Wani likita ne mai geriatrician? Geriatrics - rigakafi da maganin cututtuka na tsofaffin shekaru

Kimanin shekaru dari da suka wuce, masana kimiyya sun fara nazarin tsofaffin kwayoyin halitta. Sanin cewa waɗannan canje-canje ne da yawa da kuma mahimmanci, da farko sun bambanta kimiyyar mutum na gerontology a matsayin jagora na gaba. Sa'an nan kuma a ciki akwai bangaren likita wanda yake fama da cututtuka a cikin tsufa. Wani likita ne mai geriatrician, 'yan sani. Duk da haka, adadin mutanen da ke zaune a cikin shekaru masu tsufa suna girma a kowace rana, wanda ke nufin cewa gaggawar horar da waɗannan kwararru yana girma.

Wani likita ne mai geriatrician?

A likita wanda ke hulda da rigakafin cututtuka, da jiyya na fi na marasa lafiya na ci-gaba shekaru, shi ne a san geriatrician. Menene ya bi irin wannan gwani? Jerin cututtuka yana da yawa. Geriatrician yayi ƙoƙarin gina matakan rigakafi da matakan mai ƙarfin tsufa a hanyar da za ta tsawanta aikinsa, hanyar rayuwa mai zaman kansa. Yawan shekarun mutum ba jumla ba ne, amma shi ne wanda zai iya ƙayyade predisposition zuwa wani pathology. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo yana magance matsalolin tsofaffi (60-74) da tsofaffi (75-90). Magunguna a wannan zamani suna da halaye masu yawa:

• Bambanci da kuma bambancin ilimin lissafi na kwayoyin lafiya.

• Differences a cikin hanyar da cututtuka na al'ada.

• Cututtuka na tsofaffi.

Ayyukan Anatomical da na ilimin lissafi na tsofaffi

A jikin wani tsofaffi mutum faruwa ciki matakai a wanda tara morphological kuma physiological canje-canje. Suna halin da:

• Lokaci daban-daban ya gudana. Gyarawar gonar a cikin mata zai iya faruwa a cikin shekaru 50-55-60. Sabanin haka, aikin glandar shafawa zai iya jurewa cikin rayuwar.

• A cikin sassa daban-daban na jiki, ana iya bayyana tsarin tsufa a cikin digiri daban-daban.

• Rahotan tsufa a cikin sassan da tsarin ba ma haka ba ne. Canje-canje a kasusuwa, ko da yake sun fara da wuri, suna girma a ragu. Harkokin da ake ciki a cikin mummunan tsarin zai iya, bayan sun nuna jinkirin, ci gaba da sauri.

• Matakan da ke faruwa a cikin nau'un takalma daban-daban na iya bambanta a cikin jagorancin (hallaka-haɗuwa). Wannan yana nuna daidaitawa ga canje-canje a jikin, tsari, kuma ba kawai tara ba.

Tsarin tsufa yana haifar da ilimin halittar jiki, tsari, rashin aiki. Suna nuna shekarun haihuwa. Yayin da tsufa, jinsin, tsayi, aiki na gabobin, girman su da matsayi. Alal misali, nauyin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, girmansa da girmansa ya rage ta 20-25%. Hadawar canje-canje yana haifar da mutuwar salula, kuma sannu-sannu a cikin jiki yana raguwa.

Zaman yanayi yana nuna raguwa a cikin girman kwayoyin halitta da kuma raunin kayan motsi, ana kiyaye ptosis. Kashewa zai iya zama marar kyau kuma baya haifar da rashin lafiya. Kuma zai iya haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani.

Yaya tsofaffi marasa lafiya suke?

Yawan shekarun mutum yayi shaidar ba kawai ga wani matsayi na zamantakewa ba, amma har ma game da yanayin da ke tattare da cututtukan cututtuka wanda zai iya faruwa a shekaru 20 da 76. Alal misali, mashako, cututtuka na numfashi, hawan jini. Abubuwan da ke cikin rashin lafiya a cikin tsofaffi shine:

• Atypical halin yanzu. Rashin ragowar hanyoyin da ke karewa yana haifar da mafi girma da rashin lafiyar tsofaffi marasa lafiya. Tsarin sanyi ba zai iya haifar da mummunan ƙwayar huhu ba, da ƙananan haɓaka - zuwa gangrene. Sabili da haka, magani ya kamata a koyaushe zama isasshen.

• Rushewar hoton hoton. Idan akwai matsala masu mahimmanci, mayar da martani ga jiki ba shi da isasshen kuma yana kaiwa ga ƙarar kukan. Bangarorin ciwon huhu iya ci gaba da jiki zafin jiki na 37,1.

• A cikin jiki, akwai ketare daga hanyoyi da tsarin da yawa. Saboda haka, exacerbation na cututtuka na endocrine tsarin iya bayyana bayyanar cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini cuta.

• Farawa na fara gunaguni. Ana iya ƙaddamar da yiwuwar ƙwarewa, sabili da haka, har ma da bayyanar alamun farko na cutar, gunaguni na iya zama muhimmiyar.

Cututtuka na tsofaffi da tsofaffi

Ga kowane shekarun akwai halayyar, musamman cututtuka. Har ila yau suna cikin marasa lafiya. Dementia, atherosclerosis, urinary incontinence - jerin suna ci gaba. Yawancin cututtuka da suka shafi tsofaffi na iya bayyana a baya. Amma kashi 90% na lokuta za su nuna kansu bayan 60.

Abin da yake warkar da geriatrician

Medical kula ba a bayar a halin yanzu samun daga cikin mutum likita don marasa lafiya da tsofaffi shekaru kungiyar. Ana magance su. Wasu jami'o'i na likita sun riga sun shirya irin wannan kwararru don aiki a polyclinics, don haka ba zai yiwu ba a lardin don sanin ko wane likita ne likita. Ba kawai ya fahimci abin da cututtuka ke samuwa a cikin marasa lafiya ba, amma ya san game da yanayin da suke ciki, ganewar asali da magani a wannan rukuni. Yin nazarin gunaguni da bayanai na dakin gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin ƙera, ya sa ganewar asali. Bayan kwatanta sakamakon yiwuwar magani a kan ilimin likitanci, ya zaɓi tsarin tsarin lafiya mafi kyau. Geriatrics na iya samun ƙwarewa a ilimin lissafin jini, endocrinology, neurology, da dai sauransu.

Cututtuka na tsarin jijiyoyin jini

Yawancin tsofaffi suna da alamun tsarin daji. Atherosclerosis na tasoshin, hauhawar jini na iri daban-daban, arrhythmias, rashin tausayi na zuciya - duk waɗannan cututtuka suna bi da su ta hanyar geriatrician tare da siffofin shekaru.

Cututtuka na jijiyoyi

Wannan rukuni ne na cututtuka wanda ya rage iyakar marasa lafiyar marasa lafiya zuwa aikin kai. Kuma kulawa a gida yana da iyaka. Cututtukan Parkinson, Alzheimer's, strokes, dementia da wasu cututtuka da dama za a gudanar da su daga geriatrician.

Harkokin cututtuka na Psychiatric

Rashin hankali da damuwa su ne 'yan uwa masu tsufa. Saboda su, marasa lafiya sun rage yawan zamantakewar al'umma, sun zama masu rarrabe da kuma rufe daga rayuwa mai aiki. Wannan ba kawai halin halayyar dabi'ar ba ne, yana da wata ilimin da ke buƙatar magani mai kyau.

Shirye-rikicen endocrine-Exchange

Rashin lafiya na endocrine gland yana da muhimmanci sosai wajen aiki da sauran kwayoyin halitta da kuma tsarin. Ciwon sukari yakan kai ga polyneuropathy. Ƙarin ci gaba da rikitarwa na iya zama ciwon ƙwayar cuta, rashin ƙarfi, rage hangen nesa, ci gaba da ɓarna na rashin ciwo na damuwa. Thyrotoxicosis yana haifar da rikicewa na zuciya rhythm.

Cututtuka na tsarin dabbobi

Rashin nakasar, adenoma prostate, urinary incontinence, su ne bayyanannu bayyanannu na shekarun da suka shafi canje-canje. Dole ne a tuna da cewa ptosis da aka saukar da kodan ko kwayoyin cuta ba tare da alamun cutar (zazzabi, sigina na ainihi, motsawa a cikin OAB) ba ya buƙatar yin amfani da maganin magani. A wannan yanayin, sune kawai alamar shekarun mai haƙuri.

Rikicin tsarin tsarin musukotkeletal

Babban haɓaka ga motsi na tsofaffi yana da yawa ƙetare na tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta. Osteoporosis canza canjin kasusuwa. Ƙasawar ƙwayoyin intervertebral ragewa, wanda zai iya canja wurin su.

Cututtuka na gastrointestinal fili

Dangane da raguwa da aikin ƙwayar daji da kuma motsa jiki, hanzari, kwakwalwa, da kwalliya.

Bugu da kari, tabarbarewar hangen nesa, ji, tactile predispose zuwa wani karu a zaman karbuwa daga irin wannan marasa lafiya. A cikin tsofaffi, mutane suna shiga, suna da ciwon cututtuka 4. A cikin shekaru 10 da suka wuce lambobin su biyu.

Me ya sa ya kamata ka tuntubi geriatrician

Lokacin da akwai gunaguni, marasa lafiya marasa lafiya suna ƙoƙarin dawo da kansu. Bayan lokaci mai tsawo bayan da ba'a samu nasara ta hanyar daban-daban, sai suka juya zuwa ga likitan kwastar. A mafi yawancin lokuta, marasa lafiya suna karɓar magani mai mahimmanci a can, ba tare da la'akari da ikon tsaftace kodan da sauran canje-canje masu shekaru ba. Kwararren likita ne wanda ke nazarin ilimin likita na tsofaffi da kuma gyaran maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin ƙwayar maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin ƙwayar magani.

Duk da haka, yin la'akari da irin likita ne mai geriatrician, dole ne a tuna cewa ba wai kawai yake warkarwa ba. Dole ne a tuntube wannan likita a gaba, don inganta tsarin mutum don ci gaba da rayuwa. Zai hada da shawarwari game da aiki na jiki, abinci da motsa jiki. Kuma idan akwai cututtuka, za a bayar da shawarwari don kulawa bisa ga shekarun mai haƙuri. Sanin abubuwa ne mai zurfi waɗanda ke nuna ra'ayoyinsu masu kyau game da geriatrics.

Yanzu akwai kimanin mutane miliyan 700 na tsofaffi da tsofaffi. Matsakaicin shekarun da mazaunan duniya suke karuwa. Wannan yanayin yana ba da damar fadada yawan bukatar kulawa da jin dadi a nan gaba.