Vordsvort Uilyam, English mawãƙi: biography, kerawa

Uilyam Vordsvort, biography da kerawa wanda su ne batu na wannan nazari, shi ne mafi girma wakilin romanticism a cikin shugabanci na Turanci wallafe-wallafe. Aikinsa sun fi mayar da m miƙa mulki daga classicism zuwa romanticism. Its wuri mai faɗi da kuma falsafa lyrics ne mafi kyau model na duniya poetic al'adunmu.

Janar halaye

Vordsvort Uilyam wani m wakilin ya lokaci, aikinsa ya kamata a gani a cikin mahallin na zamanin. A 18th karni da rinjaye Trend a cikin harshen Turanci adabi ya Classicism. Duk da haka, a karshen karni can ya kasance da hali ya matsa zuwa cikin m da romantic lyrics. Wannan ne sun fi mayar da m da rinjaye yayi na zamanin, wato hujjar cewa muhimmancin a zamantakewa da siyasa da tunani da kuma adabi a general buga ayyukan Rousseau. Tura su cikin sadaukarwa na dabi'a da kuma siffar mutum ji, motsin zuciyarmu, hali tunani da wani babban tasiri a kan masu ilimi da da'irori na lokaci. Bugu da kari, English adabi ya riga ya kwarewa da halittar sonnets, yanayin da hotuna da kuma lafiya lyrics. The ayyukan William Shakespeare, Chaucer D., D. Milton da babban tasiri a kan aikin na mawãƙi ne.

Yara, samartaka da tafiya

Vordsvort Uilyam aka haife shi a 1770 a Cumberland County. Shi ɗan wata dukiya wakili management. Yaron da aka aiko zuwa makaranta a Arewa Lancashire, inda ya samu mai kyau da ilimi: ya yi karatu na dā da na Turanci adabi, lissafi. Amma ko da mafi muhimmanci shi ne cewa yaron ya girma har a cikin yanayi, cewa ya yi a kan da kullum na da wani banbanci. A sa'an nan da ya fadi cikin soyayya da shimfidar wurare, wanda daga baya ya zama babban hanya a cikin o in. Vordsvort Uilyam nan ya tafi Cambridge University, inda ya ci sarauta yanayi na kishi, wanda bai zo zuwa ga liking.

Duk da haka, shi ya kasance a lokacin da yake dalibi shekaru da aka mai da muhimmanci sosai taron: hutu saurayi da abokinsa suka tafi a kan tafiya da ƙafa zuwa Faransa inda ya kawai ya faru neman sauyi upheavals. Sun sanya mai girma ra'ayi a kan mawãƙi ne. Tare da abõkinsa ya samu zuwa gefen tafkin dake Italiya. Wannan tafiya yana da matukar muhimmanci ga aikinsa: karkashin ra'ayi daga shi Vordsvort Uilyam ya rubuta na farko gagarumin aikin ( "Walk"). An riga an kayyade babban ka'idodinta m shayari marubucin: a hade da kwatancin na dabi'a da kuma tunani ba. Za mu iya cewa wannan waka ya zama daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci ayyukansu. Ya yi aiki mai yawa a kan shi, kuma a cikin gaba, ya balagagge shekaru, musanyãwa, raya su, da kuma sa sabon sassa a cikin shi.

mi} a mulki

Vordsvort Uilyam bayan samun digiri kishin kansa poetic kerawa. Duk da haka, da 1790s kasance wuya lokaci ga shi, tun da shi ne a lokacin da acin rai a Faransa juyin juya halin. Bugu da kari, shi ne sosai m gane da cewa kasarsa tafi in yi yaƙi da Faransa. Duk wadannan abubuwan sun haifar da ciki, don haka shi ne shayari na zamani ne fentin a duhu sautunan. Amma, an yi sa'a, shi dade ba, saboda jimawa, Uilyam Vordsvort, wanda waqe har yanzu sãɓã wa jũna melancholy da kuma bakin ciki, ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa Coleridge, wanda shi ma wani mawãƙi ba ne. Wannan gabatarwa kawai a shekara ta girma a cikin wani karfi aminci, wanda ya mai dausayi ga darajar su hadin kai, da kuma musamman ga m babbar sha'awa marubucin.

"Great shekaru goma"

Wannan abin da ake kira zamani daga 1797 zuwa 1808 a cikin tarihinsa daga cikin mawãƙi ne. Vordsvort Uilyam, waɗanda ayyukansu yanzu suna da wani mabanbanta sauti, shiga wani lokaci na m babbar sha'awa. Abokai yi cikinsa ya dauki wani tafiya zuwa Jamus da kuma a gaban aika yanke shawarar saki mai tarin poetic ayyukan da ake zaton ya nuna su views on zamani wallafe-wallafe. Coleridge ya rubuta a Ballad a wani m style, da kuma abokinsa - wani m da romantic lyrics. Duk da haka, da farko kunshe a cikin tarin a total na game da biyar ayyukansu, tare da sauran mallakar ya collaborator. A dalilin da ya kamata a nemi a gaskiyar cewa Coleridge ya dauki rubuta ballads a cikin gargajiya Turanci ruhu, t. E. A cikin hadaddun mãkirci kuma tsanani syllable. Duk da yake cikin waqoqi a cikin harshen Turanci na abokinsa sãɓã wa jũna a sauƙi da sauki. Ya haruffa yi magana m, kuma m ga kowane magana, abin da ya mai da muhimman hakkokin bidi'a ga lokaci.

m ka'idodin

Wannan tarin ne ma ban sha'awa cewa a cikin na biyu edition a foreword Wordsworth sanya gabatarwar, wadda shaci da dokoki da shiryar da lokacin rubuta su waqe. Ya ce cewa lyrical ballads da labarai dangane da gaskiyar cewa ya tsinkãyi da aka bayyana a cikin hanyar shi da jũna a gare shi. Kuma rai, yanayi da rayuwa na mawãƙi gan matsayin halitta bayyanuwar talikai. Wordsworth ce cewa bukatar gane su kuma nuna su kewaye sauki, bayyanannu, kuma da bayyana harshe. Ya yi imani cewa bai kamata mu wahalad da wani abu a lokacin da ka ƙirƙiri wani wallafe-wallafen aikin a matsayin halitta dokokin yanayi, da suka kamata a dauka nan da nan, ba tare da ba dole ba philosophizing. A wannan saitin tsõkaci da hankali da rinjayar Rousseau, wanda shi ma ya rera game da gõde wani mutum rayuwar a gwiwa na dabi'a da kuma jaddada artificiality na birane rayuwa.

key images

Turanci Wordsworth waqe bambanta uncomplicated abun da ke ciki, amma su halayyar alama ne hade da siffar halitta, ruhaniya abubuwan da zurfin tunani ba. Yana da aka sabon zuwa Turanci adabi na lokaci. Bugu da kari, marubucin ya yi wani gwarzo na kowa mutum daga cikin ayyukansa: a shafukan da waqe akwai vagrants, bidar, bara, itinerant yan kasuwa. Wannan irin hali ya sabuwar zuwa Turanci adabi, da kuma ba, jimla guda ya yaba da samu na mawãƙi ne. Wasu lokaci ko wallafe-wallafen sukar soki shi domin irin wannan bidi'a.

Wani halayyar na image a cikin shayari - wani mutum, wanda aka azabtar da zamantakewa rashin adalci. Wordsworth sosai sharply Allah wadai da yakin da kuma rubuta wasan kwaikwayo "The mutane na Frontier," wanda aka nuna azabar da wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali. A karshe, wani babban bangare na m al'adunmu daukan hoto na kansa. A mawãƙi ya rubuta tarihin kansa a cikin irin shayari, da ake kira "Malamai Ma'abuta Jihadi,". An bambanta da daidai hoto na mutum Psychology da kuma wani tunanin da kwarewa da hali, wanda a hankali ya duba hanyar da ya m ci gaba kamar yadda wani mawãƙi ba ne. Hoton marubucin muhimmanci a fahimta duk da shayari in general.

sauran ayyukan

A mafi kyau misalai na marubucin lyrics ne waqe game da yanayi da kuma mutum rai abubuwan. Shi ne musamman irin kamannin halitta. Uilyam Vordsvort, "Daffodils" wanda shi ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau misalai na lyrical shayari, mai girma da kuma ji dadin kyau na kewaye duniya. A wannan waka ya sung kyau na furanni, a cikin wani zafi sonorous melodious form. Wannan aiki ya bambanta m melodiousness da kuma shigar azzakari cikin farji.

Wani daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan da ake kira "A Westminster Bridge." Uilyam Vordsvort sake ƙirƙirarsu panorama na London, duk da haka, kusantar da hankali ba kawai ga birane faɗi, amma a kan halitta mamaki. A general, birnin kanta ne kusan ba ba a cikin ayyukan da mawãƙi ne. Ya nasa gaba ɗaya zuwa kauyen, ƙauyen da kuma yanayi.

daga baya lokacin

A karshe biyu shekarun da suka gabata na mawãƙi ta rayuwa da aka alama ta sauka a hankali Fading ya poetic wahayi. A wallafe-wallafen nazarin rarrabe tsakanin "farkon" da "marigayi" Wordsworth. Kuma idan rukunin farko na aikinsa aka alama ta wani fili da kuma jitu Outlook, da daga baya lokacin halin da nauyi Jihar hankali. Wannan shi ne sun fi mayar saboda da sirri asarar marubucin: ya ya sosai kau da mutuwa da ya ƙaunataccen 'yar'uwa, da wanda ya rayu duk rayuwarsa, da kuma mutuwar yara biyu. Bugu da kari, ya rasa ɗan'uwansa, suka nutse a lokacin daya daga cikin jiragen, kazalika da abokinsa Coleridge. Duk da haka, a wannan lokaci, da ya halitta jerin kyau sonnets da elegiac ayyukan da ke imbued tare da bakin ciki, da baƙin ciki, da azaba. Wadannan da daga baya aikin kaya da mafi falsafa fiye da baya aiki a cikin abin da rinjaye m kallo na shimfidar wuri. A mawãƙi ya mutu a 1850 a cikin wannan County inda aka haife shi.

darajar halittarsa

The shayari na Wordsworth wani alama mataki a cikin samuwar English Romanticism. A zamani da wallafe-wallafen zargi shi da Coleridge nasa ne da mazan ƙarni na romantics. Yana da muhimmanci cewa marubucin wakoki ne ba nan da nan samu fitarwa. Kawai a cikin 1830s, kyaututukan da ya samu a wallafe-wallafen da aka saka musu. The masu sauraro ya zama tagomashi a kan rubuce-rubucen, da Queen bã shi da lakabi na mawãƙi yabon. Ya aka sani a Rasha. Saboda haka, Pushkin a bikin "Sonnet" da aka ambata sunan da Turanci mawãƙi kamar yadda wani shahararren marubucin.