wani tashin hankali ne, amma a lokaci guda mutumin yake mamaki hukunci.

Hakika, Prince ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tarihin kasar mu na farko da rabi na XIII karni.