Yadda za a tantance ƙananan nauyi

Duk wani abu yana da halaye. Kuma babban halayen duk wani abu - nauyin, ko kuma wajen - nauyin nauyin, nauyin nauyin nauyin jiki na musamman da ƙarar da wannan jikin yake shagaltar. Wannan alamar yana biye da ma'anar kwayoyin halitta. Yana da ta wurinsa cewa muna yin sauyawa zuwa ga ma'anar 'yanci. Matsala a gare mu ba ta zama amorphous taro ba, tana ƙoƙari don tsakiyar cibiyar. To, misali - tsarin hasken rana - dukkan jikinsa sun bambanta dangane da ƙananan nauyi (yadda za a tantance ƙananan nauyi - kadan ƙananan), saboda suna da nauyin nauyin da girma. Idan muka ɗauki duniya da ɗakunanta (lithosphere, hydrosphere, yanayi) daban, yana nuna cewa suna da kwarewarsu ta musamman, daban da kuma mutum.

Hakazalika, abubuwa masu sinadarai sune nauyin nauyin su, amma kawai kwayoyin. Hakanan yana nuna nauyin nauyi. A hanyar, akwai wasu abubuwa da za a iya wakiltar su a cikin tsabta, da dukan sauran mahaukaci, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna da karko kuma suna ɗauke da sunan abubuwa masu sauki. A cikin lithosphere na duniyarmu akwai fiye da ɗari biyar, kowannensu da ƙananan nauyi. Yadda yin lissafi da rabo daga? Kuma duk da haka, za a iya yin haka?

Hakika. A yanzu, kuma kuyi la'akari da yadda za a tantance ainihin nauyin. Zai fi kyau a yi wannan a kan wasu misalai, don haka ya fi fahimta.

1. Alal misali, kai ne shugaban wani shagon katako kuma yana son sanin yadda za a lissafta takamaiman nauyin sayar da takamaiman kayan aiki ko kayan aiki a wannan yanayin. Ya kamata a san: girman girman sayar da samfurin musamman da ƙarar duka. Sakamakon muna da: samfurin samfurin - jirgi, kudaden shiga - 15500 (rub), nauyin nauyi - 81.6%; Nau'in samfurin - katako, kudaden shiga - 30000 (rub), nauyin nauyin 15.8%; Nau'in samfurin - croaker, kudaden shiga - 190000 (Rub), ƙayyadaddun nauyin 2.6%. Jimlar: kudaden shiga - 190,000, da nauyin kima (duka), daidai da 100%. Yaya za a lissafta ƙayyadadden nauyin katako? Mun raba 155,000 da 190,000 kuma ninka ta mutum ɗari. Mun sami 81.6%. Wannan shi ne nauyin nauyin katako.

2. Yaya za a tantance ainihin nauyin kowane abu?

Ƙididdiga ta musamman don wasu dalili yana rikita rikicewa da yawa, kodayake ra'ayoyin sun bambanta. Matsayi na musamman ba ya nufin halaye na kimiyya na jiki kuma ya bambanta da yawa, misali, nauyi ta nauyi.

2.1.) Density - rabo daga taro zuwa girma, da kuma musamman nauyi - rabo daga nauyin zuwa girma, wannan tsari za a iya wakilta kamar haka: γ = mg / V. Kuma idan ma'auni shine rabo daga jikin da aka ba da shi zuwa girman wannan jiki, to, zamu rubuta takarda don gano takamaiman nauyin, a cikin wannan tsari: γ = ρg.

2.2.) Idan ana so, za ka iya samun ƙananan nauyi ta hanyar girma da taro, ko ta hanya gwaji, ta hanyar kwatanta dabi'u na matsa lamba. A nan za a yi amfani da lissafin hydrostatics: P = Po + γh. Amma wannan hanya ta dace ne kawai a cikin yanayin lokacin da aka auna yawan yawan ma'auni ba tare da banda. A wannan yanayin, mahimmanci don gano takamaiman nauyin zai ɗauki nau'i: γ = P-Po / h. Ana yin amfani da wannan daidaituwa don bayyana tashar sadarwa da aikin su. Bisa ga gwaji data ne gaskiya ƙarshe: kowane abu a cikin sadarwa tasoshi, za a yi da kansa tsawo da kansa kudi na yada tare ganuwar da jirgin ruwa wanda wannan abu ne.

2.3.) Don yin lissafi (ƙidaya) ƙananan nauyi, zamu iya amfani da wata ƙari (Ƙarƙashin Archimedes). Kuna tuna da darussan makaranta a fannin kimiyyar lissafi? Watakila, kawai 'yan za su amsa a gaskiya. Saboda haka, muna refresh da ƙwaƙwalwar: da Archimedes karfi silyl buoyancy. Bari mu ce muna da kaya tare da wani taro (za mu sanya wannan nauyin a matsayin "m"), wanda ke riƙe da ruwa. A wannan lokaci, da kaya shafi biyu sojojin, da farko - cikin karfi na nauyi, da kuma na biyu - Archimedes (buoyancy karfi, da kuma shugabanci na vector zai zama inversely MG). A cikin dabara, da karfi na Archimedes kama da wannan: Fapx = ρgV. Sanin cewa ρg yana daidaita da takamaiman nauyin ruwa, zamu sami daidaitattun: Fapx = YV, kuma daga wannan mun cire: y = Fapx / V.

Yana da wuya? Sa'an nan kuma ya sauƙaƙe: don lissafta ƙananan nauyi, raba nauyi da ƙarar.