Duk da gudana shawara game da lokacin da ya faru na kowane daga cikin tsoho kauye, akwai fiye ko žasa amince da jerin da ya hada da mafi tsoho birane a duniya, inda rayuwar tafi a kan kullum, kuma yanzu suna zaune.
Daya daga cikin tsofaffin
Topping jerin Yariko, ba sau daya aka ambata a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki a matsayin "birnin itatuwa," ko da yake daga Hebrew sunan na nufin "City na Moon." Masana tarihi siffantãwa da ranar ta asalin matsayin yarjejeniya da VII karni BC, ko da yake wasu daga cikin sami burbushi kasance a cikin habitability IX. Wannan shi ne, mutane ne suke zaune a nan a lokacin da Chalcolithic ko Neolithic da yumbu. Yana da haka ya faru da cewa wuri Yariko tun a tarihi mai nisa ne a kan warpath sake, Littafi Mai Tsarki shi ne bayanin da karɓarsu ga birnin. Ya aka ba karshe shige shi hannu da hannu, na karshe ya faru, a 1993, lokacin da Yariko tafi Palestine. Mutane da yawa sau kan millennia na da mazauna bar, amma ko da yaushe koma da kuma sāke gina. Yanzu located 10 km daga Tekun Gishiri Yariko yarda ziyarci da yawon bude ido a matsayin mai arziki a cikin yawon bude ido (misali, akwai tsakar gida sarki Hirudus). Bugu da kari, wannan shi ne mafi tsufa birnin a duniya ne kuma bambanta domin shi ne, saboda haka yin magana, shi ne mafi zurfi wuri kamar yadda aka located 240 mita kasa teku matakin.
Wane ne m
Na biyu (kuma wani lokacin ya tsaya takarar gasar) a kan jerin "mafi tsoho birane a duniya" ne a Damascus, babban birnin kasar zamani Syria. Its bayyanar ma tana nufin prehistoric sau, amma shi ya zama wata babbar birni bayan da mamayewa na Aramaic, dating baya zuwa 1400 BC. Daya daga cikin mafi m birane a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya, shi ne cike da jan hankali. Me ya kamata kawai Umayyawa Masallaci, memba na cikin jerin daga cikin mafi girma da Ibada a cikin duniya, wanda Stores shugaban Yahaya Maibaftisma. A birnin haka haihuwa da cewa akwai wani imani, idan na farko bango gina a kan duniya bayan Ruwan Tsufana, shi ne wata garun Dimashƙu. Tsohon Town, wanda ga mutane da yawa ƙarni ba canji halittarsa, kuma an kewaye da wani garu, amma shi da aka gina a lokacin zamanin d Roma.
Har ila yau, mafi tsufa
Yana ƙarasa farko uku ƙauyuka na jerin "mafi tsoho birane a duniya," Lebanon Byblos. Bukatarsa ce da cewa a wasu jerin shi take kaiwa na biyu kuma har na farko a yawan shekaru. Wadannan birane uku sun taso tun kafin a Bronze Age, amma tun lokacin da aka ci gaba da zaune. Byblos aka located a cikin unguwannin Beirut. A sosai sunan birnin ya ce da zarar ya kasance a Littafi Mai Tsarki birni da kuma kira Hebe. Phoenician shiri a zamanin da shi ne cibiyar kasuwanci Papyrus, kuma a yanzu shi ne wani shahararren yawon shakatawa manufa. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa wani karamin yawan inscriptions samu a zamanin d kayayyakin gargajiya, ya ba tukuna aka deciphered, saboda irin wannan protobibleyskogo wasika yana da wani gibba. ÃyõyinSa game da 100, da kuma lakabin bai isa ba. Kwanan wata na gaba birnin Susa an takara, a matsayin mafi girma a birnin a cikin zamani Syria Aleppo - wani yana zaton cewa a cikin VII karni BC, waɗannan birane riga ya wanzu, wani - babu.
Rufewa da jerin "tsoho"
A haihuwa na gaba birni Dates baya ga 4th Millennium BC. Ba dukan sau da yawa kawo sunayensu jerin mai taken "The mafi tsufa birnin a duniya" da aka ambata Crimean Theodosius, yayin da a Rasha an dauke da "madawwami birni", kamar yadda aka tushen, bisa ga wasu, a cikin VI karni BC da aka sani da Ardabra . Wani goma mafi tsufa ya hada da irin kwaminonin matsayin Lebanon Sidon (4 th. BC). A lokaci guda Dates fitowan na Masar Fayum (Greek Krokodilpolya) da kuma Bulgaria Plovdiv. Turkish Gaziantep da kuma Lebanon, babban birnin kasar Beirut 'yan ƙarni ƙaramin. Next kan jerin wadannan birane an ambaci mafi sau da yawa: Urushalima, da Taya, Arbil, Kirkuk, Jaffa. Dukan su bayyana da yawa ƙarni kafin mu zamanin, kuma ya kasance a cikin "haihuwa".
A mafi tsufa a Rasha
Mafi na kowa lists mai taken "Ancient birane na duniya" ba wani ɓangare na Derbent, ko Zurich, ko Ningbo, ko da yake su kafadu akalla 6000-shekara tarihi. Saboda haka, Derbent (Larabci Bab al-Abvab - da sunan da - fassara a matsayin "Gate Gate" ko "babban kofa"), bisa ga wasu, ya kasance shiri a cikin 4th Millennium BC. Wannan shi ne kudancin birnin a Rasha Federation ya riga ya wanzu a cikin Bronze Age. Fassara daga Azerbaijani harshen da sunan da sauti kamar "rufaffiyar kofofi". An located a cikin Isthmus tsakanin Caucasus iyaka da kuma yammacin bakin Caspian Sea. Wannan tsoho gari ya kasance kullum a ƙofa zuwa ga tafarkin da ãyari hanya daga Turai zuwa nahiyar Asiya.
Too, "tsoho"
Domin mafi yawan mutane, manufar tsoho Turai hade da farko tare da Girka. Amma da Swiss Zurich inda tsoho. A farko ƙauyuka a kan karkararta samo asali a 4430-4230 shekaru BC, wato, a cikin 5th karni. Kusa da mu Chronology, shi ci Celts, sa'an nan kauye ya zama wani ɓangare na Roman Empire, da kuma a cikin wadannan sau da muka ambata a karkashin sunan Turikum. Sin birnin Ningbo, wanda yana kai tsaye munasaba da Hemudu al'ada, wanda ya wanzu a cikin 5th karni BC, a cewar wasu da'awar, aka riga zaune a cikin Neolithic lokaci. Archeology ba a wuri, da kuma jerin mafi tsoho birane a duniya zai shigar da sabon sunan.
Kusa da mu Chronology
Jerin "The tsohon birnin na duniya" shi ne da yawa mafi fadi fiye da "tsoho" saboda 2 Millennium BC ciki da yawa wayewar. Place ƙauyuka cewa ka fito a cikin wadannan ƙarni, ke bayan Gabas ta Tsakiya. A cikin Turai, shi ne da farko a birnin na zamanin d Girka da Roma. A wannan yankin, shugaban jerin "ci gaba da ibãda birane a zamanin d duniya," Athens. Notes game da wannan birni-jihar, ma, za a fara da kalmomin nan lugar wadannan wurare sun kasance a cikin Neolithic lokaci. Amma Athens da aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki, tun pozdneelladskogo lokaci, watau 1700-1200 shekaru BC. Golden Age ga wannan iko da manufofin fara a tsakiyar 1st Millennium, a zamanin mulkin Pericles. Almara Monuments da aka sani a ko'ina cikin duniya, da aka gina a wannan lokaci, wanda aka quite da karatu da kuma yadda aka bayyana ta da tsoho Greek litattafansu. Irin wannan tarihi shaida kamar yadda aka rubuta a kan Papyrus aiki Vakhelida, Hyperides, Menander da Herodes, har yanzu zama. Aiki daga baya, duniya-sanannen Greek mawallafa kafa dalilin da fitaccen "Myths da Tatsũniyõyi" N. Kuhn. Ancient Greek falsafa, kimiyya, da kuma al'adun su ne kafuwar zamani ilimi.
m jerin
Sunayen da tsoho birane a duniya ne sosai m jerin, wanda mamaye fiye da daya page, saboda lokaci na tsufa ya zo ga ƙarshe a cikin Chronology, yana da wani takamaiman rana - 476 AD, na nuna faduwar Yammacin Roman Empire. Wannan lokaci da aka kyau karatu, da kuma wanzuwar birane da yawa rubuce. Saboda haka, wasu ƙauyuka iya kira daga wata babbar jerin dukan da aka sani ga zahiri kowa da kowa. Ku shiga cikin shi, da kuma birnin bace daga fuskar duniya, amma a cikin sauran tarihi shaida ko ƙwaƙwalwar na ƙarshe. Wadannan sun hada da manyan birane, a tarihin duniya, da Babila, da kuma Palmyra, Pompeii da Thebes, Chichen Itzá, kuma Ur, Pergamum da Cusco, da tsoho Greek Knossos da Mycenae, birane da yawa a nahiyar Asiya da kuma sauran nahiyoyi. Asirai na kango na wadannan birane tukuna da za a warware. Alal misali, rasa a cikin jungles na m Angkor - Cambodia stony zuciya, sake-bude wa duniya a tsakiyar XIX karni, ko da yake da tarihi na ta asalin ke mayar da su karni na biyu AD. Ko located a kan dutsen, a tsawon 2450 mita saman teku matakin, babu kasa m Machu Picchu. Wannan tsoho "birni a cikin sama" da aka located in Peru.
A haskaka daga cikin birni
A zamanin d garin Demre a kwatanta da sama ƙauyuka kawai matasa. A farko ambaci shi, yanã ga Mai V karni (ba Millennium) BC. Amma shi ne birni na labari. Da aka sani a zamanin da a karkashin sunan World, shi ne da ya shahara ba kawai m Monuments, amma da farko na duk da cewa shi karatu, ya rayu kuma ya zama shahararren St. Nicholas, kuma aka sani da Nicholas Ugodnik, Miracle Ma'aikacin, aka St. Nicolaas, kuma Santa Claus. A mafi ƙwarai hadisin bada Kirsimeti kyautai zo daga wannan sosai birni. A Mafarin aka Saint Nicholas, na farko bishop na Myra. A zamanin d birnin Demre ne mai Popular yawon shakatawa janye.
Very bukaci hanya "Demre-Kekova-World." A birnin daidai kiyaye Roman gidan wasan kwaikwayo, manyan isa ya yi hukunci da muhimmancin wannan babbar seaside cibiyar a zamanin da. Kekova - tsibirin. Shi ne sananne ga cewa tana da gabar teku ne a ci gaba da ganuwar da sunken birni a sakamakon girgizar kasa. Very mai kyau na zamani birnin Demre, Turkey ne cibiyar da homonymous lardin.
Very dunkule jerin
M da kyau tsoho birane a duniya. List of mafi sanannun ne wannan: Littafi Mai Tsarki, Yariko da Aleppo, bi da Sousa, Damascus, El-Fayoum da Plovdiv. Shi ne gaskiya don nuna Derbent da kuma Zurich, da "madawwami birni" Roma, kazalika da dama ƙauyuka na zamanin d China (Ningbo, Changshu, Changzhou, da sauran). Bace Babila, Palmyra, Pompeii, Ur da kuma Mycenae kammala wannan fiye da wani suna fadin jerin tsoho birane. Unique gani alfahari tsoho Persian Persipol. A lokaci daya da shi shi ne babban birnin kasar na Achaemenid Empire, kafa a VI-V ƙarni BC, wata babbar jiha, daga baya nasara Aleksandrom Makedonskim. Duk da tsohon birnin kewaye da Legends, saduwa da cewa ban sha'awa sosai.