Zamani - shi ... zamani a art. wakilan zamani

Zamani - wani motsi a cikin art halin da tashi daga baya tarihi kwarewa art har zuwa ta da cikakken musu. Zamani fito a cikin marigayi 19th karni, amma heyday zo a cikin farkon karni na 20. A ci gaba da zamani aka tare da gagarumin canje-canje a cikin adabi, da na gani zane-zane da kuma gine. Al'adu da art ba zai iya zama ko da yaushe maras wata-wata canje-canje, amma wajibcin zamani a matsayin hanyar canji a farkon karni na 20th An riga ana ji. Amma, da inganci tsari ne m, amma wani lokacin ya dauki m siffofin zamani, kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da matasa artist Salvador Dali, wanda aka ƙoƙarin gina wani art surrealism ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Duk da haka, da al'adu da kuma art suna da ikon dace, don haka babu wanda zai iya bugun up ko rage gudu da tsari.

Juyin Halitta na zamani

The yayi na zamani ya zama rinjaye a farkon rabin na karni na 20th, amma sai sha'awar wani m canji a art fara samun koma baya, da kuma Faransanci "art nouveau", Jamus "Art Nouveau" da "Rasha zamani" gabanin zamani a matsayin sabon abu na neman sauyi, ya dauki wani more annashuwa fom .

Zamani a cikin zane-zane, ko kuma ma'adanin na zamani?

Fahimci prioritization daga wadannan formulations ya zuwa marubuta, artists da kuma gine-ginen da dukan m duniya. Wasu wakilan manyan haskoki a cikin filin na art yi imani da cewa zamani - dogon-jiran canji, kuma ya zama prioritize da kara ci gaba da wayewa, da sauran reshe na zamani rawa gyara na mutum yankunan a fagen fasaha da kome ba. Shawara ta ci gaba da tabbatar da yanayin babu wanda zai iya. Duk da haka, zamani a art zo, kuma wannan shi ne impetus ga kara raya shi a duk inda. A canje-canje ba m nan da nan rinjayar da inertia na al'umma, kamar yadda yake ya saba, ya fara tattauna sabon trends, wani ya ga canji, wani ba ya yarda da su. Sa'an nan da fore yi zamani art gudanarwa, shahararrun marubuta, mawaka, da kuma duk wanda ya yi tunani m, ya fara gabatar da sabon abubuwa, kuma sannu a hankali zamani da aka gane.

Zamani a gani arts

Babban kwatance na zamani a cika sikelin-zanen, hoto zane, sassaka da sauran siffofin na gani art fito a rabi na biyu na karni na sha tara. The aka yi harsãshinsa a 1863, a lokacin da Paris An kaddamar da ake kira 'Salon des ki yarda ", wani taro-avngardisty artists da kuma gabatar da su aiki. salon sunan yayi magana don kansa, da jama'a bai yarda da wani m zanen, ya ƙaryata shi. Duk da haka, kawai bayyanar "Salon des ki yarda" ya ce cewa modernist art aka jiran fitarwa.

kwatance zamani

Ba da da ewa modernist trends dauki kankare tsari, wadannan trends a cikin art:

• Tsokaci expressionism - musamman style of zanen inda artist ciyar da kerawa m adadin lokaci, jefa Paint a zane, m shãfe ga zanen goge, da ka haddasa shanyewar jiki.
• Dada - ayyukan art a wani tarin-style layout a kan zane 'yan jẽfo wani ɓaɓɓake daga daya batu. Images yawanci imbued tare da ra'ayin negation, cynical tsarin kula da topic. Style tashi nan da nan bayan yakin duniya na farko, kuma ya kasance mai nuni da ji na rashin bege, rinjaye a cikin al'umma.
• Cubism - da ka shirya lissafi adadi. The style kanta ne sosai m, asali Masterpieces a cikin style of cubism halitta Pablo Pikasso. A ɗan daban-daban tsarin kula da aikin na artist Pol Sezann - ya zane-zane da aka ma suna kunshe a cikin taskar duniya art.
• Post-Impressionism - da kin amincewa da bayyane gaskiya da kuma maye real images of ado stylization. Style da babban m, amma shi ne cikakken aiwatar kawai Vincent van Gogh da Pol Gogen.

Surrealism, daya daga cikin manyan masu karfi na zamani

Surrealism - mafarki da gaskiya, da gaskiya art, nuna mafi m hankali na artist. Mafi shahararren surrealist painters sun Salvador Dali, Ernst Fuchs da Arno Breker, wanda tare gyara da "Golden Bamuda na surrealism".

Zanen style da tabawa da matsananci

Fauvism - wani musamman style, haifar da wani tunani na so da kuma samar da makamashi, halin da daukaka na launi da kuma "daji" ma'ana launuka. A mãkirci ne ma a lokuta da dama ga batu na matsananci. Shugabannin wannan Trend sun Henri Matisse da kuma Andre Derain.

Organics a art

Futurism - Organic hade da art da ka'idodinta Cubism fomizma, wani bore da launuka gauraye da intersections na mike Lines, triangles da kusassari. Image kuzarin kawo cikas ne duk-cinyewa hali a cikin hoto duk abin da yake a cikin motsi, da makamashi za a iya gani a kowane daki-daki.

Style Jojiyanci artist Niko Pirosmani

Primitivism - da m image a cikin style of wani m, kuma m simplification, sakamakon wani juna kama m kerawa da yaro ko da bango zane-zane a cikin kogwanni da m kabilu. M style zanen ba ya rage m matakin, idan shi ne kõma da wani gaskiya artist. A shahararren wakilin primitivism ya Niko Pirosmani.

wallafe-wallafen zamani

Literary zamani ya maye gurbin wani kafa na gargajiya canons na labari. Kafa a farkon karni na 20th, da style of rubutu litattafan da labaru a hankali ya fara nuna alamun stagnation, akwai wani monotony na siffofin gabatar. Sa'an nan marubuta suka fara juya zuwa wasu, baya amfani da fassarori daga m ganewa. Masu karatu sun aka miƙa m da kuma falsafa Concepts. Saboda haka akwai wani salon da cewa samun da definition "rafi na sani" dangane da zurfin basira a cikin tunani na haruffa. A mafi daukan hankali misali na zamani a adabi ne wani labari da American marubuci William Faulkner da ake kira "Sound da Fury."

Kowace daga cikin haruffa da labari yana bincikar cikin sharuddan da m ka'idoji, halin kirki halaye da kuma bukatun. Faulkner ta dabara ne wajaba, tun da shi ne saboda da m da kuma zurfin bincike na halitta da hali da wani ban sha'awa labarin. Ta hanyar da bincike Uilyam Folkner rubuce-rubuce style ne wani ɓangare na "zinariya biyar" US marubuta, kazalika da biyu sauran marubuta - Dzhon Steynbek da Skott Fittsdzherald, wanda a cikin aikinsa na kokarin bi mulki na a-zurfin bincike.

wakilan zamani a adabi:

• Uolt Uitmen, mafi kyau a san shi da shayari tarin "ganyen Grass."
• Sharl Bodler - tarin wakoki, "Flowers na cũta".
• Arthur Rambo - shayari "Illuminations", "Daya bazara a jahannama."
• Fyodor Dostoevsky da ayyukan "The Brothers Karamazov" da "Laifuka da azãba" shi ne a Rasha wallafe-wallafen zamani.

Rawar da jagora vector sojojin da tasiri cikin marubuta - kafa zamani, kai da masana falsafa da Henri Bergson, Uilyam Dzheyms, Fridrih Nitsshe, da sauransu. Ba na zauna kuma ya nĩsanta da Sigmund Freud.

Godiya ga zamani a farkon shekara talatin na 20th karni wallafe-wallafen siffofin aka halin canza.

A zamanin zamani, marubuta da kuma kasida?

Daga cikin mafi kyau da aka sani marubuta zamani lokaci ne da wadannan marubuta da kuma kasida

• Anna Akhmatova (1889-1966) - Rasha mawãƙi tare da ban tausayi rabo, rasa iyalinsa a cikin shekaru na Stalin ta repressions. Shi ne marubucin da dama tarin wakoki, kazalika da sanannun waka "Requiem".
• Franz Kafka (1883-1924) - wani musamman rigima Austria marubuci waɗanda ayyukansu aka dauke m. A lokacin da rayuwar wani marubuci na littafan da aka ba a buga. Bayan rasuwar Kafka dukan ayyukan da ya yi, an buga ta, duk da cewa ya karfi a'a ga wannan kuma a lokacin rayuwar conjured ya executors ƙona litattafan nan da nan bayan mutuwarsa. Kaina halakar da rubutun marubuci iya ba, kamar yadda suka tafi a kan hannaye da mayar da su zuwa ga mawallafin, ba nasa Raya Makon aka ba zuwa.
• Uilyam Folkner (1898-1962) - da lashe 1949 Nobel Prize Wallafe-wallafe, wanda shi ne sanannen domin ya halicci wani kundi County a American Heartland, kira Yoknapatawpha, peopled shi da haruffa da kuma fara bayyana rayuwarsu. Faulkner ta ayyukansu sun hadadden tsarin yanayi, amma idan mai karatu ya kasa gane zaren da labari, sa'an nan kuma cire shi daga cikin labari, da labarin ko da labarin daga cikin shahararrun American marubuci ne ba zai yiwu.
• Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) - daya daga cikin mafi mabiyansa masu aminci na zamani a wallafe-wallafe. Littafan da labaru suna dukar a su muhimmanci da karfi. A tsawon rayuwar, marubucin an irritant zuwa Hukumomin Amurka, shi ya dame m zato, hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da CIA ya kawo Hemingway wa gefe, sun m. Yana duk ƙare a juyayi rashin lafiya marubuci kuma wucin gadi jeri a wani asibitin masu tabin hankali. A marubuci yana daya kawai soyayya a cikin rayuwarsa - farauta bindiga. Yuli 2, 1961 Hemingway kashe kansa ta hanyar harbi da kansa da wani gun da wannan.
• Thomas Mann (1875-1955) - Jamus marubuci, essayist, daya daga cikin mafi yawan aiki siyasa marubuta na Jamus. Dukan ayyukan da ake imbued da siyasa, amma da m darajar, ba su rasa daga wannan. Mann wani baƙo zuwa kerawa da kuma sensuality, wani misali na wannan - labari "The Confessions na Felix Krull." A protagonist ne da wani hali da ayyuka na Oscar Wilde, Dorian Gray. Ãyõyin zamani a cikin ayyukan Thomas Mann bayyananne.
• Marcel Proust (1871-1922) - Faransa marubuci, marubucin na bakwai-girma ayyukansu "A Search of Lost Lokaci", wanda aka dauke daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci samfurori da adabi na karni na 20th. Proust ne mai haƙuri bin zamani kamar yadda mafi alamar hanyar wallafe-wallafen ci gaba.
• Virdzhiniya Vulf (1882-1942) - English marubuci, yana dauke da mafi kwarai bin "rafi na sani". Zamani ya da wani marubuci domin ma'anar ta rayuwa, ban da yawa litattafan da Virginia Woolf a kadara da dama adaptations na ta ayyukansu.

Literary zamani ya na da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan aikin na marubuta da kuma kasida cikin sharuddan kyautata da kuma bunkasa.

zamani gine

A jumlar "zamani a gine" yana nufin da Kalmar "zamani gine", saboda shi ya bi sawun ma'ana connection. Amma manufar zamani ba ko da yaushe nufin "zamani" shine mafi m kalmar "zamani." Art Nouveau da zamani - biyu daban-daban Concepts.

Modernist gine yakan haifar da farkon m majagaba na zamani gine da kuma aiki na su a wasu lokaci, tare da 20-bit da kuma 70-ies karni na karshe. Modern gine Dates baya ga mafi kwanan nan Figures. Alamtacce a shekaru hamsin da akwai wani lokaci na zamani a gine-gine, yayin da fitowan da sabon trends.

Trends a zamani gine

Modern gine - wadannan ne raba yankunan gine, kamar Turai aikin yi na 1920-30 ko immutability na rationalism na Rasha gine na twenties, a lokacin da gidaje gina dubban daya aikin. Wannan Jamus "Bauhaus", "Art Deco" a Faransa, kasa da kasa style, Organic, brutalism gine. Duk na sama ne rassan itaciya guda - zamani gine.

Prestavitelyami zamani a gine ne: Le Korbyuze, Oscar Niemeyer, Richard Neutra, Walter Gropius, Frenk Lloyd Rayt da sauransu.

Zamani a music

Zamani - mai maye style bisa manufa, amma a music canji ya dogara ne da farko a kan janar kwatance na ethnographic al'adu na al'umma. Progressive yayi na al'adu segments ake babu makawa tare da canje a duniya na music. Wayewar sa da kansa yanayi na m cibiyoyin cewa sun kẽwayãwa a cikin al'umma. Duk da haka, da al'adun zamani bai canza classic m siffofin.