Yar rawa Istomina Avdotya Ilinichna: biography, ayyuka da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Ta - wani zamani da zamani na Pushkin, daya daga cikin shahararrun rawa rawa a lokacinsa, raw rawa Didlo. Sunanta ba kawai a samu a cikin ayyukansu na babban waƙen. Suka yi ciki, amma ba gama labari "Biyu Rawa" a cikin abin da samfur na daya daga cikin heroines shi ne daidai da shi - Avdotya Ilinichna Istomina. Bugu da kari ga iyawa dancer, ta mallaki mai ban mamaki fara'a da kuma kyakkyawa da aka dauki daya daga cikin mafi m mata na St. Petersburg a lokacin. Da sauƙi, ta na da wani dukan taron jama'ar magoya, kuma daga cikinsu - cikin mashahuran mutane na daular.

Istomina Avdotya Ilinichna: biography

Evdokia (kamar yadda aka rubuta a wani littafi log) da aka haife Janairu 6, 1799 a St. Petersburg. Game da suke iyayenta, akwai da dama iri, amma mafi plausible ne daya bisa ga abin da mahaifinta dan sanda ne ɗan sanda Ilya Istomin, wanda ya dauki sha kuma ya mutu a lokacin da ta 2-3 shekaru. A yarinya ta uwa, Anisa Istomin, kuma mutu nan da nan bayan da shekaru shida-Duniya da aka bar wani maraya. Sa'a, da yarinya bai aka ƙaddara a wani marayu, da kuma samu cikin mallaka wasan kwaikwayo School. Ta, saboda ta bayyanar, son makaranta shawarta da kuma ta dauki shi zuwa cikakken jirgin. A nan ne Istomina Avdotya kẽwaye Theatrical craft. Abin baƙin ciki, babu daya da aka ba musamman tsunduma a general ilimi dalibai.

koyo

Actor a cikin farkon karni na 19th, ba kara zuwa babbar, don haka da makaranta mafi yawa ana samu halartar yara daga cikin ƙananan azuzuwan, ko maraya, kamar heroine na mu labarin. Daga baya, a lokacin da ta zama wani fitaccen dancer, da yawa ya zama interested in da tambaya - wanda shi ne malamin rawa rawa Avdoti Istominoy? Da farko ya sanar da ma'adanin na dancing yarinya a wani sanannen St. Petersburg yar rawa Ekaterina Sazonov. Ita ce ta, ta koya wa yi haƙuri, tarbiyya, m kuma bai taba daina. Duk da haka, babban malami Avdoti Istominoy, wanda ya sanar da ta ma'adanin na dance kuma mukaddashin - shi ne, ba shakka, Faransa dancer, choreographer kuma malamin Charles-Louis Didlo. Ya aka bambanta da rashin tausayi na yara, shi kuwa yana da wuya da kuma tsananin, ko da kuwa su jima'i da shekaru.

halarta a karon

Istomina Avdotya, kamar mafi yawan dalibai na mallaka School, ya fara sosai a farkon bayyana a kan mataki. Riga yana da shekaru 9 Didlo na dauke ta zuwa rawa "Zephyr da kuma Flora", wanda aka nuna a cikin wani babban dutse wasan kwaikwayo. Hakika, shi ya ba wani suna fadin rawa - ya zama a cikin retinue daga allahiya Flora - majiɓinci, saint na kayan lambu duniya. Yarinya yi kafin wani sauraro sosai burge, ta fascinated ta hanyar Flora da ya fara mafarki cewa da zarar kuma shi zai zama mai raw yar rawa, kuma zai ma duba da kyau.

Shigar da St. Petersburg nagartattu

A 1815 Avdotya Istomin - yar rawa tare da diploma wasan kwaikwayo makaranta - sãdar da na mallaka wasan kwaikwayo a St. Petersburg, wanda nagartattu jagoranci ta malamin Shar Didlo. Ya nan da nan ya kama talented almajiri a samar da "Acis da Galatea", da kuma rawar da protagonist. Yarinya bayan na farko da wasanni janyo hankalin jama'a. A wancan lokaci, akwai wani m bambanci tsakanin Theatrical nau'o'i, rawa da aka dauki daya daga gare su, kuma ya ba da lokaci zuwa wasa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma vaudeville wasanni. Jimawa game da kyakkyawa yar rawa magana duk Rasha mafi girma haske.

fasalin

A farko Rasha wasan kwaikwayo istograf Pimen Nikolaevich Arapov Amma kamar yadda aka bayyana Istomin: "Ta kasance daga matsakaicin tsayi, da kyau sosai, siriri, tare da duhu gashi kuma wani marmari m baki idanu, dogon m lashes, ba ta fuska musamman hali. Ta kasance murdede, da karfi kafafu, ta ƙungiyoyi sun haske da m. " Ba duk da wannan, shi ne ba abin mamaki bane cewa yar rawa Avdotya Istomin, biography da aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin ne sosai mashahuri a cikin aristocratic Elite. Suka ce cewa Pushkin kansa ba ruwanta da ita, kuma ko da gogaggen azabar kishi. A mores na cewa lokaci yarda da daraja Gentlemen sun bayar da kadan ballerinas. Domin a yayin da ta kasance a cikin biya daga cikin shahararrun Janar Orlov - nan gaba Decembrists. Pushkin, a wani Fit na da kishi, rubuta wani epigram a kan shi, faro daga kalmomi: "Orlov Istomina a gado ...". Ya kira shi Laisa cewa yana da wannan ma'anar a matsayin kalma "courtesan".

Cherche la femme

Ta farko saurayi ya sanda kyaftin Vasiliy Vasilevich Sheremetev. Ta na son ya ci gaba, da kuma game da shekaru biyu da suka rayu a matsayin ma'aurata. Duk da haka, tare da ci gaban da da shahararsa a matsayin rawa dancer, ta zama mafi wuya da kuma capricious, kuma nan da nan ya fadi fita da shi, kuma ya zo ya zauna tare da mafi kusa aboki Mary Azarevichevoy. Girlfriends kullum kewaye da soyayya a cikin wadanda mutane matasa, kazalika Raya Makon wata yar rawa mafi m shekaru. Ta kasance abokai da Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Griboedovym kuma da zarar ya yarda da wani gayyatar zuwa ga mawallafin wasannin kwaikwayo, da kuma jami'in diflomasiyyar zo ziyarci abokinsa A. Zavadovsky, wanda dan lokaci zauna a St. Petersburg. Bayan wannan ziyara, Istomina Avdotya sulhu tare da Sheremetev da kuma mayar da su zuwa gare shi, amma a cikin hasken da jita-jita, ta kusanci da Zavadovsky. Lokacin da ƙaunataccen yar rawa bukaci bayani game da wadannan jita-jita, ta bai yi uzuri da kuma yarda cewa Griboyedov daya musguna da ita a cikin grossest hanya a lokacin da ta ziyarci gidansa. Wannan Sheremetev ba zai gafarta da Zavadovskiy kirã su zuwa ga wani duel. A lokaci guda wani aminin Vasily A. .Yakubovich Kuma, idan aka duba duk na Mafarin A. Griboyedov, ya kalubalanci shi zuwa duel. Saboda haka, a wannan rana da aka za a gudanar wasanni biyu. Saboda haka, a watan Nuwamba 1817 a Volkov Field a St. Petersburg mu yi yãƙi biyu nau'i-nau'i. Duk da haka, kafin duel Griboyedov da Yakubovich lokaci bai zo ba, saboda Zavadovsky Sheremeteva kashe da kuma na biyu duel da za a dage. Idan ka tuna daga tarihi, da duel tsakanin marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma Jakubowski har yanzu ya dauki wani shekara, amma riga a Tiflis. A sakamakon haka, shi Griboyedov aka raunata, amma ba mortally. Duk da haka, shi ne wani harsashi tabo Yakubovicha yarda ka kara gano gawar kashe Persian diplomasiyya Griboyedov.

Didlo Prima Theater

Istomina Avdotya, wanda shi ne kawai shekaru 18 da haihuwa, koya game da mutuwar ta lover, da jin tsoro m, kuma ya ji da laifi, amma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo ba daya ya kula game da ita wahala. A 1818-m Charles Didlo yanke shawarar mayar da maida ka fi so bit na show - "Zephyr da kuma Flora", wanda music aka rubuta ta hanyar K. A. Kavosa. Avdotya akai-akai halarci baya productions da wannan rawa. Kuma yanzu ta mafarki ya zo gaskiya, kuma ta na da su tsaya a cikin hanyar kyau Flora da wasa da take rawa. The masu sauraro ya gaishe da sabon "majiɓinci, Flora" tare da kara. Shi ne mai real rabo ga yar rawa. Bayan haka, ta haskaka a kusan duk babban matsayin da malaminsa: "Afirka Lion", "Bagadaza ta Halifa," "Evtimii da Evharisa", "Deserter," "Lisa da kuma Colin", "Cora da Alonzo, ko Virgin na Sun", "Karin da kuma Morgan "et al.

Avdotya Istomin da Pushkin

A farkon 1823 a St. Petersburg Big Stone Theater bakuncin farko cika - rawa dangane Pushkin ta waka "The fursuna na Caucasus", da music ga play rubuta Katarino Kavos. Istomina da aka neme jam'iyyar Circassian. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa marubucin na aikin, A. S. Pushkin, a wancan lokaci, an kõre Chişinău. Bayan koyon cewa babban birnin kasar ya kamata faru da wannan wasan kwaikwayon, da ya rubuta wa ɗan'uwansa, Leo: "Ku yi tafiyarku," fursuna na Caucasus "da kuma gaya mani game da Didlo da kuma na da kyau Circassian-Istomin. Da zarar na darasinsa a baya ta kamar na fursuna. " Abin da yanke ƙauna ya a wadannan Lines. Pushkin ne ƙwarai, matasa fadi cikin soyayya da matasa Istomin. Su ne, kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, an guda shekaru. Shi ne daya daga cikin na farko zuwa lura ta a cikin taron jama'a. Amma da rawa "Acis da Galatea" saboda haka ta shãfe shi, cewa ya sadaukar da baki-sa ido Galatea m line a "Eugene Onegin" labari. Ko da ya bai ambaci su a cikin sosai sunan, wanda zai fahimci cewa ya bayyana dancer - Avdotya Istomin. Pushkin ta waqe da yaushe aka m da gaskiya, musamman a lokacin da ya bayyana mata da abin ya shafa. Ya iya kama wasu musamman karimcin ko fuska da suke kawai m ga wasu.

A heroine da labari kasa

A amfani da babban waƙen ta hali Istomin da yawa zurfi fiye da abin da ya so kansa. Ya kiyaye dawo mata, ta kama a cikin ransa kasance ko da yaushe mai haske, inda ya kasance. Pushkin yi nufin rubuta wani labari game da shi, kuma ko da sketched. Yana da aka asali shirya suna da labari "Rasha Pelham." Daga baya, duk da haka, ya yanke shawarar cewa za a kira "Biyu Rawa". Alexander so shi ya taɓa a kan bala'i, wanda yake shi ne m saninsa ba ya zama a dancer - shi ke nan game da wani duel tsakanin Sheremetev da Zavadovsky. A cikin rubuce-rubucen na Pushkin aka samu labari shirin. Ya duba, kamar haka:

• Ballet Didlo.
• Zavadovsky.
• Lover.
• Backstage scene.
• Duel.
• AI aka kamawa a.
• Ƙwarƙwarar.
• Aure.
• yanke ƙauna
• Istomin a duniya.
• Kin amincewa.
• wadanda mutane receptions
• Karfen kafa da t. D.

tarihi Pointe

Avdotya Ilinichna Istomina wani gaskiya majagaba a Rasha rawa art. Ita ce ta farko Rasha dancer wanda ya tsaya a kan Pointe. Kafin wannan, da rawa da aka ƙoƙarin samun a cikin manyan yatsun kafa, amma musamman rawa takalma a farkon karni na 19th, shi ya ba. An yi imani da cewa a cikin Pointe na farko ya bayyana a fage Italian Mariya Taloni. Haka ya faru a kan mataki na Royal wasan kwaikwayo a 1830. Amma a Rasha, shi ya faru a 'yan shekarun baya, godiya Didlo da Istomina, wannan ya kai ga yanzu garambawul na rawa.

balaga

Avdotya ya bauta wa, a cikin mallaka rawa ga fiye da shekaru 20. Ta daga baya matsayin dauke Rosalba na "Dona Karlosa", Italiyanci Susanna "Almaviva da Rosina" Eliza a "Pazhah Vendôme Duke"; Countess Albert a "Darasi sihiri ne," da dai sauransu A tsawon shekaru, sai ta fara gruznet, kuma sau da yawa ya zama gaji ... Ta fara bayar da m matsayin. A 1830, sai ta fara kafana cuta, kuma ta na da su je mimic jam'iyyun. Ta takwara Avdotia Panaeva a memoirs biya da fice yar rawa yan shafukan. "Istomin zuwa shekaru 40 ya zama unwieldy, rastolstevshie mace. Ya yi kokari Sun kuma yi amfani da wani yawa suke dashi - fari da gubar da Rouge. Gashi shi ba shãfe da launin toka, kuma sun kasance, har yanzu baki kamar farar. Akwai jita-jita cewa, ta kasance da launuka. "Tare da shekaru patrons ba mata, da kuma ta taimaki matasa artists, daga cikinsu akwai ban mamaki actor Godunov. Theater sukar dauke shi m, amma Istomin bai raba su ra'ayin. Ya kasance ƙaramin fiye ta shekaru 21 Duk da haka, wannan bai hana su yi aure. ta ba shi da tsada kyautai, Diamonds, ya nuna alfahari zauna tare da ita a cikin wasan kwaikwayo kwalaye da kuma ji dadin amfanin wani mai arziki rai. amma, Abin mamaki, matasa mijinki da sannu fadi rashin lafiya tare da typhus kuma ya mutu. Avdotia baƙin ciki yanke shawarar in je a matsayin Nun amma kafin shi game da ba doschlo, kuma ta ci gaba da zama a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo.

epilogue

A karshe ambaci sunan wani yar rawa a kan playbill ya a Janairu 1836, da kuma ta karshe cika ya faru a Alexandria wasan kwaikwayo a rana ta ƙarshe na Janairu na wannan shekara. Duk da haka, bayan da cewa, ta rayu wani shekaru 12 kuma ya mutu da ciwon kwalara. The jana'izar da aka fadin, babu daya ko a tuna da cewa shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma da rawa a lokacinsa.