Manyan kamfanonin na Rasha. Industrial Enterprises a Rasha

Industry ne wani muhimmin bangaren da tattalin arziki da hadaddun na kasar. Its rawar da haddasa ne m da cewa shi SUPPLiES duk sassa na tattalin arzikin , sabon kayan, da kayayyakin aiki. Daga cikin wasu sassa da shi tsaye rayono- da complexing ayyuka.

A takaice game da tattalin arziki a Rasha

Don kwanan wata, yawan kamfanonin a Rasha ne kusa da alamar 460 dubu, suka samar da ayyukan yi ga kusan miliyan 15 mutane, da kundin na kayayyakin da ya wuce alamar dubu 21 rubles. Masana'antu na kasar mu ne halin da wani hadadden da kuma iri daban dabam iri daban dabam tsarin da ta nuna da canje-canje a cikin kyautata na da m sojojin, da ci gaban da yankin rabo daga aiki. An kai tsaye alaka da kimiyya da kuma ci gaban fasaha.

rarrabuwa

Modern masana'antu Enterprises a Rasha ne halin da gwada da babban matakin specialization. Saboda da zurfafa rabo daga aiki fito daban-daban sassa, sub-sassa da kuma iri na samarwa. Tare, sai suka samar da wani reshe tsarin. Goma sha hadaddun masana'antu kamar wutar lantarki, man fetur, ferrous da nonferrous metallurgy, metalworking da kuma injiniyan inji, petrochemical, sunadarai, ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma takarda, da gandunan daji, itace aiki, abinci aiki, haske masana'antu suna alama a cikin zamani na yanzu rarrabuwa. Irin wannan rabo ne m da yawa tattalin arziki da zamantakewa dalilai, sarki daga cikinsu: ci gaban fasaha, da matakin na ci gaba, zamantakewa da kuma tarihi da yanayi, halitta albarkatun, da samar da dabarun na gida yawan.

Industry za a iya raba:

• Mining. Wannan ya hada da masana'antu da alaka ba kawai don hakar ma'adinai, amma kuma ga su enrichment. Bugu da kari, shi ya hada kama kifi a kan marine dabbobi masu shayarwa, kifi da kuma abincin teku.
• Processing. Wadannan sun hada da masana'antu da kamfanonin a Rasha tsunduma a cikin aiki da hakar ma'adinai masana'antu kayayyakin. Bugu da kari, shi ya hada da aiki na gandun daji da kuma aikin gona da albarkatun kasa. A masana'antu shi ne tushen dukkan manyan masana'antu na kasar.

The most Enterprises daga Rasha. OAO "Gazprom"

Ka yi la'akari da bakwai shugabannin a cikin ranking daga cikin mafi girma a kamfanoni a cikin kasar. A Tattara bayanan wannan jerin daukan la'akari da dukiya, kudaden shiga da kuma ribar. Mafi yawa a giant jerin hada sinadaran Enterprises daga Rasha, ko kuma wajen, daya daga cikin rassan da cewa ya girma - da man fetur. Amma da farko abubuwan da farko.

Saboda haka, undisputed shugaban - shi ne JSC "Gazprom". Wannan Rasha gas kamfanin da aka kafa, a 1989. Ta aiki a fagen iskar gas da kuma samar da iskar gas rarraba masana'antu. "Gazprom" ya dauki goma sha biyar wuri a duniya domin ta dukiya da kuma kudaden shiga ne a kan 24th matsayi a cikin ranking na duniya kamfanoni. A gas sufuri tsarin da sha'anin ne 160 kilomita dubu kuma shi ne mafi tsawo a duniya. 51 bisa dari na mallakar gwamnati da kamfanonin. A kasuwar darajar "Gazprom" zarce 156 biliyan. Dalar Amurka, ta yawa na $ 150 biliyan. Dollars, kuma kiyasta dukiyoyin da na fiye da 303 biliyan. Dollars. Wannan kamfanin samar da ayyukan yi ga fiye da ɗari huɗu da dubu mutane.

"Lukoil"

Idan akai la'akari da manyan kamfanonin na Rasha, ba shi yiwuwa ba a ambaci game da wannan kamfanin. Yana ranked na biyu a cikin ranking. Yana shirya wannan kamfanin a shekarar 1991. Babban aiki na JSC ne prospecting, samar, refining da kuma sayar da man fetur da kuma iskar gas. Har shekara ta 2007, shi ne mafi girma a kamfanin a kan samar da man fetur, da cikin sharuddan kudaden shiga yana daukan da matsayi na biyu bayan "Gazprom". A farkon 2011, reserves of "Lukoil" na hydrocarbons ne na uku kamfanin a duniya ranking na kamfanoni, da kuma arzikin man fetur - a duniya na farko. Saboda haka, da kasuwar darajar ne fiye da $ 55 miliyan dubu; dukiya - 90,6 dala biliyan; yawa - $ 105 biliyan. shekara-shekara kudaden shiga - 111,4 dala biliyan; riba - 10.4 dala biliyan. Wannan kamfanin samar da ayyukan yi ga fiye da ɗari da dubu hamsin mutane.

OJSC "Rosneft"

Kamfanin ma sun shiga cikin jerin Rasha kamfanoni, da dukiya da wanda zai iya gasa da duniya Refayawa. JSC aka halitta a shekara ta 1993. Its main aiki - shi ne m ayyukan, mai da iskar gas, kazalika da samar da man fetur da kuma petrochemical kayayyakin. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, kamfanin, a 2007, ta zarce ta "Lukoil" gasa cikin sharuddan samar da man fetur ta hanyar da sayan "Yukos 'dukiya. The kudin na wannan sha'anin ne game da $ 80 biliyan .; yawa - 63 dala biliyan; kudaden shiga - game da $ 60 miliyan dubu; dukiya - 106 dala biliyan; riba kai $ 11.3 biliyan. "Rosneft" kamfanin samar jobs for game da 170 mutane dubu.

OJSC "Sberbank na Rasha"

Wannan kungiyar ya tabbatar da cewa manyan mallakar gwamnati da kamfanonin Rasha aiki ba kawai a cikin masana'antun ciro, a karo na hudu wuri a cikin ranking ne finance kamfanin. JSC ne a duniya banki tsarin kamar yadda shi na samar da wani fairly fadi da kewayon ayyuka. Saboda haka, a cewar bayanai na 2009 da rabo a Rasha ajiya kasuwar da aka fiye da 50 bisa dari, kuma da rance fayil yawa zuwa fiye da talatin bisa dari na bashin da aka bayar a fadin kasar. A kasuwar darajar "Savings Bank" ne game da $ 75 miliyan dubu; da rabo daga dukiya - 282,4 dala biliyan; riba - 31,8 dala biliyan. Kamfanin samar da ayyukan yi ga fiye da 240 da mutane dubu.

OJSC "TNK-BP Holding"

Wannan kamfanin da aka shirya gwada da kwanan nan - a 2003. Ya sana'a ne mai samar da da kuma ta aiki. Dalili halittarsa kasance farkon parity TNK da kuma Birtaniya BP. A kasuwar darajar da Holding ne 51,6 dala biliyan; kudaden shiga - 60,2 dala biliyan; riba zo zuwa $ biliyan 9. Kamfanin samar da ayyukan yi ga fiye da 50 da mutane dubu.

OJSC "Surgutneftegas"

Manyan kamfanonin Rasha shiga wani "neftesos," ya gama a shida wuri a cikin ranking. OJSC aka kafa a shekarar 1990, kuma shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma da kuma man gas da kamfanonin a kasar. Kamfanin da aka yi wa rajista a Khanty-Mansi cin gashin kanta District, a birnin Surgut, a cikin wannan wuri da kuma located hedkwata. A kiyasta kudin ne game da $ 40 miliyan dubu; dukiya - 46,6 dala biliyan; kudaden shiga - 20,3 dala biliyan; riba - 4.3 biliyan daloli. "Surgutneftegaz" na samar da ayyukan yi ga fiye da 110 da mutane dubu.

JSC "Bank VTB"

Kammala mu jerin wani kudi ma'aikata. A farkon ta aiki ne a 1990, kafin kamfanin da aka kira "Vneshtorgbank". Wannan kasuwanci kungiyar ya iya samu a kusa da girman da izini babban birnin kasar na "Sberbank na Rasha", ya kuma ɗauki wani karfi na biyu wuri cikin sharuddan dukiya. Shugaban ofishin da kamfanin da aka located in Moscow, amma liyafar yanki ne mai al'adu babban birnin na Rasha - St. Petersburg. A kasuwar darajar da kamfanin, bisa ga na farko kiyasta su zama 26,4 dala biliyan; nasu babban birnin kasar - 19.7 dala biliyan; dukiya - 139,3 dala biliyan; kudaden shiga - 12,6 dala biliyan. Kamfanin samar da ayyukan yi ga kusan 70,000 mutane.

Kamar yadda ka gani, da rating fadi kawai man fetur da kuma iskar gas da kamfanonin da kudi cibiyoyin. Duk da haka, manyan kamfanonin a Rasha ba su iyakance zuwa karafa Sphere, albeit ba su da matsayin da yawa dukiya da kuma ribar da sarari, amma su ma suna da wani abu to fariya. Alal misali, wasu daga cikinsu ma samu a cikin Guinness World Records. Amma more on cewa daga baya.

Rasha masana'antu Enterprises. "Izhora Works"

Wannan sha'anin, ko ba zai iya gasa da shugabannin mu ranking, amma ya aka sani, kuma a girmama a ko'ina cikin duniya. Wannan inji shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya, iya samar da kusan duk wani sassa. Wasu daga wanda ba su da samuwa a ko'ina kuma. Kamfanin yana nufin nauyi injiniya sub-sassa. An located in Kolpino (St. Petersburg). A nomenclature da shuka ya hada da iko excavators, mirgina, da makamashi, da kayan aiki, flats, neman, kuma mafi. Kolpino kamfanin ne kawai a Rasha manufacturer na casings for nukiliya nukiliya.

"Uralvagonzavod"

Rasha tsaro kamfanonin hada da fiye da 1,200 shuke-shuke a fannoni daban daban. Mafi yawa daga cikinsu da kyau a san, kuma su kayayyakin sau da yawa yana da wani analogues a duniya. Duk da haka, a wannan labarin, za mu duba a cikin sha'anin cikin sharuddan su size, a wannan batun, ya kamata mayar da hankali a kan "Uralvagonzavod". Saboda ta size shi ne a cikin Guinness Littafi na Records, kuma shi ne mafi girma kamfanin a duniya, tare da wani yanki na 827.000 murabba'in mita. Located in Sverdlovsk yankin, a birnin Nizhny Tagil. A gaskiya, shi ne bincike da kuma samar da kamfani, wanda ke tsunduma a cikin duka ci gaba da kuma samar da sabon kayan aikin soji, aikin gina hanya kayan, Railway karusai. A rukunin kawo tare da samar da kamfanoni, zane ofisoshin da kuma cibiyoyin bincike. A jihar rike da duk shareholding na kamfanin.

a ƙarshe

Duk da kusan unabated duniya tattalin arziki da rikicin, Rasha da ya rage wani m ikon duniya. More kwanan nan (a cikin tarihi mahallin), kasar mu ya cika fuska canza tafarkinsa na raya kasa, da kuma a yau babu wanda zai iya zargi da Russia akwai bashi da marmarin ya yi aiki, to gina su nan gaba ne riga a karkashin jari hujja hakikar. Bari cewar masu shakka sunyi ce cewa rabo na masana'antu samar a Rasha steadily ragewa da kuma bukatar da suke kawai masana'antun ciro, da cewa kusan dukkan albarkatun kasa don fitarwa. Hakika, wadannan kalmomi da wasu gaskiya, kuma amma an fahimci cewa, kamar yadda a cikin daji, inda rayuwa mai karfi. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da yi hadaddun da masana'antu da kamfanonin da Rasha suna samun saurin bunkasuwar a cikin shugabanci na manyan da haɓaka da kuma hira da shuke-shuke aiki a kan sabon matsayin da fasahar. Yanzu da girmamawa ne a kan tattalin arziki m samar da wani m yawan ma'aikata. Wannan shi ne cimma ta hanyar high-tech kayan aiki da kuma wani karuwa a cikin rabo na aiki da na samar da tsari.

Wannan Trend ya kai ga cewa da yawan shuke-shuke ya ƙara muhimmanci na tsawon shekaru goma. A sakamakon haka, da manual aka tsara don sauƙi na fuskantarwa a cikin wannan taro na kamfanoni daga abin da ka iya ganin yadda mutane da yawa kamfanonin a Rasha, su contact details, abin da suka samar da kuma da dama sauran bayanai da za su zama da amfani a duka biyu, 'yan kasuwa da kuma talakawa mutane. Wannan ra'ayin da aka gane a cikin tsarin na aikin "Dukan masana'antu na Rasha."