Ultradeep da kyau a kan Kola Larabawa: tarihi da kuma sirrin

A da kyau, located a kan ƙasa da Kola Larabawa, shi bautarka farko matsayi a cikin jerin "super-rijiya mai zurfi na zaman lafiya." Yana da aka fadi na sukar gudanar da bincike a cikin zurfin tsarin da Duniya ta kankara. Ba kamar sauran duniyoyi data kasance rijiyoyin, da aka fadi na sukar musamman domin a cikin bincike ra'ayi da aka ba amfani da manufar da hakar ma'adinai.

Location Kola ultradeep tashar

Ina Kola ultradeep da kyau? на располагается в Мурманской области, вблизи города Заполярный (примерно в 10 километрах от него). A located a Murmansk yanki kusa da iyakacin duniya (game da 10 kilomita tafi). A da kyau wuri ne da gaske musamman. An dage farawa daga kan ƙasa na Baltic Shield a Kola Larabawa. Yana yana can, inda ƙasar kullum Firaministan zuwa surface wani iri-iri na zamanin d kankara.

Kusa da kyau ne Pechenga-Imandra-Varzuga sabani ƙullunku, kafa a sakamakon laifin.

Kola ultradeep da kyau: tarihin abin da ya faru

A girmama na dandalin a kan lokaci na haihuwar Vladimira Ilicha Lenina zuwa fara hakowa rijiyoyin da aka qaddamar a cikin farkon rabin shekarar 1970.

May 24, 1970, bayan da amincewar ma'aunan kasa balaguro na wuri na da kyau, aikin da aka fara. Don zurfin game da 7000 mita game da duk abin da ya tafi da sauri kuma lami lafiya. Bayan tsallaka bakwai dubbai aikin tafi kasashen waje, kuma ya kasance mafi rikitarwa, akwai m landslides.

A sakamakon haka, na yau da kullum karya da karya hoisting rawar soja shugabannin, kazalika da fadi da ganuwar sun batun mai aiwatar da karfafa. Duk da haka, saboda m malfunctions aikin ci gaba shekaru da dama, kuma sun kasance musamman jinkirin.

6 ga watan Yuni, 1979 rijiyar zurfin ya wuce da shãmaki daga 9583 mita, haka keta duniya rikodin ga rijiyoyin man fetur a Amurka Berta Rodzhers, located in Oklahoma. A wannan lokaci a cikin Kola borehole ci gaba da aiki game da goma sha shida kimiyya dakunan gwaje-gwaje da kuma hakowa tsari ne dubawa da Ministan Geology na Tarayyar Soviet Kozlovskim Evgeniem Aleksandrovichem.

A shekarar 1983, lokacin da zurfin da Kola super-rijiya mai zurfi da ya kai 12.066 mita, cikin ayyukan da aka dan lokaci daskarewa a cikin shiri domin ta kasa da kasa Sashen Congress a 1984. Kamar yadda ya gama, suka koma.

Farfado da aikin fadi a kan Satumba 27, 1984. Amma shi aka yanka a takaice rawar soja kirtani kuma borehole auka faru sake farko gudu. Aiki koma daga zurfin game da 7000 mita.

A shekarar 1990, da zurfin na atisayen rami kai mai rikodin 12.262 mita. Bayan wani shafi breakage samu wani domin dakatar hakowa da kuma kammala aikin.

A halin yanzu jihar na Kola borehole

A farkon 2008, ultradeep da kyau a kan Kola Larabawa aka dauke watsi, dismantled da kayan aiki, da kuma aikin ga rushe data kasance gine-gine da kuma dakunan gwaje-gwaje da aka riga a guje.

A farkon 2010, da darektan da Kola Sashen Cibiyar ce cewa a yanzu da kyau ya halartar da aiwatar da kiyayewa da kuma halakar da kansu. Tun daga nan, da tambaya da ta ba tãyar da su.

A zurfin na da kyau zuwa ranar,

A halin yanzu, Kola ultradeep da kyau, a photo wanda ya gabatar da mai karatu ta da hankali a cikin labarin ne daya daga babban-sikelin hakowa ayyukan a duniya. Ta hukuma zurfin 12.263 mita.

Sauti a Kola borehole

Lokacin hakowa na'ura haye dokin 12 dubu mita, da ma'aikata suka fara ji m sauti zuwa daga zurfin. A farko ba su hašawa da wani muhimmanci ga wannan. Duk da haka, a lokacin da dukan hakowa kayan aiki froze, da kyau rataye deathly shiru, ji m sauti da cewa ma'aikata kansu kira "kukan laifi a jahannama." Saboda sauti ne super-rijiya mai zurfi da aka dauke quite sabon abu, an yanke shawarar zuwa rikodin su da wani zafi-resistant Reno. Lokacin da records da aka ji, duk suka yi mamakin - suka kasance kamar kururuwarta da squeals mutane.

Bayan sa'o'i da dama, bayan sun saurari rikodin ma'aikatan sun samu burbushi na mai iko fashewa a baya ba a sani ba asalin. The ayyukan da aka dan lokaci dakatar a lokacin bayani daga cikin yanayi. Duk da haka, da suka sake maido da 'yan kwanaki baya. Sake sauka a cikin rijiyar, duk da bated numfashin jira su ji mutane kururuwa, amma akwai da gaske a deathly shiru.

Lokacin da fitina fara a kan asalin sauti, fara tambayoyi game da wanda kuma abin da na ji. Mamaki da kuma tsoratar da ma'aikata kokarin kauce wa amsa wadannan tambayoyi, da kuma kawai sallami tare da magana: "Na ji wani abu m ..." Sai bayan lokaci mai tsawo da kuma wani version da aka sa a gaba da aikin rufe, sauti na unknown asalin - shi ne sauti na motsi na tectonic faranti. Wannan version aka kushe kan lokaci.

Asirai cewa tana tattare da kyau

A shekarar 1989, Kola ultradeep da kyau, daga abin da sauti da hankali da tunanin mutum, aka kira "hanya zuwa jahannama." The labari da aka haife shi a Amurka talabijin watsa shirye-shirye, wanda ya yarda da Afrilu wawaye labarin a wani Finnish jarida game da Kola da kyau kamar yadda gaskiya. A labarin da ya ce cewa kowane proburonny kilometer a kan hanyar zuwa 13th kawo kasar m bala'i. A cewar labari, a zurfin 12,000 mita aikin ya fara ze mutum kukan neman taimako da aka rubuta a cikin supersensitive Microphones.

Tare da kowane mil a kan hanyar zuwa 13th a kasar akwai bala'i, don haka a cikin sama da hanyar da Tarayyar Soviet ta watse.

Haka kuma an lura da cewa, rawar soja rijiyoyin har zuwa 14.5 dubu mita, ma'aikata sanadin tuntuɓe, a kan m "dakuna" inda zazzabi ya kai 1100 digiri Celsius. Saukar zuwa daya daga wadannan ramuka ne daya daga thermostable Microphones rubuta moans wasan yara masu kara da kukan. Wadannan sautuna da ake kira "da murya na underworld" da kyau kansa ya zama ba za a iya kira "hanya zuwa jahannama."

Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, sosai wannan bincike kungiyar ya musanta wannan labari. Masana kimiyya ce da zurfin da kyau a lokacin da aka sani kawai 12 263 mita da kuma matsakaicin rubuta zafin jiki ne 220 digiri Celsius. Tsinke akwai daya kawai gaskiya, godiya ga wanda yana da dubious daraja Kola ultradeep kyau - sautuna.

Hira da daya daga cikin ma'aikatan da Kola super-rijiya mai zurfi

A wata hira kishin tunkuɗe duk da labari na Kola borehole David Mironovich Guberman ya ce: "Lokacin da ina tambaya game da gaskiyar labari da kuma wanzuwar aljanin cewa mun samu akwai, na ce wannan shi ne maganar banza. Amma a gaskiya, ba zan iya yi musu da cewa muna fuskantar wani abu allahntaka. Da farko, mun fara ta da sauti na unknown asalin, sa'an nan akwai wani fashewa. Lokacin da muka duba a cikin rijiyar, a wannan zurfin, duk abin da ya cikakken al'ada a cikin 'yan kwanaki ... "

Abin da amfani ya zo da Kola super-rijiya mai zurfi hakowa?

Hakika, daya daga cikin manyan abũbuwan amfãni daga abin da ya faru na da kyau za a iya kira gagarumin ci gaba a fagen hakowa. sababbin hanyoyi da iri hakowa da aka ɓullo da. Har ila yau, da kaina ga Kola super-rijiya mai zurfi hakowa da kuma halitta da kimiyya kayan aiki da ake amfani da su a wannan rana.

Wani da ya bude sabon wuri na albarkatun, daga cikinsu akwai ma zinariya.

Babban kimiyya burin da nazari mai zurfi yadudduka da ƙasa na aikin da aka cimma. Mutane da yawa data kasance theories an karyata (ciki har da a ƙasa basalt Layer).

Yawan super-zurfin rijiyoyin duniya

Duk duniya, akwai game da 25 ultra-zurfin rijiyoyin.

Mafi yawan su suna located a kan ƙasa na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet, amma game da 8 located a duniya.

Ultradeep rijiyoyin located a kan ƙasa da tsohon Tarayyar Soviet

A kan ƙasa na Tarayyar Soviet, ya samu halartar wata babbar lamba na matsananci-zurfin rijiyoyin, amma musamman ya kamata a kasaftawa kamar haka:

1. Muruntau da kyau. A zurfin na da kyau ya kai jimlar 3 dubu mita. Located a cikin Jamhuriyar Uzbekistan, a cikin karamin kauye Muruntau. Hakowa na da kyau ya fara a shekarar 1984 da kuma ya ba tukuna aka kammala.
2. Krivorozhskaya da kyau. A zurfin kai kawai 5383 mita daga 12 dubu don yin tunãni. Hakowa ya fara a shekarar 1984 da kuma ƙare a shekara ta 1993. A wuri na da kyau da aka dauke su Ukraine, kusa da birnin Krivoy Rog.
3. Dnieper-Donets da kyau. A countrywoman baya daya da aka located in Ukraine kusa Donetsk Jamhuriyar. A zurfin na da kyau zuwa ranar ne 5691 mita. Hakowa ya fara a shekarar 1983 da kuma ci gaba da wannan rana.
4. Ural da kyau. Yana yana da zurfin 6100 mita. An located a cikin Sverdlovsk yankin, kusa da garin Verkhnyaya Tura. To hakowa ayyukan tsawon shekaru 20, ya soma da 1985 da kuma kawo karshen tare da 2005.
5. Biikzhalskaya da kyau. Tana da zurfi kai 6700 mita. To hakowa ya faru daga 1962 zuwa 1971. An ayi a kan Caspian ciki.
6. Aralsolskaya da kyau. Ta zurfin daya da ɗari mita fiye Biikzhalskoy kuma shi ne kawai 6800 mita. Shekara na hakowa da kuma kyau wurare ne duka-duka m da Biizhalskoy borehole.
7. Timan-Pechora da kyau. Tana da zurfi kai 6904 mita. Located a cikin Jamhuriyar Komi. Don zama mafi daidai, a Vuktylsky yankin. To hakowa ayyukan tsawon game da shekaru 10, da suka fara a shekarar 1984, kawo karshen shekara ta 1993.
8. Tyumen da kyau. Zurfin kai 7502 mita habarta 8,000. To dake kusa da garin Novy Urengoy da Korotchaevo kauyen. Hakowa ya faru daga shekarar 1987 zuwa 1996.
9. Shevchenko da kyau. Yana da aka fadi na sukar a daya a 1982 domin manufar samar da man fetur a yammacin Ukraine. A da kyau zurfin ne 7520 mita. Located a cikin Carpathian yankin.
10. Yong-Yakhinskaya da kyau. Yana yana da zurfin game da 8250 mita. The kawai chink, wanda wuce shirin ta hakowa (da farko shirya 6000). Located in West Siberia, kusa da birnin Novy Urengoy. Hakowa dade daga 2000 zuwa 2006. A yanzu lokaci ya karshe addashin ultradeep rijiyoyin a Rasha.
11. Saatli da kyau. Tana da zurfi da 8324 mita. Hakowa da aka za'ayi a cikin lokaci daga 1977 zuwa 1982. An located in Azerbaijan, nisan kilomita 10 daga garin na Saatli, a cikin Kursk kumbura.

Duniya ultradeep rijiyoyin

A wasu ƙasashe, ma, akwai wasu super-zurfin rijiyoyin, wanda ba za mu iya watsi:

1. Sweden. Siljan Zobe zurfin 6800 mita.
2. Kazakhstan. Tasymov kudu maso gabas zurfin 7050 mita.
3. Amurka. Bighorn zurfin 7583 mita.
4. Austria. Tsisterdorf zurfin 8553 mita.
5. Amurka. University zurfin 8686 mita.
6. Jamus. KTB Oberpfalz-zurfin 9101 mita.
7. Amurka. Beydat-Unit zurfin 9159 mita.
8. Amurka. Berta Rodzhers zurfin 9583 mita.

Duniya records ga matsananci-zurfin rijiyoyin a duniya

A shekarar 2008, duniya rikodin Kola borehole aka karya mai kyau Maersk. Ta zurfin 12.290 mita.

Bayan haka, an rubuta 'yan more duniya records ultradeep rijiyoyin:

1. A farkon watan Janairu na 2011 da rikodin ya karye rijiyoyin man fetur "Sakhalin-1" aikin, wanda ya kai zurfin mita guda 12,345.
2. A Yuni 2013 rikodin karya borehole Chayvo filin, wanda shi ne zurfin 12,700 mita.

Duk da haka, da asirai na Kola super-rijiya mai zurfi a ranar ba bayyana da kuma bayyana. Dangi da sauti gabatar a lokacin da ta hakowa, har yau akwai sabon theories. Wa ya sani, watakila wannan shi ne ainihin 'ya'yan tashin hankali mutum kwatanci? To, ta yaya, sa'an nan, kamar yadda da yawa shaidu? Wata kila a nan gaba zai kasance da wani mutum wanda zai ba mai kimiyya bayani ga abin da ke faruwa, kuma tsammãninsu, da kyau, ya zauna, wani labari cewa za retell mutane da yawa ƙarni ...