Wanda ya yi mulki bayan Bitrus 1? Rasha bayan Bitrus 1

A tarihin Rasha shi ne mai arziki a cikin daban-daban epochs, kowanne daga abin da ya bar ta mark a kasar. Daya daga cikin mafi alheri da kuma kalubalantar yawa shawara ya zama sarautar Bitrus I, mai girma, wanda ya kammala a dangane da kwatsam mutuwa da Sarkin sarakuna Janairu 25, 1725.

Rasha ba tare da wani sarki? Wanda ya yi mulki bayan Bitrus 1

Shekaru uku kafin mutuwa na autocrat ya bayar da umurnin, wanda ya canja a baya data kasance domin na maye Al'arshi: yanzu da magaji bai zama shi ne ɗan fari, da kuma dansa, wanda mahaifinsa ya ga sun cancanci zauna irin wannan wuri na girmamawa. Wannan shawarar da aka saboda gaskiyar cewa ɗan sarki, wani m magaji a kan karaga Tsarevich Aleksey, aka zarge shi da mãkirci a kansa uba, kuma a sakamakon, hukuncin kisa. A 1718 sarkin ya mutu a cikin ganuwar da sansanin soja.

Duk da haka, a gabãnin mutuwarsa, Peter amma ba ni da lokaci ne ta nada sabon sarki, barin kasar, ci gaban da ya yi sosai kokarin, ba tare da wani m.

A sakamakon haka, na gaba 'yan shekaru da aka alama ta da yawa fada juyin mulki ne, da manufar wanda ya kama mulki. Tun da babu hukuma sanya magajin fata zuwa zauna a gadon sarautar kokarin tabbatar da cewa sun cancanci wannan dama.

A farko juyin mulki, da za'ayi da Guards matar Bitrus I - by haihuwa Marty Skavronskoy, aka fi sani da Ekaterina Alekseevna Mihaylova (Catherine I) - kawo zuwa iko na farko a cikin tarihin na Rasha mace.

Dubawa zaune gaba Empress duk-Russian aboki na marigayi Sarkin, Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov, wanda ya zama zahiri shine mai mulkin jihar.

Rasha bayan Bitrus 1 - musamman milestone a cikin tarihin duniya. M domin da horo, wanda aka jera halin sarautar Sarkin sarakuna, yanzu rasa ta tsohon ƙarfi.

Catherine I: wanda shi ne ta?

Maris Skavronskaya (yanzu Empress sunan) ya zo daga wani iyali na Baltic manoma. Ta aka haife Afrilu 5, 1684. Farkon rasa iyaye biyu, ta yi girma a cikin iyali na da Protestant fasto.

A lokacin babban Arewa War (tsakanin Sweden da kuma Rasha), a 1702, a watan Maris, tare da sauran mazaunan sansanin soja Marienburg aka kama da sojojin Rasha, sa'an nan a cikin sabis na Prince Menshikov. Akwai iri biyu na yadda wannan ya faru.

Daya version ya ce a cikin watan Maris zama farka daga Count Sheremetyev - kwamandan na Rasha sojojin. Ta gan Prince Alexander Danilovich - fi so na Petra Velikogo - da kuma shan amfani da ikonsa, ya ɗauki yarinya gidansa.

A cewar wani version, Marta zama manajan bayin Kanar Baur, inda ta idanu da kuma sa Menshikov kuma dauki gidansa. Kuma a nan shi aka lura da kansa Peter I.

Rapprochement tare da Bitrus I

A lokacin 9 shekaru Marta ya farka na sarki. A 1704, ta haifi farko da yaro - dan Peter sa'an nan na biyu dan - Paul. Duk da haka, da yara biyu sun mutu.

Da samuwar nan gaba empress daukan 'yar'uwar Bitrus I - Natalia A., Martha horar da su karatu da rubutu. Kuma a cikin 1705, da aka yi masa baftisma a cikin Orthodox yarinya mai suna Mihaylovoy Ekateriny Alekseevny. A 1708 da kuma 1709 shekaru, ana haifuwarsu Catherine, 'yar Bitrus I - Anna kuma Elizabeth (daga baya ya dauki kursiyin karkashin sunan na Elizabeth).

A karshe a 1712 da coci na St. John Dalmitskogo da bikin aure na Bitrus I - Catherine zama cikakken memba na sarauta iyali. 1724 aka alama ta wani muhimmin sa kambi Marty Skavronskoy a ɗauka cewa Cathedral a Moscow. Ta samu kambi daga hannun sarki.

Wanda kuma a lokacin da dokoki a Rasha

Bayan mutuwar da Bitrus 1 Rasha cikakken gane abin da yana daukan su kasa ba tare da wani iko da mulki. Tun Prince Menshikov lashe ni'imar da sarki, da kuma daga baya ya taimaka Catherine zan tsaya a kai na jiha, da tambaya da wanda yake mallakar bayan Bitrus 1, daidai amsar ne - Prince Alexander Danilovich, rayayye shiga a cikin rayuwar na kasar da kuma dauki mafi muhimmanci yanke shawara. Duk da haka, zamanin da Empress, duk da irin wannan karfi da goyon baya, dade ba - har sai May 1727.

A lokacin ziyararsa a kan gadon sarautar Catherine I, muhimmiyar rawa a manufofin da Rasha a lokacin taka leda Koli kãshi Council, kafa kafin hawan zuwa kursiyin Empress. Yana hada da irin wannan rarrabe da kuma shahararren a Rasha Empire a lokacin mutane kamar Prince Alexander Menshikov (shugaban jiki), Dmitry Golitsyn, Fyodor Apraksin, Peter Tolstoy.

A farko ta sarautar Catherine I aka rage haraji da kuma yafe yawa fursunoni a kan mahada kuma kurkuku. Sa kama da canje-canje sun kasance tsoron tarzoma saboda tashin farashin, wanda kokari ne zai kai ga damunsu daga cikin 'yan ƙasa.

Bugu da kari, an soke ko modified sake fasalin za'ayi da Bitrus:

• a kasa shahararren rawa a cikin rayuwar siyasa na kasar suka fara wasa da majalisar dattijai.

• gwamnonin da aka maye gurbinsu da hukumomin kasar.

• A musamman hukumar, hada da shugabannin da kuma janar-janar da aka shirya domin kyautata na sojojin.

Innovations Catherine I. Domestic da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin

Ga wanda yake mallakar bayan Bitrus 1 (nufin matarsa), shi ne musamman wuya a doke sarki-kawo canji a cikin multifaceted siyasa. Daga cikin sababbin abubuwa ya kamata a lura da halittar Academy of Sciences, kuma kungiyar na balaguro, a karkashin jagorancin shahararren mai bincike Vitus Bering Kamchatka.

A kasashen waje da manufofin a general, Catherine na rike da ra'ayin mijinta: ta goyon da'awar Holstein Duke Karla Fridriha (ta zo ta surukin) zuwa Schleswig. Wannan ya kai ga ƙunci dangantakar da Birtaniya da kuma Denmark. A sakamakon haka shi da wani adawa tsakanin Rasha ta Accession zuwa Vienna Union (da suka hada da Spain, Prussia da kuma Austria) a 1726.

Rasha bayan Bitrus 1 samu babba tasiri a Kurland. Yana da aka haka mai girma cewa Prince Menshikov shirya ya kasance a kai na duchy, amma da yan unguwa, Mun saukar damunsu game da shi.

Godiya ga kasashen waje da manufofin da Catherine na da Alexander Danilovich (shi ke da suka yi mulki Rasha bayan mutuwar Bitrus 1 a gaskiya), da daular iya kwace Shirvan yankin (da ciwon cimma asasshe a kan wannan batu daga Farisa da kuma Turkey). Har ila yau, godiya ga Prince Raguzinsky, dangantakar abokantaka tare da kasar Sin da aka kafa.

A karshen zamanin Empress

Catherine I, ikon zo ga ƙarshe, a watan Mayu 1727, lokacin da Empress mutu a 44th shekara na rayuwa daga cutar huhu. Suka binne ta a kagara.

Kafin mutuwarsa, Catherine ya so ya yi wa 'yarsa da Empress Elizabeth, duk da haka, da zarar sake ya saurari Menshikov kuma kaddamarda magaji kuma jikan Sarkin Rasha - Bitrus II Alexeyevich, wanda a lokacin na Accession da kursiyin kuma akwai shekaru 11 da haihuwa.

Regent ya kõwa fãce Prince Alexander Danilovich (wannan al'amari sake tabbatar, wanda ya yi mulki bayan Bitrus 1 a Rasha). Menshikov zarar aure da sabuwar sanya sarki da 'yarsa Maria, ta haka ne kara karfafa rinjayar da courtly da kuma rayuwar al'umma.

Duk da haka, da ikon da Prince Alexander Danilovich dade ba bayan rasuwar Sarkin sarakuna Bitrus II , ya aka zarge shi da hadin kai kuma ya mutu a cikin zaman talala.

Rasha bayan Petra Velikogo - wannan shi ne kaucewa daban-daban a jihar, inda da fari shi ne ba daga gyare-gyare da canji, da kuma gwagwarmayar da kursiyin, da kuma} o} arin tabbatar da magabaci na wasu azuzuwan a kan wasu.