Kimiyya style: fasali. Rabe-raben harsuna fasali na kimiyya style

Kimiyya style siffofin waxanda suke da batun binciken ga masana ilimin harsuna, shi ne mai sa na musamman jawabin dabaru, amfani da yafi a cikin kimiyya, fasaha, kimiyya da kuma rare filin ga magana da kisan da dama abun ciki da kuma manufa ideas, shiriritar, nasarori.

Sifofinsu kimiyya texts

Kimiyya da rubutu - wannan shi ne sakamakon, ko sakamakon wani rahoto a kan bincike ayyuka, wanda aka halitta da kungiyar na mutane da dacewa gwaninta to ta ji da kimantawa. Domin su sa shi a matsayin m kamar yadda zai yiwu, marubucin yana Resort ga yin amfani da m harshe, musamman wajen da kuma hanyoyin da gabatar. Mafi sau da yawa kimiyya da rubutu - shi ne aka buga, ko kuma aka yi nufi ga print aiki. Don da rubutu na wani kimiyya da shirin da kuma aka shirya musamman kayan for baka gabatarwa, misali, rahoton a kan taro ko ilimi laccoci.

A halayyar fasali na kimiyya style - tsaka tsaki sautin, haƙiƙa m, kuma m, ginannun rubutu, da samuwan takamaiman terminology da kuma albarkatun ilimin harshe, dauka tsakanin masana kimiyya mai ma'ana da kuma isassun gabatar.

Iri na kimiyya style

Yaduwar na rubuta nau'i na wanzuwar ayyukan kimiyya style kayyade tushe, balance, tsabta da abun da zane.

Rabuwa da kimiyya matani a kan irin da iri da aka bayyana, na farko, da bambancin da abubuwa da aka bayyana da yawa tarbiyya, ciki bincike da masana kimiyya, da m masu sauraro tsammanin. Akwai asali jaddadawa na kimiyya wallafe-wallafe, wanda ya raba da ayoyin zuwa kimiyya da fasaha, kimiyya, jin kai, kimiyya da na halitta. Za a iya gano da kuma mafi takamaiman sublanguage cewa wanzu a cikin kowane daga cikin sciences - aljabara, o, a fannin kimiyyar siyasa, da dai sauransu

M. P. Senkevich ginannun siffofin kimiyya style a cikin mataki na "kimiyya" na karshe samfurin da ya gano da wadannan iri:

1. Tsananin kimiyya style (aka - Academic) hankula ga tsanani aikin sadaukar da kunkuntar da'irar kwararru da kuma dauke da bincike ra'ayi marubucin - monographs, articles, kimiyya rahotanni.

2. Sirri na hakan ko kimiyya al'adunmu dauke da sakandare bayanai kayan (abstracts, Sidewiki) - aka halitta su a cikin wani kimiyya ko m kimiyya yayi alkalin style.

3. A raba kimiyya da kuma talla masana'antu talla yankin da aka nuna sakamakon da amfanin musamman kayayyakin - sabon ci gaba a fasaha, Electronics, sunadarai, pharmacology, da kuma sauran fannoni na amfani da kimiyya.

4. Research da reference books (kundayen, collections, kamus, kundayen) ne aka yi nufi ga samar da wani musamman dunkule, m, ba tare da cikakken bayani, kawai don nuna wa mai karatu da facts.

5. A musamman yanki na aikace-aikace na ilimi da kimiyya adabi, an buga ka'idojin kimiyya da kuma kara didactic bangaren na bayar da misali abubuwa da kuma kayan for maimaitawa (ilimi wallafe for daban-daban makarantun).

6. Popular kimiyya wallafe ne tarihin rayuwa da shahararrun mutane, tarihin asalin na daban-daban mamaki, a labarinsa na events da binciken, kuma akwai don mai fadi da kewayon sha'awar jam'iyyun, godiya ga misalai, misalai, bayani.

Kadarorin kimiyya rubutu

Text halitta a cikin wani kimiyya style, shi ne daidaita rufaffiyar tsarin.

Babban fasali na kimiyya style - yarda da wallafe-wallafen harshen, da yin amfani da daidaitattun jũya, kuma maganganu, da yin amfani da hanyoyi na "mai hoto" alamomin da dabarbari na harshe, da yin amfani da nassoshi da footnotes. Alal misali, kullum yarda a kimiyya al'umma ne clichés: za mu mayar da hankali a kan matsalar ... ya kamata a lura da cewa ... samu a lokacin wadannan karatu ya kai ga wadannan karshe ..., ci gaba da bincike na ..., da dai sauransu

Don aika da kimiyya bayanai abubuwa amfani 'wucin gadi' harshe - Graphic: 1) graphics, zane-zane, tubalan, Figures, zane. 2) A dabarbari da kuma alamomin. 3) A takamaiman sharuddan da lexical fasali na kimiyya stilya- misali, sunayen jiki yawa, ilmin lissafi alamomin, da dai sauransu.

Referential inji (footnotes, da ayoyi, footnotes) Forms mafi m misali na batun kwayoyin halitta da kuma jawabin ne da ake aiwatar da ingancin kimiyya rubuce-rubuce, na daidaiton ambato kuma verifiable kafofin.

Saboda haka, kimiyya style, wanda aka musamman halin da dacewa norms na adabi harshe, shi ne daidaito, tsabta da kuma conciseness cikin sharuddan bincike ideas. Ga wani kimiyya bayani ne halayyar monologue form, da labari dabaru bayyana consistently, karshe tsara a matsayin cikakken da kuma m, a cikin hankali da magana.

Rara tsarin kimiyya rubutu

Kowane rubutu na da kimiyya style of yi na dabaru, wasu cikakken tsari, ya dace structuring dokokin. Yawanci, da bincike bãyukansu to da wadannan makirci:

• gabatarwa ne ga matsalar, barata ta munasaba, asali;
• da kasafi na binciken batutuwa (a wasu lokuta, da abu).
• Manufar-saitin, yanke shawara a cikin shakka daga cimma wasu manufofin.
• review kimiyya wallafe-wallafe, a kowace hanya shafi batun na nazari, a description na msar tambayar da methodological tsarin domin aikin. terminology na da hakki.
• msar tambayar da m muhimmancin kimiyya ayyukansu.
• abun ciki na bincike aikin.
• bayanin irin gwaji, idan shi ne aka gudanar.
• sakamakon bincike, ginannun karshe a kan ta da sakamakon.

Harshe siffofin: ƙamus

Shagala sautin kuma kowa yana da siffar da lexical fasali na kimiyya style:

1. A amfani da takamaiman kalmomi a cikin dabi'u, ruwan dare kalmomi m darajar (girma, permeability, juriya, rikici stagnation derivation, bibliography, da dai sauransu).

2. A kalmomi na yau da kullum abubuwa dauka a kan a cikin mahallin na kimiyya aikin terminological ko kowa yana da darajar. Wannan ya shafi, misali, fasaha sharuddan: kama nada, da dai sauransu tube.

3. Ainihin ma'anar a cikin kimiyya da rubutu kai da sharuddan, amma su gwargwado ne ba iri daya ba a cikin daban-daban na kayayyakin. The sharuddan aka gabatar a cikin wurare dabam dabam wasu Concepts, daidai da ma'ana definition of wanda - a zama dole yanayin ga wani kwararren rubuta rubutu (ethnogenesis, gene ba tare da kalaman).

4. Domin ayyukan da kimiyya style ne halin da abbreviations da slozhnosokraschennye kalmomi: wallafa gidan, Gost, Gosplan, miliyan, cibiyoyin bincike.

Rabe-raben harsuna fasali na kimiyya style, musamman a fannin ƙamus, aikin fuskantarwa ne: kowa yana da m yanayin da abu, haƙiƙa, ra'ayin da karshe na marubucin, na daidaiton duk bayanai gabatar.

Harshe siffofin: ilimin halittar jiki

Morphological fasali na kimiyya style:

1. A cikin nahawu matakin yin amfani da wasu siffofin kalmomi da phrases, da kuma gina wani tsari don ƙirƙirar wani abstraction na kimiyya da rubutu: Notes cewa ... alama cewa ..., da dai sauransu

2. fi'ilai a cikin mahallin na kimiyya texts saya ma'ana maras lokaci, jimlace. Haka advantageously amfani da siffofin da yanzu da kuma bayan lokaci. Su canzawar ba ya hašawa da wani "pictorial" ko da muhimmancin da labari, a kan m - suka nuna wa juna bayyana sabon abu: marubucin bayanin kula, da maki .... Yana taimaka wa manufar warware matsaloli, da dai sauransu

3. A m fi'ilai ajizai form (kamar 80%) kuma a haɗe zuwa kimiyya rubutu jimlace darajar. A barga gudu amfani perfective fi'ilai: kalle .... show misalai da dai sauransu Amfani da m-sirri da kuma m siffofin da tabawa da takalifi ko larura: halaye ake magana a kai .... dole ne su iya ...; kada mu manta game da ...

4. A cikin m amfani darajar da turawa yanzu fi'ilai: to a tabbatar da ...; ... jujjũya, a. dauke da matsaloli da sauransu. Irin wannan fi'ili siffofin sa shi yiwuwa a mayar da hankali a kan bayanin irin tsari, tsarin da inji. A wannan darajar a takaice m participles: D EFINITIONS ba .... rate za a iya daidaita da dai sauransu

5. A kimiyya magana ma amfani da gajeren manufofi kamar: hali ne na hali.

6. A hankula alama na kimiyya magana ne wakilin mu, da ake amfani maimakon ni. Wannan dabara samar da irin wannan halaye kamar yadda marubucin tufafin, objectivity, generality: A cikin shakka daga bincike, mu zo ga ƙarshe ... (maimakon: Na zo ga ƙarshe ...).

Harshe siffofin: ginin kalma

Rabe-raben harsuna fasali na kimiyya style cikin sharuddan ginin kalma dangane gano magana da wani takamaiman hanyar tunani da masanin kimiyyar: zane, yi amfani da cikin nan, da suke tsaka tsaki da kuma vernacular. Mai hankula ne liyafar syntactic matsawa, matsawa ne da za'ayi a lokacin da adadin rubutu yayin da kara ta bayanai abun ciki da kuma ji na cikar abu. Wannan ne yake aikata ta amfani da musamman shiri na phrases da sentences.

Syntactic fasali na kimiyya style:

1. A amfani da attributive phrases "suna + suna a cikin genitive hali": da metabolism, da liquidity na kudin naúrar ga dismantling, da dai sauransu

2. Ma'anar bayyana siffa, a yi amfani da ma'anar kalma: unconditioned reflex, da m mark, da dai sauransu tarihi review.

3. A kimiyya style (ma'anar, muhawara, karshe) ne halin a kumshin maras predicate tare da wani suna, yawanci tare da saukar da fi'ilin jijiya: Kallon - shi ne mai asali fahimi tsari .... Sabawa daga tuta implementations na harshe - daya daga cikin mafi burgewa da yaro ta magana. Wani kowa "dabara predicate" shi ne a fili da wani gajeren maras predicate participle: za a iya amfani da su.

4. Adverbs kamar yadda hali bauta wa ingancin halaye ko kaddarorin da diddigin sabon abu: gagarumin, ban sha'awa, rinjayarwa, a wani sabon hanyar. duk wadannan da kuma sauran abubuwan da suka faru suna da kyau rubuce a cikin littattafan tarihi ....

5. The syntactic tsarin sentences bayyana na ra'ayi abun ciki, don haka da misali ga ilimi da rubuce-rubucen complets tayin wani labari irin tare da ƙungiyar dangane tsakanin sassanta, tsaka tsaki cikin sharuddan style lexical abun ciki da kuma normative domin na kalmomi: Dole ne in ce cewa zoopsychologists dogon, wuya da kuma unsuccessfully kokarin koyar da mafi m humanoid (biri) sauti harshe. Daga cikin hadaddun jimla aka mamaye a ƙarƙashin daya: tsakanin hankali da kuma harshen shi ne na farko matsakaici sadarwa tsarin, wanda ake kira da aikin Dalili na magana.

6. Da muhimmancin interrogative sentences - domin jawo hankali ga ajali abu, bayyana zato kuma shiriritar: Watakila biri ne iya alama harshe?

7. Don m, da gangan m kwarara daga bayanai da aka yadu amfani da daban-daban iri m sentences: ga matsayi daidai nau'o'i hada abuta (. M magana, chatter, da dai sauransu) ... haka jaddada son zama haƙiƙa binciken, mukaddashin a madadin wani ra'ayin kowa kimiyya al'umma .

8. Domin zana causal dangantaka tsakanin mamaki, a kimiyya da harshen amfani da hadaddun sentences with coordinative da subordinating jam'iyya connection. Sau da yawa akwai rikitarwa conjunctions: saboda gaskiyar cewa, duk da cewa, saboda da cewa, saboda, alhãli kuwa, alhãli kuwa, yayin da, da dai sauransu tartsatsi hadaddun sentences with. Adventitious izjasnitelnyh, attributive, Yanã, yanayi, lokaci na gudanar da bincike.

yana nufin sadarwa a cikin kimiyya da rubutu

Kimiyya style siffofin waxanda suke a cikin takamaiman amfani da albarkatun ilimin harshe, dogara ba kawai a kan dokokin tsarin na harshe, amma kuma a kan dokokin da dabaru.

Saboda haka, shi ne ma'ana ga ra'ayinsu, da bincike dole ne amfani da morphological fasali na kimiyya style kuma syntactical yiwuwa ga mahaɗi a cikin mutum sassa na da sanarwa. Wannan dalili ne bauta da dama syntactic constructions, hadaddun sentences with daban daban iri "kalmomi-shirye-shiryen bidiyo", ya bayyana shiga, fi'ili participle phrases da aka jera da sauransu.

A nan ne babban wadanda:

• kwatanta wani mamaki (as ... a matsayin ...);
• da yin amfani da a haɗa sentences dauke da ƙarin bayani game da gaya a cikin babban part;
• fi'ili participle phrases ma dauke da ƙarin kimiyya bayanai;
• gabatarwa kalmomi da phrases, ƙarya constructions ana amfani da shi don sadarwa tsakanin na ginin jumla raka'a cikin guda jumla, da kuma sakin layi na jerawa.
• "Word-shirye-shiryen bidiyo" (misali, a cikin irin wannan hanya, don haka a halin yanzu, a ƙarshe, a cikin wasu kalmomi, kamar yadda muka gani) ana amfani da su kafa wata ma'ana dangane tsakanin sassa daban daban na rubutu.
• uniform na jumla zama dole domin da canja wurin da Azancin kama Concepts.
• m amfani da stereotyped tsarin, daidaito da kuma conciseness syntactic tsarin.

Saboda haka, kimiyya style, musamman sadarwa da cewa mun gani - quite a barga tsarin, yana da wuya a canza. Duk da m dama ga kimiyya aiki tsarin, gudana tawurin dokoki na kimiyya texts taimaka "ci gaba da siffar."

A harshen da style of rare kimiyya rubutu

Presentation daga cikin kayan a cikin kimiyya da kuma rare adabi kusa da tsaka tsaki, obscheliteraturnogo kamar yadda mai karatu yayi wani musamman zaba facts, ban sha'awa fannoni, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa na tarihi zane. A tsari na gabatar da irin wannan data dole ne m ga wadanda ba kwararru, saboda haka, da zabi na kayan, da tsarin na shaida da misalai, da iri na gabatar da bayanai, kazalika da harshe da kuma salon da ayyukan da suka shafi kimiyya da kuma rare adabi, ya bambanta da ɗan daga ainihin kimiyya rubutu.

Don ganin siffofin da m kimiyya style a kwatanta da kimiyya, za ka iya amfani da tebur:

kimiyya style	Kimiyya-m style
Marubucin da mai karatu - ne daidai da ilmi game da batun na furcin.	Marubucin abubuwa a matsayin wani gwani mai karatu - a matsayin "layman".
Yawan janar kimiyya ƙamus da kuma terminology ne sau da yawa hadaddun formulations da hujjoji.	The sharuddan bayyana m ga mai karatu ta harshen, babban sakamakon ba tare da cikakken bayani.
Baruwan style.	Ba fi'ili magana.

Kimiyya-m style ya shafi mutane da yawa daga kudi na zuwa kasa da harshe, amma fasali na asali da ya bada aikin halaye na yin amfani da wadannan kudi, da bayani dalla-dalla na kungiyar na rubutu na kimiyya aiki

Saboda haka, fasali na kimiyya style ne takamaiman lexical da nahawu wajen, syntactic dabara ta da rubutu zama "bushe", kuma m, m ga mai ƙunci daga da'irar kwararru. Kimiyya-m style aka tsara don sa labarin game da duk wani kimiyya sabon abu m ga mai fadi da'irar masu karatu ko sauraro ( "sauki ga hadaddun"), don haka ya aka rufe a kan mataki na daukan hotuna da ayyukan art da aikin jaridar style.