Wannan mutumin a cikin tsarin na zamantakewa tsakaninsu. msar tambayar al'amari

A duk abin da halin da ya ke ba a wani al'umma, ko da abin da mataki na ci gaba da ba su damu, shi ne ko da yaushe wani hadadden tsarin da dama interactions, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo abin da hidima mutane. A wannan yanayin, mutum guda na ayyuka ba cinya cikin kewayon wadannan interactions, saboda mutum a cikin shakka daga su da zamantakewa da rayuwa halitta ko aikata wani memba na daban-daban adam al'ummomi - zamantakewa kungiyoyin. Tsoma hannun a da dama dangantaka da sauran mutane, shi ne wani haƙiƙa m da dabi'u na al'adu abubuwa, halayyar da cewa an yarda a wadannan al'ummomi. Saboda haka, mutum a cikin tsarin na zamantakewa dangantakar ne ba kawai, kamar yadda wani mutum, amma kuma da zamantakewa kungiyar, wata al'umma, abin da ya. A binciken da wannan sabon abu ne batun da yawa rassan kimiyya.

Ganin cewa mutum ne da tsarin na zamantakewa gami, falsafa mayar da hankali yawanci a kan duniya rayuwan tambayoyi: wanda da mutum irin abin da ya ke cikin wannan duniya, abin da yake ta nan gaba da kuma baya, da sauransu.

Sociological shawara ya shafi nazarin da mafi m al'amurran da suka shafi. Yana bayani al'amurran da suka shafi irin wannan tsari: da cewa ne mutane a cikin tsarin na zamantakewa gami, abin da shi ne tsarin al'umma, kamar yadda yanayi a cikin wanda interactions faruwa. Ilimin halayyar zo daga gaskiya, a duban farko, wata paradoxical gaskiya cewa mutum al'umma, wanda shi ne yanzu a duniya, kasancewa guntun a lambar, zai iya haifar da wani kusan iyaka bambancin da al'ummomi, a fadi da dama kaddarorin da kuma halaye. A wannan sociological view da shawara cewa, idan wadannan al'ummomi kansu, kamar yadda mutane, su gyara, isa fixability (explicative), a nan ba shi yiwuwa a ce kome ba game da dangantakar da cewa ci gaba tsakanin mutane. Af, wannan hujja aka nuna a lokacin Ogyust Kont - wanda ya kafa ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a matsayin kimiyya, wanda yake a cikin "mai kyau Falsafa" jãyayya da cewa wadannan dangantakar ne latent, su ne incorporeal, m. Miƙa yin adam interactions da batun raba kimiyya, Comte ba impetus zuwa fitowan da wani yawan kusance kimiyya makarantu, Concepts cewa suna dauke da wani matsala cewa wakiltar da mutane a cikin tsarin na zamantakewa tsakaninsu.

Markisanci ya fassara wannan matsala kawai a wani jari hanya, iƙirarin cewa kamfanin ba kafa ta mutane kamar yadda irin wannan, da kuma su interactions da kuma dangantakar, na farko - tattalin arziki. A wannan fahimtar jama'a da kuma mutum ta wurin a aka same shi a cikin mafi zamani theories. Alal misali, kamar guda matsayi zo da babban American sociologist Pitirim Sorokin, a lokacin da samar da nasu ka'idarsa na zamantakewa stratification, wanda shi ne yanzu a classic da kuma daya daga cikin babban jiyya a zamani al'umma.

Don bayyana matsalolin da shirya kai a cikin suna daga cikin labarin, shi wajibi ne, na farko, da wani fahimtar category na "zaman dangantakar", "social sadarwar". Wasu malaman gan shi a matsayin irin na farko barbashi al'umma, ya sa a kan wani par tare da Categories "social batu", "zamantakewa." Kuma da sauran, samar da tushen categorical na'ura na zamantakewa kimiyya.

Wata hanyar neman a matsalar da shawara akai la'akari da zamantakewa da dangantaka a biyu hankula. A cikin kunkuntar - a lokacin da magana game da dangantakar musamman zamantakewa al'ummomi, kamar yadda mai mulkin - manyan zamantakewa da al'umma. A za'a fadada ma'ana, zamantakewa dangantaka ne da wani dangantaka da iya zama a tsakanin mutane a cikin shakka daga su da yawa ayyukan. Bisa ga wannan m, mutane a cikin tsarin na zamantakewa gami, ana kunshe a kowane daga cikin hulda kungiyoyin a cikin ni'imar da wannan tsarin m upbuilding farkon, co-mahaluži co-actor.

Society, kamar yadda wani hadadden tsarin na interactions, fuskanceshi kimiyya a matsayin m batun, matsalar yadda za a rarraba wannan iri-iri na dangantaka, ko yana yiwuwa a gina daya wani matsayi model, abin da su ne al'amura typological adam ayyuka da sauransu.

Ya kamata a gane cewa zuwa yanzu bai haifar da wata guda methodological m fayyace wannan tambaya, abin da mutãne, a cikin tsarin na zamantakewa gami, abin da suke da yayi a cikin muhimmancin da wuri a cikin tsarin.

Jari-hujja bincika wannan al'amari na musamman daga mahangar jari-view. Non-jari m, zalunta mutum matsayi a cikin jama'a dangantakar tsarin, daura da babban wuri na ruhaniya dalilai Properties. Irin wannan rarraba zamantakewa dangantakar a ruhaniya da kuma kayan - ma, zai iya ce sosai. Saboda haka, to date, to kimiyya kamata da farko methodological aiki - a sami isasshen kuma harkar dacewa sharudda ga rarrabuwa na duk data kasance bambancin da zamantakewa a tsakaninsu. Saboda kawai wannan m zai sa ya yiwu muhimmanci, don su bincika irin rawar da wurin mutumin a cikin rãyuwar daban-daban duniyoyin al'umma.