Jaruntakar waka - yana da ... wannan jaruntakar waka a cikin adabi

Menene wannan jaruntakar waka? Babu shakka, wannan shi ne wani lokaci a samansu wani musamman wallafe-wallafen salo. Fiye da shi ne halin da daban-daban daga cikin sauran? A da kasashen da aka halitta irin ayyukan? Abin da zai iya zama a matsayin wani misali na wannan Genre? A amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi za a iya samu a cikin labarin.

A abun da ke ciki na da ra'ayi

Shakka, "jaruntakar waka" - a kumshin lokaci. Yana dogara ne a kan biyu Concepts: da "waka" da "Hero". Shi ya sa hankalta to la'akari da kowane dabam, sa'an nan a hada ma'anar.

Waka (daga Girkanci. Poiema «halittar") kamar yadda wani salo ne mai manyan girma na samfurin a cikin ayoyin da suka shafi lyric-almara HALITTAR. Wannan aikin kunshi dama sassa, sõyayya da guda storyline, a cikin abin da labari ya wuce wani muhimmin taron. Features na waka a matsayin adabi Genre:

• unwrapped labarin (da yawa al'amuran da events);
• labari latitud (wani lokacin rufe shekaru da kuma al'ummomi).
• zurfin bude image lyrical.

waka asalin karya a na dā da na da epics.

Hero (.. Daga cikin Greek geros «wani jarumi, ƙaƙƙarfan mutum, a Demi-bautãwa" da kuma Faransa heros «gwarzo») - a adabi, wannan kalma na iya wakiltar wadannan Concepts:

• protagonist na wani aiki;
• Jarumi jarumi, mai yi na feats.

Kafa daga suna "gwarzo", da siffa "jaruntakar", bi da bi, za a iya nufin da wadannan:

• iya heroism.
• bayyana wani jaruntakar events.

Jaruntakar waka: Definition

Amfani da ma'anar "waka" da "gwarzo" za a iya tsara, wanda yake nufin "jaruntakar waka". Wannan adabi multipart poetic aiki, jigo na waxanda suke da wasu muhimmanci da kuma jaruntakar events fiye hade da almara haruffa da kuma su exploits ko tafiya.

Jaruntakar waka - shi ne, a sama da dukan, wani aiki na fasaha, wanda shi ne mai wallafe-wallafen sarrafa jama'a almara, halayyar da dama al'adu da kuma wanda ya wanzu tun tsufa.

Jaruntakar waka a daya nau'i ko wata wanzu a kusan kowace al'umma na duniya. Almara jama'a hadisai hankali garwaya a cikin poetic hawan keke, sa'an nan samu daraja da shahararsa.

Yawanci, da almara ne marubucin, a hade da kuma sarrafa disparate wallafe-wallafen Legends. Misalai na zamanin d jaruntakar almara ne: Indian "Ramayana" da "Mahabharata", Greek "Iliad" da "Odyssey", Old Norse "Edda" Finnish "Kalevala", Jamus ta "The Song na Nibelungs", Faransa "Song of Roland", da Italian "Urushalima Sadar," Anglo-Saxon "Beowulf" da sauransu. n.

Daga tsufa to classicism

Salo jaruntakar almara wahayi zuwa kasida kamar zamanin da, da kuma wadannan ƙarni. Its ganiya shi kai a cikin XVIII karni., Kuma an farincikin dauka up da wakilai daga classicism. Historical Genre na waka janyo hankalin su zuwa ga jaruntakar pathos, fifiko da dan kasa. A lyrical gwarzo na waka dole ya zama mai halin kirki model. Classicists kira wadannan ayyuka pinnacle na poetic art. An yi imani da cewa kowane al'umma kamata ku yi jihãdi don ƙirƙirar nasu jaruntakar waqe.

A mataki na flowering na gargajiya jaruntakar waka - shi ne mai poetic aikin rubuta daukaka style kuma kunsha na yawan shugabannin, sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin "songs". Taken labari kokari ne ya zama tarihi, gagarumin ga mutane na kasar da kuma duk na bil'adama. Wani sunan ga wannan salo - almara.

Da abun ciki na jaruntakar waka

Bisa ga canons na classicism, irin wannan aiki dole ne dole hada da wadannan aka gyara:

• fara gaya game da batun labari.
• Ina roko ga wadanda suka yi wahayi zuwa ga mawãƙi ba ne.
• babban adadin bayanai da aka bayyana yaƙi scenes.
• fantastic scene abubuwa da mythological haruffa;
• kamã da jũna haruffa wakiltar mataimakin nagarta Justice, da iko, da hassada da kuma m. p.;
• line na gaba saita fita a matsayin annabci.

A cikin Rasha hadisin

Rasha jaruntakar waka da aka ci gaba a cikin ayyukan M. V. Lomonosova ( "Petr Veliky"), V. K. Trediakovskogo ( "Tilemahida"), A. P. Sumarokova ( "Dimitriadi") da kuma A. N. Maykova ( " 'yanci Moscow ") da kuma M. M. Heraskova (" The yaƙi "da" Rossiada "). Duk wadannan ayyukan da aka rubuta a cikin gargajiya style. Labari tafi bisa ga daya daga madadin hanyoyi: ko dai art tarihi dominance a cikin mãkirci. A cikin farko idan girmamawa ya kan tsare da tarihi amincin, da kuma na biyu - a kan m fassarar da abubuwan da sun faru da kuma ci gaban da halin kirki kimantawa. Saboda haka, wasu Rasha jaruntakar waqe ne sosai daban-daban daga juna a style da kuma mayar da hankali.

A Eastern hadisin

Jaruntakar waka a Gabas ne a kananan almara Genre, da aka sani da "Dastan" (fassara daga cikin Persian "labarin"). Irin wannan aiki za a iya rubuta a shayari, litattafan, kuma ko da gauraye harshe (watau iya hada shayari kuma litattafan).

Yawanci, a wani yunkuri dastan sa jama'a Legends, kuma tatsuniyoyi. Domin wannan salo ne m Fi da kuma kasada da labaru da dama hadaddun twists kuma ya jũya. Hoton na da gwarzo ne a halin kirki manufa. Saboda haka, gabas epos ne wani analogue na Turai jaruntakar waka.

Wannan wallafe-wallafen Genre aka wakilta a cikin ayyukansu na Tajik-Persian, Uzbek kuma Kazakh kasida. Misalai na Oriental jaruntakar waqe: "Layla da Majnun", classic Persian shayari Nizamiya Gyandzhevi, da almara waka "Shahnameh" Ferdowsi, shayari Uzbek mawãƙi Alisher Navoi kuma Persian-Tajik mawãƙi Jami.

Burbushi tarihi hanya cewa ya zartar da jaruntakar waka, muna iya amincewa, tabbatar da cewa wannan salo ya halayyar dan Adam a duk matakai na ta zama ba, kuma an kara raya a wasu sassa na duniya.