Rasha, Soviet sunadarai Nina Andreeva: biography, binciken, nasarori da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Mun san mai yawa furofesoshi, kuma masu bincike, wanda daga baya ya zama shugabannin siyasa? A zamanin yau mutane ne mafi sau da yawa fiye da 'yan siyasa da ilimi na musamman, ko manyan jami'an manyan kamfanoni. Amma a cikin shekaru na perestroika, abubuwa sun kasance ɗan daban-daban. Wadanda suka halitta jam'iyyar, yana daya burin - ya zo da ra'ayoyi da talakawa, so mai kyau rai ga mutane. Ba su bi da burin ya ansu rubuce-rubucen da wani wuri "a ƙullunku." Daya daga cikin sauki 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suke fata don yin mafi kyau a duniya, ya zama wani malamin daya daga cikin Research Institute da Tarayyar Soviet - Nina.

taƙaitaccen kalamai

Andreeva Nina Aleksandrovna - Rasha sunadarai da kuma siyasa Soviet da kuma na zamani Rasha. Duk da cewa jama'a ba ko da yaushe ya gane shi gaskiya ma, cikin mace ya iya tasiri cikin shakka daga tarihi. Da shahararsa shekaru 78 da haihuwa mace ya sami bayan buga da muqala (labarin Andreeva) "Ba zan iya daidaitawa a kan ka'idojin." Wasu masu sukar yi imani da cewa wannan rubutu zai iya zama daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa Tarayyar Soviet rushe. Amma shi ne da gaske? Bari mu bincika.

Biography: Nina Andreeva

Oktoba 12, 1938 a Birnin Leningrad, (USSR) An haife wata yarinya, Nina. Mahaifinta wani sauki tashar jiragen ruwa da ma'aikata. Ya mutu a gaban a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.

Nina Andreeva samu ilminsa daga mahaifiyarsa, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai makaniki a Kirov shuka. The yaki ya dauki wani nan gaba sunadarai ba kawai mahaifinsa, amma kuma mazan da ɗan'uwana, kuma 'yar'uwarsu.

Tun suna yara, Nina Andreeva kaunace kimiyya. Ta himmantu karatu a makaranta, don haka aka bayar da wata lambar zinariya domin ta kammala. Da ciwon samu sakandare ilimi, wata budurwa mai shiga Birnin Leningrad, Institute of Technology, da zabar wani sana'a, da kuma sana'a na sunadarai. Amma shi ne ba karin sha'awar kimiyya da kanta, da kuma babban malanta, wanda azurta horo na musamman. A yarinya a lokacin da aka fuskantar babban kudi matsaloli. Kwarewa da wata budurwa bayan samun digiri fara aiki tare da spetskeramikoy.

Nina Andreeva sauke karatu daga kwalejin tare da karrama. Daga baya, quite samu nasarar kammala post-digiri na biyu nazarin da samu digiri a fasaha kimiyyar.

shekaru na aikin

Bayan samun digiri, Nina Andreeva yi aiki a Research Institute of ma'adini gilashi a cikin post bincike. Bayan wannan, ta sanar da dalibai na jiki sunadarai a Birnin Leningrad, Institute of Technology.

A shekarar 1966, ta shiga cikin jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Tarayyar Soviet, la'akari da kansa wani ikon fassara Mafarki. By shawarar da himma Andreeva Nina Aleksandrovna management, ga wanda kimiyya ya ko da yaushe ranked farko, ta sallami daga ta aiki. Ta aka fitar daga jam'iyyar. Amma, a 1981, Nina Alexandrovna da kuma mayar a cikin post, da kuma a cikin mambobin bayan wucewa dubawa jama'a PDAs (CC CPSU).

Chikin Valentin, shugaban edita na jaridar "Soviet Rasha", ya ce cewa lokacin da ya tattara bayani game da Andreeva kafin wallafa ta shahara labarin, jami'a gwamnati don samar da 'yan jarida tare da mafi m bayanin duk lokaci-aiki mata. Kuma Nina Andreeva sanar daga shekarar 1972 zuwa 1991.

Baiting Andreeva da canji na zama

A farkon 1988, a cikin jaridar "Soviet Rasha" da aka buga wata kasida, wanda aka rubuta ta Nina Andreeva "Ba zan iya daidaitawa a kan ka'idojin." Makonni uku daga baya, shi da aka rubuta disavowed "gaskiya", a cikin labarin "The ka'idodinta sake fasalin kudin: da juyin juya halin Musulunci tunani da kuma aiki."

Bayan wannan, da zalunci Andreeva. Yana duk ƙare haka da cewa mijinta, Nina Alexandrovna sha wahala da dama zuciya harin, amma sosai malami "rako" zuwa wurin aiki.

Abin da ke gaba?

Yana lalle ya yi wuya sauyi a Andreeva rayuwa. Amma, a 1989, ta gangarawa da All-Union Society (Party) "Unity", Kare Leninism da kuma Rasha siyasa akida. A shekarar 1991, Andreev ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar "Bolshevik Platform na CPSU"

Kuma tare da ƙarshen kaka na wannan shekara, Nina zama shugaban kungiyar "All-Union jam'iyyar kwaminis." Amma bisa ga 'yar wasan kwaikwayon, ta taba fatan samu iko. Yana duk ya faru da kanta.

Biye da wata lacca a gaban dalibai na institute cewa "gurguzanci ne iya karawa." A wannan yanayin, mace siyasa, da wani babban shugaba, ya rayu a wani suna fadin biyar-storey Apartment, ba damu zuwa matsalolin da suka shafi inganta rayuwar yau da kullum.

sananne ayyukansu

A layi daya da ta hayayyafa siyasa aiki Nina Andreeva lokaci rubuta littattafai da buga articles:

1. A tarin 368 pages: "Nepodarennye ka'idodin, ko A Brief History of perestroika", 1993.
2. "Ƙiren ƙarya gurguzanci ne unacceptable", 1992.
3. Tarin lakcoci "Ga Bolshevism a kwaminisanci motsi", 2002.
4. Famous labarin na 2 shafuna - "Ba zan iya daina ka'idojin", 1988.

Me suka ce a cikin shahararrun labarin?

A cikin bazara, Maris 13, Andreeva labarin da aka buga a 1988, "Ba zan iya daidaitawa a kan ka'idojin." Rubutu na wasiƙa ne a kira daga zuciya na Soviet malami. A labarin da Allah wadai da kayan da aka buga a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, a cikin abin da bayan da farkon aiwatar da sake fasalin kudin shirin fara aibanta gurguzanci da Stalin ta siyasa.

Andreev ce cewa, ba shakka, kamar duk Soviet mutane, shi yana da wani mummunan hali ga manufofin shugabanci da Tarayyar Soviet sau, a lokacin da akwai kisan kiyashi, da za'ayi harin ramuwar gayya da mutane (30-40s). Amma kamar yadda Nina nuna cewa ba lallai ba ne su raba su fushi a manufofin daga cikin tsoffin shugabannin matsayin dukan, kamar yadda aka yi a kafofin watsa labarai.

Andreeva a cika gõde Stalin a cikin wasika. Kamar yadda m muhawara mace take kaiwa wani karya ne da wasika zuwa Churchill. Malamin yana bukatar koma jam'iyya daya da kuma aji kimantawa Stalin ta siyasa. A cewar Andreev, abin da aka ce a cikin latsa a lokacin da rubuce-rubuce na rubutu ya tarwatsa yunkurin fahimtar tarihi ya maye gurbin facts.

Marubucin ya ce da mutanen da suka zarga gurguzanci, ne mabiya na West kuma cosmopolitanism. Magoya bayan "baƙauye gurguzanci" aka kuma hõre tausayi zargi daga Andreeva. A gabatarwar da labarin amfani da wani quote Gorbachev, a cikin abin da manufofin ya furta cewa, a karkashin wani hujjar ba zai iya yin sulhu akai da akidar Karl Marx-Leninist ka'idojin.

Me sa'an nan?

A karshen watan Maris shekarar 1988 wata wasika Niny Andreevoy tattauna a Politburo a neman dauki na gaggawa na Mikhail Gorbachev. A taron , Dmitry Yazov goyon malami, sa da karfafawa a kan isa yabo na Stalin a lokacin Great Patriotic War. nasara ba za a iya cimma wai ba tare da wani shugaba.

Domin da yawa masu bincike da kuma masana tarihi na lokacin bayyanar da labarin da kuma m tattaunawa iya zama key abubuwa na sake fasalin takardun kudin. Amma a cewar marubucin (Andreeva), ta wasika mai mayar da martani ga nassoshin Prohanova Aleksandra.

miji Andreeva

Bayan samun digiri, Nina Andreeva aure wani malamin guda jihar da ta yi aiki. Biography da ra'ayinmu game da rayuwa na maza sun yi kama.

Haifi VI Klyushin Janairu 23, 1926. Bayan makarantar sakandare sai ya shiga Birnin Leningrad, Flying makaranta. A lokacin da kewaye na gari yi aiki a wani tarin harsasai factory lathe. A 1943 Klyushin suka tafi wajen ƙofar, inda ya kasance a Komsomol shugaban submachine kamfanin. Ya aka ji rauni mai tsanani a shekarar 1944, a wurin yaƙi a gare Leningrad. Bayan asibiti mutumin bauta wa a farko Tomsk harbi School, sa'an nan ya wãyi gari kwamanda ne na wani mutanena su ka a cikin harbi. Ina da wani yawa na lambobin yabo da lambar yabo ga kasar ta kare.

Bayan kammala aikin soja Klushin shiga Birnin Leningrad, Jami'ar Jihar. Zhdanov, da Faculty of Falsafa. Bayan karbar diploma, bayan makarantar sakandare, ya tafi zuwa aiki a Cibiyar Chemical Technology. A shekara ta 1971 ya kare doctorate, kuma ya kasance wani farfesa.

Klyushin Andreeva, kuma ya rayu tare na dogon rai. A watan Oktoba 1996, wani mutum ya mutu. A jihar ya kiwon lafiya ta shafa gajiyan na marigayi 80-ies, a lokacin da gefen matarsa, da dukan 'yan uwa garzaya daga ko'ina uncomplimentary jawabinsa. Duk da haka mata Andreeva alfahari da matarsa, da aka ta goyon baya da kuma goyon bayan sauran kwanaki.

Rasha (Soviet) sunadarai Nina Andreeva gudummawar da tarihi na perestroika kuma ya zauna a cikin memory na mutane da yawa. Ta rubuce-rubuce yara koyi a makaranta tarihi darussa. Bugu da kari, wani sananne sunadarai da kuma malamin da gudummawar da ya kimiyya aiki. Amma ga masu rinjaye na yau matasa da shi zai kasance mai "kaka-Ninulkoy", da zarar ya kira ta yara, da wata mace wanda ya iya tsayayya da tsarin, suke kare ra'ayin siyasa, da kuma} ungiyoyin wuri.