"Daghestan" - jirgin na Project 11661 na Caspian Flotilla. Hotuna da makamai linzami da jirgin "Dagestan"

Recent shekaru gani jinkirin, amma har yanzu gaskiya ga fita daga rundunar cikin zurfin rami a cikin abin da Navy ya bayyana bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet. A musamman, a karon farko a cikin shekaru da yawa, da ruwa ya fara gaske runtse da gaske sabon jiragen ruwa, gina shi a cikin Rasha Federation. Saboda haka, misali, shi ne Corvette "Dagestan". A jirgin da ya riga ya sami babba notoriety, nasarar harba makamai masu linzami da cruise a 'yan ta'adda da kwasfansu a Syria. Ta yaya za a iya ya halitta da kuma "Dagestan", da kuma sauran jiragen ruwa na aikin 11661?

Fara na ci gaba

Back a farkon shekarun 1980s, kuma ya bayyana cewa, kasar cike take da bukatar a isasshe manyan yawan motocin yi nufi ga kariya na jihar bakin teku sashi. New jiragen ruwa dã ya kasance mai ma'ana domin maye gurbin da aikin a 1124. A bukatar sabuwar model fito saboda gaskiyar cewa sintiri jiragen ruwa na aikin 11540 fara "inganta" don warware fi girma matsaloli. A musamman, sai suka shirya zuwa aika da sauyawa ya riga ya lokaci zuwa sama aka rabu amfani da aikin a 1135.

Alhakin ci gaban da wani gogaggen zanen nada Yu. A. Nikolskogo, sa'an nan VN Kashkina wanda ya riga ya tabbatar da su, don zama lafiya, aiki a Zelenodolsk masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa. Shi ne da godiya ga aikinsu, kuma akwai wata roka jirgin "Dagestan".

abokin ciniki bukatun

Customers na Navy nan da nan ya bukaci cewa Sonar aka kafa a cikin zane. Saboda wannan hijirar da za a ƙara nan da nan har zuwa 2,000 ton, wanda ya kawo kimanta kotu to "m" aikin 12441. Duk da haka, wadannan jiragen ruwa kasance mafiya ƙarfi da makamai masu linzami da kuma wani dandamali ga anti-submarine jirage masu saukar ungulu, domin su yi amfani da matsayin matsara daga cikin tambaya. A daidai wannan lokaci ne sintiri jirgin "Dagestan", ko da yake ba kamar yadda makamai masun karfi, shi ne mafi maneuverable da sauri.

Yadda aka yi

Shirya yi na sabuwar fasahar shi ne farkon 90s. Abin da ya faru a wancan lokaci, mun riga sani. Saboda haka, a karshen na 90th shekara da aka aza flagship, mai lakabin "Petrel", amma bayan abubuwan da suka faru na ta yi kudi da aka sharply rage. Tuni a shekarar 1995 da m "Petrel" mothballed, kuma kawai kamar wata biyu - karshe an dismantled ga ya da.

Domin wannan aikin shirya jirgin da aka gina a 1993, ne aka yi nufi ga bukatun da India VFM, amma a wannan shekara ta 1995 da kudi da akayi nufi don ta yi, "kwatsam" bace. Ya zuwa yanzu, duk tare muke kokarin gano abin da ya faru, da kuma abin da ya faru da kudi daga sayan Indiyawan ƙiya. A tsawon lokaci, da kudi har yanzu gudanar ya gano jirgin ginawa, da kuma ya zama "Tatarstan".

A 2003, ya zama na aikin flagship na Caspian Flotilla. Lokacin da ta bayyana a gaban mu "Dagestan"? A jirgin da aka asali dage farawa a cikin wannan m-fated 1991 amma, da bambanci ga dukan abokansa, duk da haka an kammala da kuma mika wa Navy karkashin asalin sunan.

Ba mamaki, da yi lokacin da aka girma. Da farko, "Dagestan" so kai ga Navy a shekarar 2012, amma saboda lalacewa da cewa jirgin yana a cikin abin tsayawarta gwaji, ko da wannan lokaci da su shimfiɗa. Kawai a tsakiyar shekara ta ya ya iya tafi zuwa teku, a cikin tsarin na Jihar Acceptance samar da harbe-harben da manyan makamai masu linzami da zamo "zamo-NK". Wannan lokaci kome ya tafi da kyau, amma saboda a karshen Nuwamba 2012 da jirgin a hukumance ya zama wani ɓangare na Rasha Navy.

Features "Dagestan"

Sintiri jirgin "Dagestan" tare da rightfully za a iya kira na musamman. Don fara da gwaje-gwaje, wanda ya faru ba kawai a cikin Caspian Sea, amma kuma a cikin tekun Black Sea. Mun gudanar da su a cikin wuya sosai yanayi. Duk matakai na gwamnati dubawa sun kasance m, ko da harbe-harben daga latest makami mai linzami da aka za'ayi to mafi girma ci.

Idan aka kwatanta da ta "twin", da cewa shi ne, tare da "Tatarstan", jirgin yana da yawan da muhimmanci sosai, kuma m bambance-bambance. Da fari dai, roka launchers a kan wannan jirgin ruwa da aka shirya tsaye, wanda zai iya wuta a kusan duk wani shugabanci, ko da kuwa da shakka, ya bi ta hanyar wani jirgin "Dagestan". Tara makamai ba ka damar amincewa hallaka bambancin hari a nesa na kilomita 300, yiwuwar samun wannan ne 0,85-1. Wannan wani zaɓi an samu nasarar gwada a yi, kamar yadda a cikin gwaje-gwaje da aka buga da wani matukar maƙiyi hedkwatar, located a nesa na 180 kilomita daga jirgin.

versatility

Rapid-wuta da bindigogi da kuma tasiri tsarin na anti-jirgin sama wuta muhimmanci ƙara da fama survivability daga jirgin, kyale ka don ƙirƙirar Multi-mai lebur iska tsaro. A gaskiya, duk wadannan dalilai sa shi yiwuwa a kira da makami mai linzami jirgin "Dagestan" duniya jirgin. A ka'ida, Developers ce cewa zai iya zama da sauki matsayi a cikin category frigates.

Sabanin wannan ba, fãce da cewa rashin gaske iko anti-makamai, amma akwai kawai ba submarines a Caspian Sea. Saboda haka da jirgin "Dagestan" (Caspian Flotilla, 693) ne Mafi m tare da batu na amfani, kasancewa iya yi duk ayyuka sanya shi.

Daya daga cikin manyan karin bayanai na jirgin ruwa abu ne ta superstructures (musamman magnesium-aluminum gami). Wannan gami iya yadda ya kamata watsar da radar sakonni, yin harsashi jirgin "Dagestan" Project 11661 kasa a bayyane yake a gane m maƙiyi tsarin. Bugu da kari, akwai kuma aiki jamming tsarin. Duk wannan hadaddun yadda ya kamata boyewa da gaskiya contours daga jirgin, don kare shi daga halaka "smart" tarin harsasai, ciki har da cruise makamai masu linzami.

A karshe, "Dagestan" tsara tare da matsakaicin ga jiragen ruwa na wannan aji mulkin kai: shi zai iya zama a cikin tẽku for akalla makonni biyu, da ciwon a lokaci guda dubu biyar mil. Don samar da wani m matakin na sanyin da ƙungiya (as for irin wannan karamin kawar da cewa kome), aiki cakosoban aka sanya a cikin tsarin. Wannan damar mutane zuwa da kyau tsayayya ko matsakaici tashin hankali. Active kwandishan tsarin sa ya yiwu a yi aiki ko da a wurare masu zafi da kuma subtropical canjin yanayin.

Babban fasaha halaye na jirgin ruwa

• Cikakken hijirar - 2200 tons.
• Cikakken jiki tsawon - 102,4 m.
• Mai bene nisa - 14.4 mita.
• Zurfin, midship - 7,25 mita.
• Al'ada daftarin - 5.6 mita.
• Matsakaicin cruising gudun kewayon - 29 kullin.
• Matsakaicin cruising range (a cikin aiyukan yanayin, da dizal engine) - 5000 mil.
• Mulkin kai a kan hannun jari na abinci da kuma ruwan sha - 20 days.
• The shawarar yawan ma'aikatan jirgin - 84 mutane.

The zane na ƙwanso da superstructure

jirgin gine nufin da classic version, tare da m bene da goma watertight compartments. All superstructure sanya na musamman magnesium gami da aluminum. Saboda wannan al'amari, kadan radar sa hannu jirgin ruwa. A jirgin ruwa ta ƙwanso da aka sanya na low-gami karfe, resistant zuwa m yanayin da teku ruwa. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu to zaton dogon sabis rai daga wadannan frigates.

makamai

Akwai babban roka, manyan bindigogi da kuma anti-aircraft makamai, da karshen ma gina a kan tushen da makami mai linzami. The main "trump katin" ne antiship hadaddun "Uranus" ( "Uran-E") sanye take da model roka X-35 (e). Range bugawa manufa - daga 130 zuwa 260 km, dangane da gyara da kuma irin ammonium. Menene musamman na musamman "Dagestan"? The jirgin - kadai daya daga cikin jerin, wanda aka fara soma hadaddun "zamo-NK", wanda yake a kanta, kuma da "gudu-in", ciki har da a fama yanayi.

Wannan tara makamai na ƙwarai, a cikin wancan shi damar da ya buge (misali linzami) da marine da kuma bakin teku hari located a nesa na 300 km. Idan amfani cruise makamai masu linzami, da tasiri iyaka da makiya ta shan kashi ne muhimmanci (sau da yawa) qara. Kwararru da yawa imani da shi iya kawai bayan harbe-harben a 'yan ta'adda da kwasfansu.

manyan bindigogi bangaren

A kan hanci akwai wani 76.2-mm m gun tsarin model AK-176M. Total 152 harsasai da aka harba. Bugu da ƙari, domin lalata low Flying hari shi na samar da kawai raka'a biyu (30 mm) AC-630M. Su na kowa harsasai - 3,000 yadawa nan da nan. Wadannan saituna ba da damar high dace domin yaki da tẽku, iska da kuma wasu onshore dalilai. Abin da sauran manyan bindigogi saka a kan wani makami mai linzami Corvette "Dagestan"? The jirgin ne dauke da makamai a 14.5 mm m inji bindigogi, atomatik.

Kariya da kai hare-hare daga iska

Don ƙirƙirar robust, hanyõyi tsaro na aikin 11661 jiragen ruwa amfani da anti-aircraft hadaddun "Osa-MA-2." A launchers wannan tsarin iya located up to 20 makamai masu linzami. Amma "Dagestan" ga wadannan dalilai da aka yi amfani da mafi m SPAR "Broadsword" cewa (fitarwa version) da aka shigar a kan waɗanda jiragen ruwa na wannan aikin, wanda aka asali gina don sayarwa ga kasashen waje abokan ciniki.

Anti-submarine hari

Ba su bar jirgin "Dagestan" Project 11661 defenseless a fuskar wani yiwu hari na maƙiyi submarines, biyu torpedo shambura zamo 533 mm na gaskiya bayar. Ka lura da cewa a cikin fitarwa versions daga cikin wannan aikin jiragen ruwa saka roka bombometnaya shigarwa RBU-6000 model. Zai yiwu saukowa da stationing antisubmarine helikofta Ka-27. Domin zirga, musamman, akwai raba man fetur tankuna a kan jirgin. Bayar da cewa shi zai iya safarar da helikofta a cikin wani musamman rumfar ajiye jiragen sama (tare da folded ruwan wukake).

Duk da haka, duk wannan ba sosai zama dole, idan muka yi la'akari da jirgin "Dagestan". Caspian Flotilla (693 Ships anchored a shi), kazalika da Maritime sadarwa zuwa wasu kasashen dake yankin kawai ba su da nan wani karkashin ruwa jirgin. Amma a nan dole ne mu tuna cewa jirgin ruwa na iya a kowane lokaci a aika zuwa ga Black Sea, kuma akwai yiwuwar samun wani misali ne hari daga karkashin ruwa a can.

lantarki da makamai

Radar kayan aiki "m" saboda tare da zuwan sabuwar kuma mafi m model shi maye gurbinsu. A halin da ake ciki shi ne irin wannan a cikin akwati inda ya zama dole domin ta dace da sabon samfurori da makamai. A musamman, a kan wasu jiragen ruwa na wannan aikin, ciki har da wadanda gina da bukatun kasashen waje fleets, da wuraren canza biyu ko sau uku.

Domin radar zuwa "Dagestan" ya gana da hadaddun "Ma'adinai-M", kamar yadda wani janar-manufa radar aikin "M-M1." Sonar tsarin, alhakin dace ganewa na maƙiyi submarines - model CIM-335. The jirgin "Dagestan" (wanda yana da photo a cikin labarin) na iya sa aiki tsangwama, shi yana amfani da TC-25 lantarki yaki da CICS "Sigma". Su filin gwaji sun nuna cewa wadannan tsarin ne iya} alubalantar yadda ya kamata ƙoƙarin yi dũka a yuwuwar maƙiyi "smart" anti-jirgin makamai masu linzami.

ikon shuka

Babban engine - dizal, a twin-shaft, CODOG model. Diesel Type - 61D, sredneoborotisty. A total damar da mota ne 8000 lita. wani. Wannan ikon shuka ne ke da alhakin misali gudun. Akwai ma biyu gas turbines da total damar 29 000 lita. wani. Za su iya tarwatsa jirgin ruwan zuwa 28 kullin, kuma an tsara don yin amfani da fama yanayin lõkacin da ta zama mai muhimmanci mataki na maneuverability. Don tabbatar da duk marine kayan aiki da wutar lantarki yana da kawai uku dizal janareta, a cikinsa kowane iko ne 600 kW.

A karshen

A halin yanzu, "Dagestan" Caspian Flotilla jirgin ne ya zuwa yanzu na karshe jirgin na aikin, yana tsaye da Navy na Rasha Federation. Aƙalla a 2011-2012. duk akwai bayanai game da cikakken dakatar da daskarewa aiki a cikin wannan shugabanci, amma shi ba ya tabbatar. An ruwaito cewa tsarin ya kamata sa biyu mafi jiragen ruwa jerin, amma lokacin da su ba a ƙãra markedly. A dalilin ne mai sauki - Ukraine, a cikin hasken da wasu abubuwan da suka faru, ya ki cika tare da sharuddan da kwangila ga samar da gas turbines.

Domestic shipbuilders alkawari cewa wannan m shã'aninku ba zai hana su, su cika da shirin da haɓaka cikin gida jiragen ruwa. Daya iya kawai fatan cewa makami mai linzami jirgin "Dagestan", makamai da zai sa girmamawa da kuma wani babban jirgin, ba zai zama "na karshe daga cikin Mohicans."