Mutane kama kifi a cikin Tsakiya Rasha. Rasha crafts

Rasha mutane sun dogon qawata gidajensu tare da daban-daban crafts da na gida abubuwa. Masters sanya su kayayyakin more sau da yawa fiye da ba kawai ga kyakkyawa, duk abubuwan da su m manufar. Ya sanya daga halitta kayan - itace, da na dutse lãka - sanya ayyukan art. Skills, masana'antu dabarun da m dabaru mika saukar. A wannan labarin, za ka koyi yadda za mutane cinikayya a Jamhuriyar Rasha ya kasance mafi m.

Ta yaya mutanen da kasuwanci?

Daban-daban crafts fara fito fili a cikin 15-16 karnoni. Wannan lokaci da ake dangantawa da haihuwar jama'a art. Da ɗan baya, a cikin 17th karni, sana'a fara ƙirƙirar musamman crafts for sale. Entire kauyuka da ƙauyuka yi aiki a kan samar da jama'a handicraft kayayyakin.

Me ya sa mutane cinikayya a Jamhuriyar Rasha suka fara samar? A dalilin ne mai sauki - sanyi da yunwa. A lokacin dogon sanyi da hunturu, mutane da ake bukata wani abu to ciyar da iyalansu. Poor kasa bai kawo wani isasshen adadin girbi, rai bai isa ba, don haka master don sayar da kayayyakin, da kuma akwai da Saide. Hakika Rasha Arts and Crafts tashi inda akwai wani isasshen adadin albarkatun. Katako crafts sanya a unguwannin gandun daji inda stony kasa rinjaye tartsatsi dutse kayayyakin, da sauransu. D. Kamar yadda ka sani, bukatar halitta wadata, da kuma tasowa na kasa da kiwon kifi, inda aka bukata.

Folk Arts and Crafts fara fito fili kadan daga baya - a tsakiyar karni na 19th. A waɗannan kwanaki, akwai wani shahararren zinariya thread raƙĩƙi, da zanen da karfe aiki. A banbanci a kan bayyanar da craft da wani coci, da kuma shi ne gida makaranta na icon zanen. Su za'ayi umarni ga kõre da wa gidajen lama da majami'u.

Mutane kama kifi a cikin Tsakiya Rasha

A Rasha craft ne sananne ba kawai a cikin kasar, jama'a craft ya sami duniya daraja. Lissafa aikin hannu kayayyakin iya zama mai dogon magana game da babban wadanda:

• Gzhel.
• Dymkovo wasan yara.
• Khokhloma.
• Palekh.
• Rostov enamel.
• Vologodskoe Lace et al.

Dymkovo abun wasa

Mutane da yawa da suka wuce ƙarni, a kan bankunan na kogin Vyatka kafa birnin da ya shirya shiri shiri. Kowace safiya a gida stoked da gagarumar wuta, da kuma saboda ci gaba da tada hayaki da kuma kira da mazauna - Dymkovo shiri.

Akwai rayu da Masters kumar kasko. Daga lãkã da suka aikata da jita-jita, da kuma bututu da ake baya dumama up a cikin tanda. Whistles aka sanya yafi a cikin nau'i na dabbobi. Amma shi aka yi ba kawai domin nisha na yara. Vyatsky mutane karkashin yi fito na bututu hadu gunkin rana - Jari. Dymkovo abun wasa - cikin shahararrun jama'a craft na Jamhuriyar Rasha. Kowa ya san yadda shi ya dubi. Wannan lãka Rasha mace a wani dogon skirt-kararrawa tare da wani haske gaba-gaba da baki girare. kyau dress fentin da daban-daban alamu. Babban mulki ne - shi ya zama mai haske da kuma m.

Gzhel

Folk Arts and Crafts ne da wuya su yi tunanin ba tare da Gzhel. A baya can, shi haifa sunan wani kauye dake kilomita 50 daga Moscow. Suka zauna a can Masters, wanda ya fara haifar da sosai m ain. Su aka fentin a cobalt. Daga baya ya bayyana polufayansovaya jita-jita. Masters tattara daruruwan daban-daban images, yanzu mutane da yawa samfurori da aka adana a cikin hermitage. Gzhel mutane ya dade da suka wuce koro ragi jita-jita a kan kasuwanni na Moscow, Masters sau da yawa fentin jita-jita don oda. Yau yana da wuya su yi tunanin ba tare da jama'a craft Gzhel kayayyakin.

Palekh

A ci gaba da crafts daukan ta tarihi daga 13-14th ƙarni. A wannan lokaci, kuma yana kafa na zamani cibiyar na Rasha al'ada - kauyen Palekh. Sa'an nan kuma ya kasance daga Prince paletzkiana, bayan da mai shi ya Ivan Buturlin. A kauyen da aka halitta da wani babban yawan nazarinsa domin iconography. A cikin karni na 20th a kauyen sana'a tsunduma a zanen brooches, snuff kwalaye, taba lokuta, notepads da bisernits. Known palehovskie kwalaye da kuma Easter qwai da aka sani ga dama. A kadan daga baya, a kauyen fara fito fili Palekh dada tare da baki fenti da kuma papier-mache.

Khokhloma

Khokhloma craft bayyana a Rasha a cikin Volga gandun daji Uzola River River. Akwai kafa kauyen - seminoma, guringuntsi, da kuma Novopokrovskiy Kuligin. Yana samo asali akwai kuma hohloma. Abin baƙin ciki, crafts baki tsira da mu sau ba gaba daya. Muna sane da aikin da Masters kawai na karni na 19th, ko da yake an tabbatar da cewa wannan sana'a da hannu, da kuma a cikin 17th karni.

Khokhloma daban-daban daga wasu musamman zanen dabara. A rarrabe - da aikace-aikace na baki tawada da kuma cinnabar a kan wani zinariya bango. Don sweeten jita-jita master shafa shi tin foda, sa'an nan amfani da wani Layer na varnish kuma mai sanya a cikin tanda. Saboda da high zazzabi bushewa man fetur ya zama rawaya, da zinariya, da kuza, ya bayyana. Masters amfani da alamu da juna goga da hannu. Tsada sets aka kõma a hankali. Yau Khokhloma jita-jita za a iya gani a daban-daban na duniya da kuma nune-nunen bikin.

Pavlovsky Posad shawl

Pavlovsky Posad da aka sani ga dama saboda zuwa na patterned Scarves da shawl. A karo na farko da irin wannan m labarin da tufafi da aka sa a kan Klyazma River a garin Pavlov. Saboda haka sunan.

A gida bikin, wanda sukan shirya a tsakiyar murabba'ai, patterned shawl tarwatsa a kan hurray. Za ka iya saya bandanas tare da daban-daban alamu - daji furanni, wardi, bouquets da kuma ganye. Scarves sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin padded. Wannan kalma fara kira shawl saboda hanyar da aikace-aikace na wani juna a kan masana'anta - buga zane. Jagora aka sa zane a kan jirgin, kuma ta doke zuwa cin mafi imprinted. Hand-buga zane da fasaha yana da ba kowane mai gida. Modern Scarves sanya ta wajen musamman presses.

Rostov enamel

Cibiyoyin na handicrafts a Jamhuriyar Rasha sun hada da sanannun garuruwa da kauyuka, Rostov - daya daga cikinsu. A 18th karni, aka haifi wani craft, kamar enamel. Wannan zanen a kan enameled karfe tare da musamman Paints. A zamanin da, da master fentin da gumaka. Firistoci sa tufafin da kayan ado na enamel. Church farantin da murfin fentin rubuce-rubuce da kuma musamman wuta-resistant Paints. A peculiarity wannan fasahar aikace-aikace ne da cewa kafin harbe-harben da launi alamu ne ko da yaushe guda. Saboda zafin wutar, kayayyakin fara wasa da haske launuka.

Zhostovo

Fentin trays daga Zhostovo saba wa da yawa. Wannan kauye ne ba da nisa daga babban birnin kasar, inda yake gida painters halitta irin ayyukan art a matsayin Zhostovo tire. Jagora zane filin da kuma lambu furanni a kan wani baki bango, uku dawakai, har yanzu rayuwa da sauransu. A farko tire da aka yi na papier-mache.

Har ila yau painters daga Zhostovo fentin zanen kwalaye, snuff kwalaye da kuma kwalaye. A cikin tsakiyar karni na 19th ya fara nuna karfe farantansa, kayayyakin da aka yi da papier-mache sa a kan backburner. Mafi shahara aiki na gwaninta a Zhostovo - Wannan m tire, fentin a kan kewaye. Kowane bita yana sanya a kan ta samfurin iri, da wanda ba za ka iya gane master, yin wannan kyau.

Modern Rasha crafts

Littafi crafts an rayayye masu tasowa. Yau a nune-nunen da kuma bikin, za ka iya ganin wata iri-iri na kayayyakin, crafts da kuma zane-zane. Trends a zamani art ne sosai daban-daban, a nan su ne:

• na gani ta wajen haske kwararan fitila.
• lantarki abun da ke ciki.
• photo.
• flash mobs.
• sculptures da shigarwa, da sauransu.

Modern jama'a craft ne wuya don suna guda, talented sana'a suna aikata abin da suka yi da kyau. Idan 'yan ƙarni da suka wuce, shi ne kawai zai yiwu a zana ko sculpt a lãka, shi ne a yanzu zai yiwu don nuna mai yawa fiye da. Amma, duk da wannan, da kayan yau da kullum na zanen da kuma zanen da aka yi karatu da samfurin kayayyakin gargajiya na asali Rasha. Hadisai na Rasha artists a birane da yawa, kuma rayu har zuwa yanzu.

A ƙarshe, ina so in lissafa sauran jama'a art shugabanci, wanda aka ba da aka bayyana, a wannan labarin:

• Gorodets zanen .
• fedoksinskaya dada.
• Orenburg downy shawl.
• Vologda da Yelets yadin da aka saka.
• matryoshka.
• karpogolskaya, Abashevskaya filimonskaya kuma toys.
• filigree.
• Kasli simintin.

A hadisai na mu mu'ujiza-ma'aikata, painters, kuma artists ci gaba da rayuwa a cikin zamani duniya. Duk da fasaha ci gaba, tsohon Rasha Arts and Crafts ci gaba da halittu farfadowa. Tsira da mu sau ayyukan art za a iya gani a gidajen tarihi da kuma nune-nunen, to kokarin hannunsa a cikin wannan aiki zai iya zama a cikin art makarantu da kuma ci gaban cibiyoyin.