Wanda ya gano Alaska? A samu daga Alaska

Alaska - a sashin, wanda aka halin da sanyi sauyin yanayi. Summers ne sosai takaice, amma akwai isasshen dumi kwana. A hunturu lokaci ne halin da wani karfi frosts. Amma wannan ba ya tsoratar da suke zaune lokaci mai tsawo a ƙasar da Aleuts da Eskimos da mutanen Indiyawan apataski, Heidi da tinklitov. Alaska - yana da wuce yarda da kyau wuri. Akwai bayyana lake tare da ruwan sanyi, dogon koguna, snow-bugawa duwãtsu na ban mamaki kyakkyawa, m filayen da kuma tundra. Wadannan su ne da ra'ayoyi bude har kafin na farko explorers wanda sosai karfi koma zurfi a cikin wannan yanki. To, wãne ne bude Alaska?

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Akwai asali version na bude na Alaska da kuma a kan wanda ya fara kafa kafar, amma akwai da yawa wasu zažužžukan a kan shi. Duk da haka, tabbatarwa da sauran versions ba wanzu.

To, wãne ne bude Alaska? Vitus Bering Jonassen - da aka sani ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa, wani jami'in na Rasha sojojin ruwa, haife 12 ga watan Agusta, 1681 a Denmark, amma zuciya ko da yaushe ya kasance daga Rasha. An dauke da wani majagaba na Alaska. A 1741, sanannen mai bincike ya gano da kuma rubuce a kan taswira Larabawa, located a Arewacin Amirka. Wannan wuri da aka bai wa sunan Alaska. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa ga goma sha uku shekaru har ba ya iya gani da sashin saboda nauyi hazo. Bering babban farin ciki da wannan samu ba kawo. Scurvy aka jimawa kawo discoverer na kabarin. Yana faru Disamba 19, 1741 zuwa abin da ya gano tsibirin, wanda aka mai suna a masa mutunci daga baya.

Tun Alaska ya bude a 1741, shi ne a yau aka fi sani masana tarihi uku cards. Su aka sanya a cikin 60s na XVI karni. A maps nuna duk bayanai da cikakken bayani game da tekun na Alaska da kuma cikin Bering mashigar, wadda aka a baya ya kira Aniane.

A farko balaguro

Amsawa ga wata tambaya game da wanda yake bude Alaska, ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin 1648, wani balaguro jagorancin Semenom Dezhnevym da Fedorom Popovym tafi a kan tafiya daga bakin Kolyma River. Suka shiga jirgin ruwa ta hanyar da Bering mashigar. Duk da haka, da suka ziyarci Alaska ko ba - shi ne ba a sani ba.

A cikin binciken na ƙasar m zuwa Amurka, ko da tunanin Bitrus. Wannan ya faru a shekara ta mutuwa (1725). Ya rubuta umarnin Vitus Bering a kan wata manufa don gudãna zuwa Kamchatka, to gina dama jiragen ruwa nã gudãna ba su ta mashigar ga arewa da kuma neman wurin rufe na Kamchatka da American tudu. Bugu da kari, da navigator ya zana taswirar yankin. Amma, abin takaici, na farko balaguro ya m. Saboda nauyi hazo Bering ba zai iya ganin wani abu.

Magana ne game da wanda yake bude Alaska, shi ne kuma ya kamata a lura da cewa wani balaguro karkashin jagorancin Mihailom Gvozdevym surveyor da kuma mataimakin navigator Ivanom Fedorovym swam a cikin wancan shugabanci a kan jirgin "St. Gabriel" a 1732. Agusta 21 matuƙan kusata yammacin ɓangare na Alaska. A zamani maps ne Cape Prince of Wales. Amma ya kafa kafar a kan tudu suka hana karfi tãguwar ruwa.

A na biyu ƙoƙari ya yi nazarin ƙasar

A shekara daga baya, gwamnatin Rasha ta umurci Bering je a karo na biyu Kamchatka balaguro. A 1734 da ya isa a Yakutsk, inda har shekaru da yawa girbe hannun jari na nan gaba na yakin da kuma tattaunawa tare da na gida burokrasi, saboda ba tare da su ba ya aiki. Duk da yake a Rasha, domin fara wani abu, za ka yi, duk muhimman mutane cin hanci. Amma Bering, wani mutum wanda ya rayu haka dogon a kasar, ya ba koyi da shi. Ko kawai ba su so su.

Kawai a 1740, biyu fakiti-jirage a karkashin shugabanci na Amirul Alekseya Chirikova balaguro tanã gudãna daga Okhotsk zuwa yankin Avacha Bay, inda ya ciyar da hunturu. A samu na Alaska da kuma Rasha dã ba su faru idan Behring bai nemi da yanci ƙasar Gama. Wannan shi ne a yanzu da daidaituwa.

Abin da ya janyo hankulan Larabawa?

Wannan ya ƙunshi tarihin Alaska? biyu jiragen ruwa gangarawa zuwa Amurka Yuni 4, 1742. Amma kuma, da hazo tare da karfi hadari wuya halin da ake ciki. Kuma a kan Yuni 20 jiragen sun warwatsu a cikin daban-daban kwatance da kuma samu rasa. Bayan haka, suka ci gaba da gudãna kadai. Mutane da yawa zaton cewa saboda wannan balaguro, da farko ya kafa kafar a kan ƙasar Alaska botanist Georg Steller. Kuma bayan wata rana, 16 ga Yuni, 1741, ƙasashe na sashin da kuma ga zuwa "Saint Peter". Dawo daga wannan bincike balaguro zuwa Rasha, da suke a kan jirgin ruwan mutane gaya game da rayuwa a cikin jihar bakin teku ruwa na Alaska teku otters - Kalani. Su Jawo ne da kyau da inganci. Ya aka dauke mafi tsada abu a duniya. Shi ne ya yi da gudummawar da cewa tarihi na Alaska ya zama sananne ga mutane da yawa daga waɗanda suka so don samun arziki.

Har ila yau a yankin, zinariya da aka gano. Bayan wannan samu fara da Gold Rush. Yana dade a cikin lokaci daga 1896 zuwa 1897. Yana da aka a wannan lokacin, da zinariya aka samu a cikin Klondike, to Kanad Yukon Abuja. Fatan samun arziki da sauri da kuma dubban prospectors gangarawa cikin Pacific Northwest da kuma Alaska.

Da asarar 'yan matuƙan

A farko swam up da bakin tekun na sashin fakiti "St. Paul," a karkashin shugabanci na Chirikov. Amma shi bai yi wuri saboda m ruwan Alaska samu. A kyaftin aika wani jirgin ruwan da ya ɗauka, amma da suka bace ba tare da wata alama. Lũra kaɗan, sai ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa jirgin ruwan kawai m. Haka kuma, wani jirgin ruwan da aka aiko. The kungiyar aika da master-Caulker. Amma, abin takaici, kuma wannan kungiya ta bace ba tare da wata alama. A total Chirikov rasa mutane biyar. Ana zo yanke shawarar komawa gida, a cikakken bewilderment da kuma rashin tabbas, da shugabannin "St. Paul" a cikin taron.

Bayan wani lokaci ya bayyana cewa bace matuƙan aka kama da mazauna. Da suke da rai. Mafi yawa daga cikinsu ko da aure zuwa wani baƙo. Sa'an nan, suka ko da bayar da damar zama Spain, shan dan kasa, amma mutanen da aka nuna alfahari furcin cewa su ne Rasha.

Kasawa biyã seafarers ko'ina

The jirgin "Saint Peter" kai Alaska a kan Yuni 6, amma Behring rashin lafiya kuma ba zai iya sauka bakin teku saboda rashin lafiya. Kuma hanyar mayar da shi juya a kira su da wuya sosai. A matuƙan daya bayan daya aka mutuwa daga scurvy. A hadari ya zo da jirgin a cikin bay daya daga cikin tsibiran, inda suka zo ga ƙarshe cewa ya zama dole zauna hunturu. A nan, su kwamandan mutu (Dec. 6).

Jira fitar da hunturu matuƙan na abin da ya rage daga cikin "Saint Peter" jirgin ruwa, gina wani sabon jirgin. Amma na 75 mutane ya tsira kawai 35. Mutane da yawa suka mutu a lokacin tafiya, kuma wasu, a lokacin hunturu. Saboda haka, to gaba na Kamchatka samu kawai mutane 35.

Saboda haka wanda ya zo na farko a tsibirin?

Amma a cikin West yi imani da cewa gano Alaska An jagorancin Steller. An yi imani da cewa wanda ya yi farko ga tsibirin m kyakkyawa da snow-bugawa duwãtsu. Bayan da cewa, dole ne ya yi muradin ci gaba da karatu kai tsaye a kan sashin. Amma kyaftin na jirgin ruwa V. Behring aka shirin wani abu dabam. Ya yi umurni da shi koma. Steller ya m tare da yanke shawara da kuma nace cewa Behring ba shi akalla 'yan sa'o'i don gano tsibirin kayak, inda cikin jirgi, kuma haka ya daina zuwa replenish ruwa reserves.

sabon versions

Akwai kuma wani version na wannan cewa Alaska da aka gano da Turawa. Jihar da suka ziyarci Agusta 21, 1732. Shi ne da abun da ke ciki na jirgin ruwan "St. Gabriel" a karkashin shiryarwar Surveyor MS Gvozdev da kuma Ivan Fedotov mataimakin navigator a kan expeditions AF Shestakov da DI Pavlutsky. Iyo dade daga 1729 zuwa 1735. Bugu da kari, akwai kuma bayanai game da isowa na Rasha mutane a Amurka a cikin XVII karni.

Akwai wani version daga cikin masana kimiyya, wanda ya furta cewa majagaba na Alaska sun Siberian dayansu - magabatan mafiya yawa daga cikin 'yan qasar Indiyawan Dajin Amirka, wanda a cikin glacial lokaci tafi zuwa ga arewa, farauta mammoths. Ancient mazaunan koma nahiyar Amirka via da Bering mashigar. A waɗannan kwanaki, shi ya kasance kamar wani babban ice gada, wanda aka located tsakanin nahiyoyin biyu. A lokacin da aka Warming, duniya ta teku muhimmanci tada ruwa matakin, ambaliya da gada. Rasha Siberia da kuma Alaska a lokaci guda da aka raba Bering Sea.

A yawa na tono da kuma bincike a cikin Larabawa ya ba da sakamakon: Masana kimiyya sun samu da yawa abubuwa da cewa amfani da mutum a lura da gona game da 12 shekara dubu da suka wuce, da dama ƙarni kafin Ice Age ƙare. Daga wannan shi ya bi cewa Eskimo al'ummai bayyana a gare shida shekara dubu BC.

Abin da ya faru a Alaska?

Wadannan biyu karni Rasha Alaska aiki a matsayin filaye don Jawo samar. Ƙauyuka da aka gina, kuma a wurare da dama har yanzu ya kasance wani sabon abu coci, wanda aka halicce su da Aleuts da Indians a karkashin umurnin Rasha mishaneri. Daga baya a kan Alaska gaci matuƙan ziyarci Spain, Faransa da kuma Birtaniya. Amma Rasha mutane shiga jirgin ruwa zuwa tsibirin ga manufar samun Jawo, wanda daga baya a sosai manyan yawa tsĩrar da zuwa Turai. Bayan wani lokaci da yawan dabbobi tare da m Jawo ya zama da yawa karami. By 1820 shekaru na Rasha kusan bai zo da bakin tekun na Alaska.

Yadda Larabawa da aka sayar?

Sama mun kayyade babban shiriritar kan yadda Alaska da aka bude. Tarihi na sayar da ya kamata ma a takaice rufe. Rasha gwamnati ya ji tsoron cewa sashin za a kama ko dai Ingila ko Amerika. Bugu da kari, don cikar kare ba zai yiwu ba daga wannan mallakarsu. Wannan shi ne na farko lokaci da ya sa aka sayarwa da na tsibirin. Kamar yadda na biyu tushe tsinkaya cewa ya zama dole, don tallafa wa ci gaban da wani babban yanki ta hanyar kudi. Amma gwamnatin yanke shawarar kula da dukan Far East, ba Alaska. Saboda haka, aka yanke shawarar sayar da sashin. A 1867, Alaska da aka sayar. Jihar hukumance ya zama wani ɓangare na America Oktoba 18.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa kudi domin shi bai sauka a Rasha. Babban adadin kudi a cikin nau'i na zinariya da aka ɗora Kwatancen a kan jirgin, wanda ya nutse domin ba a sani ba dalilai bayan wani ƙoƙari na gaza kama da wani ɓangare na maƙarƙashiya. Duk da haka, shi ba zai shafi Sakamakon karshe na ma'amala. A sashin ya zama wani ɓangare na Amurka. Alaska an daina mallakar Rasha.