"Kiss" by Gustav Klimt: tarihin halitta da bayanin

Ayyukan Gustav Klimt an san su a ko'ina cikin duniya, amma mafi mashahuri shine zanen "Kiss". Ba tare da dalili ba yana kira ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun halittun mai masauki. Bisa ga kyakkyawa, tsarkaka da ƙauna cikin dukan rashin daidaito.

Game da wizard

Haihuwar Gustav Klimt a Austria, a tsakiyar karni na XXI. Yuli 14, 1862 - Ranar farin ciki ga zane-zanen Austrian, domin yana godiya ga mai zane-zane a ciki, ya samo asali kuma ya sami karfin zamani. A cikin ayyukansa ya raira waƙa game da kyakkyawa na jikin mace a farkon, saboda haka babban ɓangare na aikinsa yana ɓarna ne ta hanyar rikici.

Mahaifin Klimt shi ne mawaka, wanda, idan bai yanke shawararsa ba, akalla tura shi zuwa hanya madaidaiciya.

Ya samu wani dace da ilimi a cikin School of ado Arts, wanda aka located in Vienna.

Rayuwa ta kasance mai jinƙai ga mai zane, ya san daraja da daraja yayin da yake da rai, ya zama Farfesa a Jami'ar Arts na mahaifarsa.

Gustav Klimt ya mutu ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1918.

Matsayin ci gaba

Ayyuka na farko, "samfurori na ƙwararriyar fasaha," mafi yawa sun ƙunshi frescoes waɗanda suka ƙawata cibiyoyin jama'a - alal misali, wasan kwaikwayo. Dukan zane-zanen da aka yi a cikin salon "naturalism".

Bayanin farko na mutum, wanda ya nuna hotunan "Kiss", ana iya gani a cikin zane na Tarihin Tarihin Tarihi. A nan ne Klimt a 1891 ya tsara nauyin matakan, yana nuna alamomi masu nuna alamar da suka nuna ƙaunar da ake yi wa masanin wasa don bayyana, tabbatar da silhouettes da ornamentalism. Duk da haka, bayan lokaci, ka'idar aikin gyare-gyare na canzawa - ta ƙarshen karni na XIX sun sami karin alama da kayan ado.

Gustav Klimt - ba tare da ƙara fadada mayar da hankali ga gaba da Austrian gaban-garde a cikin karni na karni. Ya yi aiki sosai a cikin ayyukan Cibiyar Saliyo, wadda aka kafa ta hanyar masu fasaha a fagen zane.

Ayyukan da suka fi muhimmanci a Klimt (kuma shahararrun zanen "Kiss" ciki har da) sun kasance a cikin ƙarshen lokacin kirkirarra - yana a wannan mataki cewa dukkan hotuna suna da ban mamaki ga nuna gaskiya, tasiri mai mahimmanci na "mosaic" da hotuna masu rikitarwa waɗanda suka canza hali har ma sun dogara da canjin wurin dubawa . Ayyukan zane-zane sun nuna nuna daidaituwa da gwagwarmayar adawa, waɗanda masu falsafa suna raira waƙa. A gefe ɗaya, Gustav yana sha'awar 'yanci a cikin aiwatar da abubuwa. Wannan ƙishirwa yana karya canons, ya sa mu gane abubuwan da aka rubuta daga ra'ayi na alama, tun da yake Klimt yayi ƙoƙarin ba wa mai kallo dukan bambancin da rashin fahimta na duniya, wanda ya fi yadda gaskiyar da lokacin da muke ji. A gefe guda, yana bauta wa abin da yake faruwa a yau, yana yaba yanayi a cikin dukan yanayinta, shimfiɗa kayan ado.

Kambi na halitta

Girmanci mafi girma tsakanin masu sanannun Art Nouveau da kuma zane-zane a cikin hoto na G. Klimt "The Kiss".

Ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan aikin yana da "zamanin zinari" na mai zane-zane-zane shi ne cewa sha'awarsa ga zane-zane na kayan aiki, wanda aka bayyana a cikin yawan gilding, ya bayyana.

Duk da haka, ayyukan Klimt sune irin wannan zinari bai zama bace bane kuma baya bayar da tunani game da kerubobi masu tsummoki. Launi a wannan yanayin yana zama mai haɗari, wanda ke inganta ƙimar da aka samu ta hoton.

Marubucin zanen "Kiss" ya yi aiki a wannan shekara, yana da wani yanayi mai ban sha'awa tsakanin 1907 da 1908.

Tarihin halitta

Bisa ga ra'ayin da aka yarda da ita, tarihin bayyanar hoton yana kamar haka. Count, wanda sunan bai isa gare mu ba, ya umarci mai zanen hoto kyauta don amarya. Babban yanayin ga abokin ciniki shi ne cewa da jadawali da amarya da za a nuna Fused a wani m sumba.

Kamar yadda mai zane-zane ya tsara, kowa ya san, amma mai tsauraran ra'ayi, yana ƙoƙarin faɗakar da ƙaunatacciyarsa, ya yarda. Duk da haka, yana da sha'awar tambaya ɗaya. Me yasa labarun magoya bayan zane na taba taba juna? Klimt ya amsa cewa "wannan shi ne shirin," ya yi ƙoƙari ya nuna cikakken ƙauna da sha'awar sha'awar da take gaban sumba. Amsar ta yarda da abokin ciniki, kuma ya gabatar da hoton ga mai ƙaunarsa. Yarinyar ta damu sosai da aikin da ta karbe ta da hannu da zuciya.

Bayan dan lokaci, lokacin da aka riga an san hotunan Kiss Klimt, labarin ya kara da kansa. Ya bayyana cewa a rubuce-rubucen Gustav kansa yana da sha'awar yarinya. Kuma saboda jin kishin da ya yi ba ya kyale labarun Count ya taɓa labarunta.

Bayyana waje

Abubuwan da ke cikin hotunan ya zama mai sauƙi - yawancin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ko ƙwarewar halin da ake ciki. A cikin wannan duka Klimt - cikakke gaskiya da bayanin abin da yake da sha'awar gaske.

Gida mai launi, located a dutse. Couple a soyayya a kan wannan makiyaya, ware daga duniya, sufuri na musamman tare da juna da kuma janar ji. Matsariyar zinariya, babban janye na hoton, ba a ɗaure shi ba ko dai wurin ko zamanin. Mun gode wa wannan, ba a kirkirar girman aikin da rashin yiwuwarsa zuwa lokaci mai tsanani ba. Babu tarihin, babu cutar ga mutum da na halitta - komai. Hoton "Kiss" (hoto) yana nuna masu sauraro ne kawai masoya.

Janar ma'ana

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata a baya, an rubuta wannan zane a lokacin "kwanakin zinari" na Klimt, lokacin da ya rataya muhimmancin adadin zadumok na ado. By kuma manyan, a lokacin da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin shahararsa na ayyukan da artist ya buga wa soyayya na zinariya ganye. Wannan launi ya rinjayi masu sauraro a kullun, wanda za'a iya kira sihiri - yana janyo hankalinsa, mai ban sha'awa, ya ba da nauyi kuma yayi wahayi zuwa ga karfin zuciya wanda aka riki zuwa kashi. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa zinari ya fara yin fim din na farko a wajen yin ado na gine-ginen addini, shin ba?

Hakika, babu wanda zai iya faɗi abin da Gustav Klimt yake nufi a rubuce na rubuta aikinsa. Bayani na hoton "Kiss" daga duk wanda ya gan shi, shi ne zance. Duk da haka, kusan duk suna nuna irin wannan ra'ayi.

Hasken walƙiya wanda yake fitowa daga "Kiss" ya nuna ma'anar hoton. An rage zurfin hoton zuwa mafi ƙarancin - babu wani canje-canje, cikakkiyar ma'anar jirgi guda biyu. Saboda wannan motsawa zangon zane yana kusan kusan babu.

Haka ne, kuma halayen maza da mata na da mahimmanci - ya juya daga mai kallo, yana maida hankali ga ƙaunataccen, yana ware kansa daga duk abin da ke waje. Shi da ita suna aiki kawai tare da kansu.

Halin launuka da ado

Yawancin masu sukar sun ce hoto "Kiss" yana da alaƙa a dukan sikelin, amma a lokaci guda yana jaddada tufafi na jarumi. Duk da haka, idan kayi la'akari, zaka iya ganin bambanci a cikin tufafi - namiji yana da wuya, bayyananne siffofi, filayen a launin toka, baki da fari, yayin da mace take da ƙyallen daɗaɗɗen da aka nuna ta motar palette. Dangane da gaskiyar cewa suna haɗu da haɗin zinari na zinariya, wannan bambanci a cikin hotunan an watsi, musamman tun lokacin da aka lalata shi saboda girman kayan ado na hoto.

Bayani na baya-baya

Abin lura ne cewa tushen asalinsa, kashinsa, mutum ne. Shi ne wanda ke kewaye da mace, ya kunna bakinta ga mata. Wannan hanya ta amfani da Gustav Klimt. "Kiss" shine hoton da ya yi kama da wata nasara ta yanayi, bisa ga ƙarfin namiji da karfin mace. Mutumin ne wanda yake ƙayyade cikakken makamashi na zane - mai iko da girma, amma mai tausayi, mai ƙauna. Kodayenta ba daidai ba ne da kararrawa, dabi'ar namiji - yana sake jaddada wasu hakikanin gaskiya, "dabba" saninsa na dangantaka, wanda babu wurin zamantakewa, gwagwarmayar kare hakkoki da sauran abubuwa na rayuwa wadanda shekarun suke kokarin wanke iyakar tsakanin jinsi. Ya kasance akasin ƙaunataccen, an bayyana mace a durƙusa, ya haɗa kai da shi, duk lokacin da yake nuna biyayya da takarda.

Ɗaya sumba?

Abin takaici, yawancin mutane daya ne kawai suke gwada basirar wannan mai fasaha kamar Gustav Klimt. "Kiss" - hoton mai hikima a cikin gaskiyarsa da kuma dadi, amma ba'a ƙayyade shi ba. Cika wannan zalunci, za mu nuna haskaka wasu ayyukan zane, wanda basu cancanci kulawa ba.

Athena Pallada

Abin takaici ne sosai, nauyin counterweight zuwa "Kiss", amma daga wannan ba shi da tsarki. Wannan hoton da aka rubuta shekaru biyu kafin zuwan karni na XX - an fara wannan wuri na farko ga mace a nuna kansa a matsayin mutum. Har ma fiye - a wancan lokacin an yarda da ra'ayin da aka wakilci wakilai na kyawawan 'yan adam. A personification daga cikin wannan al'amari shi ne allahiya Athena Pallas - mayar da hankali da tunani, hikima da azama. Ta na da tabbacin kanta, ba ta shakkar nasara ba, sai kawai ta buƙatar shiga. Hoton "Kiss" yayi magana game da wani, ba haka ba? Duk da haka, a rubuce hoton akwai abubuwan da zasu zama katin klimt a nan gaba - ƙuƙwalwar jiki da kayan ado, gwarzo na hoton da bango - ɗaya duka. Kuma kawai duba cikin wadanda idanu! Duk ƙarfin zuciya da iko na duniya a cikin ra'ayinsu.

Golden Adele

A wannan hoton, an tsara ta ta hanyar masana'antun masana'antu, wanda ya yanke shawarar bayar da kyauta ga matarsa, Klimt ya juya cikin dukkan mayafinsa. Yana da wani abu ne na hakika da abstraction. Hanyoyin da ake yi na Mycenaean da kuma Masar suna ƙara sabbin abubuwa kuma suna ɓoye hankalin su don aiki. Har ila yau, labarin da ya wuce tare da ƙauna, babban mahimmanci shi ne, wannan lokacin da mawallafin ya karbi jin daɗi. Hoton "Kiss" ya nuna zenith na ƙaunar biyu, a cikin "Golden Adele" Klimt ya nuna alamar ƙauna, wadda ba ta taɓa rinjayar kyakkyawa, ƙarfin da yaduwar mace ba.

Sunanta shi Adel Bloch Bower. Ta auri wani mutumin da ya fi tsufa da ita, yana fama da ciwon kai kuma yana da alhakin taba. Klimt ya hayar da mijinta domin ya rubuta hoto na matarsa ƙaunatacce. An gudanar da taron a 1904, a lokaci guda kuma aikin ya fara a hoton. Kuma wata dangantaka tsakanin mashahurin da samfurin.

Mista Bloch Bauer ya lura da dangantakar tsakanin Gustav da Adele, amma ba su fara rikici ba. Ya yi shi da bambanci - ya aikata cewa a cikin bin hanyar ɗaukar hoto na musamman, ma'aurata sun ciyar da lokaci tare yadda ya kamata. Shirin ya ci nasara - jin dadin da aka kashe, masoya sun raunana juna. Bayanin sirri ya ƙare nan da nan, kamar yadda aka kammala Golden Adele.