Peter Brueghel Tsofaffi: zane (jerin)

Peter Bruegel Dattijai ne mai zane ne na Holland, shi ne sanannen shahararren marubuci wanda ya haifi wannan sunan. An haife shi a cikin shekara ta 1525, ya rayu kimanin shekaru 40, yana mutuwa a shekara ta 1569. Sunan mai suna "Manomi" shine Peter Bruegel. Hotuna da aka sanya su a mafi yawan lokuta a cikin irin wannan nau'i na fasaha kamar yadda ake gani. Bitrus yana da 'ya'ya biyu maza, Piter Breygel Matasa da kuma Yan Breygel Dattijon, da suke ma painters, amma kasa shahara. Ba a kafa ainihin ranar haihuwar masanin ba, amma ana kiran wurin shine birnin Brad, wanda yake yanzu a Arewa Brabant. Duk da haka, wasu masana tarihi sunyi imani cewa a ƙauyen Brugel, wanda yake kusa da birni da aka ambata, an haifi Peter Brueghel da Babba. Rayuwarsa ta cika da abubuwan ban sha'awa masu ban sha'awa. Alal misali, mai zane a cikin sa hannu a 1559 ya cire takarda, sai ya juya Bruegel (asalin Brueghel).

Da farko daga kerawa

Kuma a yau ya janye Peter Breugel Tsohon tare da hangen nesa. Ana zane-zanensa a manyan gidajen tarihi a duniya. Mai zane ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai zane-zane. Yayinda yake matashi, sai ya kai ga kotu kotu wanda yake da iko, Charles V. Painter Peter Cook van Alst ya koyar da wajansa da yawa. A cikin bitarsa, Peter Bruegel ya yi aiki har sai mutuwar malami wanda ya mutu a 1550. Bayan wani abin baƙin ciki, zane-zane ya shiga masallacin ɗalibai kuma ya tafi aiki don Jerome Cock, wanda ya buga rubutu. Bosch ta zane-zane da sha'awar da Pieter Bruegel da Dattijon. An haife shi da ra'ayin wani babban zane-zane kuma har ma ya kirkiro nasa bambancin akan abubuwan da ya kirkiro.

Tafiya a Turai

Mai jagoran ya gayyatar Peter Brueghel da Al'ummar ya yi tafiya a Turai gaba don ƙirƙirar shimfidar wurare don zane-zane. Ganin ya gigice mai zane. Tsarin sararin samaniya na Roma, kyawawan wurare na ƙasar Faransanci, manyan mashahuran Renaissance da kyawawan ruwa na Bahar Rum sun bar wata alama mai ban mamaki akan tunanin Brueghel. Kamar yadda masana kimiyya da dama sun yi imani, a Roma, mai zane ya yi aiki tare da mashaidi mai suna Giulio Clovio.

Na farko hotuna

A shekara ta 1563 ya auri 'yar mai ba da shawara mai suna Peter Bruegel. Hotunan da aka rubuta don zane-zane, duk sun gane cewa suna da kyau, suna bukatar. Don a faranta wa abokan cinikin kullun, Bitrus Bruegel, tsofaffi sukan ƙirƙira sa hannu, alal misali, Hieronymus Bosch, wanda yake zane da zane-zane. Bayan da ya aure aka rubuta da irin wannan shahara zane-zane a matsayin "Big kifi ci kananan" da "Jaka a makaranta." A 1557, Piter Breygel Dattijon ya halicci 'yan zana rubutu cewa wanda aka nuna wani mutum zunubi. A 1563, bayan samun kwarewa, mai zane ya koma tare da iyalinsa zuwa Brussels.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa

Peter Bruegel Tsohon ya bambanta kansa tare da dukkanin ayyukansa, ya rubuta kusan kome. Duk da haka, akwai abubuwa da mai zane ba ya fenti bisa manufa don dalilan da ba a sani ba. Don haka, ban taba zane hotunan ba, kuma ba a taba ganin dan jarida Peter Brueghel ba. Yawan zane-zane kusan kowane lokaci ya dace da wannan ka'ida. Hoton hoto kawai wanda wannan mai zanen ya zana shi shine "Shugaban Hawan Baya". Ko da yake, ba shakka, umarni don hotuna sun zo a cikin ɗumbin yawa. Sunan mai suna "Maƙwabta" Peter Bruegel da yaro ya karbi don kada ya dame shi tare da dansa.

Aminci ga Fatherland

Mai zane ya hotunan hotunan da ke nuna matsalolin al'umma da mugunta na mutane. Wannan Renaissance Pieter Bruegel da Dattijon ya da pinnacle na Dutch zanen. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu fasaha da yawa, idan ba na duniyar ba, to, tabbas Netherlands ne, ya zuba jari a cikin kowane halitta ɓoye daga ma'anar ido. Kuna iya fahimtar zane-zane na zane kawai daga ra'ayi na falsafa. Daya daga cikin manyan yankunan da aka yaki da da mũnãnan ayyuka na mutane. An tsara aikin mawallafin don kawowa ga dukan wahalar da aka samu ga kowane mutum. Wasu lokuta ma zalunci, jigogi na Peter Brueghel da tsofaffi yana janyo hankalin mutane. Suna faɗar gaskiya game da duniya. Duk da haka, ba duk abin da ke aiki ba yana da kyau, mai zane ba ya rabu da bege na ceton mutane, yana da mafarki kuma ya nuna wa mutane ra'ayin jituwa, ƙungiyar duniya bisa ga dabi'a.

Ma'anar hotuna

A lokacin rayuwar Peter Brueghel, tsofaffi a Turai, Inquisition ya ci gaba. A ko'ina, musamman ma a kananan garuruwan, an kashe mutane ne da gangan saboda rashin amincewa da su. Litattafan, kamar yadda masu kashe su suka yi imani, an kone su a kan gungumen, suka binne a cikin ƙasa da rai, suka nutsar da kuma sunyi mummunar azabtarwa. Don duk wani rashin amincewar da ba a tallafawa da gaskiya ba, sun biya bashin, shi ya sa mutane sukan ba da maƙwabtan su azabtar da Inquisition. Game da duk wannan, yawan hotuna da Peter Brueghel da Tsohon ya fada.

Ƙarshen rayuwa

Mai zane ya mutu a 1569 a Brussels. Yawancin kwanan nan halittarsa ita ce "Ƙarfin Gaskiya" (bisa ga van Mander, marubuta da kuma zane-zane). Ya kuma yi iƙirari cewa wannan hoton ya fi kyau a cikin Peter Bruegel Alhamis.

Jerin wasu hotuna:

• "Masu hallaka masu nisa";
• "Dance Dance";
• "Bikin aure";
• "Misanthrope";
• "Misalin mai Makafi";
• "Jira a kan Gudun";
• "Sojan Uku";
• "Cripples";
• "Juyawa daga Saul";
• "Girma ga Magi a cikin yanayin hunturu";
• "Dance Dance".

Mafi shahararren halitta

Bisa ga yawancin masu sani, mafi kyawun halitta shine "Flemish karin magana". An halicci wannan hoton a 1559, yana fada game da abubuwan ban sha'awa a rayuwar mutane. Mareinissen, sanannen sukar fasaha, ya bayyana ma'anar aikin kowane mutum a cikin hoton. "Fried karin magana" gaya a cikin misali kwatankwacin rayuwa, characters, tunani na mutane. Alal misali: "Za ta ɗaure shaidan ga matashin kai" - ba ta jin tsoron ko Allah ko shaidan: wannan yunkuri zai iya hana dancin da ya fi damuwa; Tsutsa kamar jahannama. "Gana wani ginshiƙi" - munafuki, ginshiƙi na cocin, munafuki, mai tsarki. Sabili da haka sosai game da kowane jarumi na hoton.

Zanen "Hasumiyar Babel"

Yawancin abubuwa sune daga cikin shahararrun mutane a duniya, Bruegel Peter ne ya haife shi. Hasumiyar Babel yana ɗaya daga cikinsu. An rubuta a 1563, yau ana adana a Vienna. Yana da wuya a yi tsammani hotunan yana nuna labarin daya daga cikin labarun Littafi Mai-Tsarki: hadawar harsuna daban-daban da kuma watsar da mutane. Peter Bruegel yaro ne mafi kyawun iya nuna hoton mai girma, wanda ya zama har abada. Mutane suna so su tashi zuwa ga Allah, amma ba su yi nasara ba.

Zanen "Ku bauta wa sarakuna"

An rubuta zane a 1564. Yana da Littafi Mai Tsarki. Yana nuna Yesu Almasihu lokacin da yake jariri, tare da Budurwa, da masu arziki suna gabatar da kyaututtuka ga Ɗan Allah. Wani suna na aikin shine "Ado na Magi". An ajiye zane a London, a cikin National Gallery.

Hotuna «Wasan yara»

Wannan halitta Peter Bruegel Al'ummar da aka haifa a 1560. Hoton "Wasanni na Yara" yana nuna titin da yawancin yara suke wasa. Kamar yadda a cikin duk aikin mai zane, akwai ma'anar ɓoye. Dalilin hoto shine cewa mai zane ya kwatanta rayuwar mutane tare da wasanni na yara. Ta haka ne, Peter Bruegel Alkalin ya nuna irin yadda mutum yake. Mutanen da suke cikin hoton ba su da murmushi, suna nuna ayyukan da yawancin suke yi, da kuma yadda ake ba su cikakken rayuwa.