Lubricants da kuma masana'antu ruwaye

Don gudanar da wani da sunadaran da kuma ayyuka na aiki da inji amfani da lubricants da kuma fasaha taya. Sun bayar da AMINCI da yadda ya dace da aiki da daban-daban kayan aiki.

Iri lubricants

A aiki, yunkuri na sunadaran ya auku tuntužar saman da su tabarbarewar da zafi daga gogayya. Don rage ta ma'adinai da kuma roba lubricants ana amfani.

Lubricants da kuma masana'antu ruwaye ga mafi part a matsayin tushen kayayyakin dauke da:

• Distillate - injin barasan na man fetur da man fetur (haske sulusi da murabba'i).
• saura - barasan na kwalta samu.

Daya ko wani irin ma'adinai da man fetur da aka shirya ta hanyar hadawa da distillate da kuma saura gyara a wasu rabo da kuma kara a cikinta. Baya

Roba mai samar da kira na wasu hydrocarbons da Bugu da kari cikinta improvers aiki yanayi.

Iri lubricants

• motor.
• watsa;
• na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa.
• greases.

Additives zuwa lubricants

Bukatun ga mai aiki a karkashin yanayi daban-daban, an kullum ana tsaurara. Tsarin gudanar ba iya cikakken samar da zama dole Properties wanda za a iya halitta da Bugu da kari na Additives a mai da fasaha ruwaye. Su adadin ne daga kasarun adadi na wani kashi 15% da kuma sama.

Iri Additives:

• Single aiki - samar da daya daga cikin Properties: anti-lalacewa, matsananci matsa lamba, da danko sosai, antioxidant, gogayya rage, antifoam, depressor, abu don wanka-dispersant, da dai sauransu.;
• Multifunctional - high polymer mahadi ganawarku mai yawa sarrafawa halaye.
• ƙari kunshe-kunshe da qagaggun - gauraye da chemically related Additives wanda inganta dũkiyarsu da kuma haifar da wani sabon ingancin (har zuwa 15 aka gyara).

A Properties na mai da ruwaye

Ga kayayyakin kamar man shafawa, aiki ruwa, ko Gost bayani dalla-dalla samar da wani sa na daban-daban sigogi fassara yanayi na su aikace-aikace.

1. Lubricity - mai hade da anti-gogayya, anti-lalacewa da kuma matsanancin matsin Properties. Babban siga ne danko, wanda characterizes kwarara juriya tsakanin ruwa yadudduka (tsauri danko, Pa ∙ s). Wani halayyar ne kinematic danko, ƙaddara da gudun ruwa outflow da nauyi ta hanyar da capillary viscometer. An auna a m ² / s. Domin mai da muhimmanci musamman dogara da danko a kan zazzabi. An kiyasta da danko Index.
2. Thermal kwanciyar hankali - wani nuna alama na antioxidant Properties na mai, halin da lokaci canji na bakin ciki mai fim a lacquer fim. A mafi girma shi ne, da hakan ingancin samfurin. A hadawan abu da iskar shaka tsari zai fara a lõkacin mai tsanani ga 50-60 ° ^C. A tsanani muhimmanci ƙara fara daga ^{game da} 250 C. The duhu man fetur da kuma canza ta da physico-sinadaran Properties.
3. Abu don wanka-dispersant Properties na engine mai nuna iyawarsa don rage samuwar sediments da carbon adibas ciki da engine kuma rike gurbatawa kayayyakin a dakatar.
4. Anticorrosive kaddarorin mai suna hankali rincabewa da jari na lalacewa tarkace. Corrosivity aka kiyasta ta acid darajar, da kayyade yawan MG Koh ake bukata domin su kau da acid a cikin 1 g man. Acid ciki a lokacin ta aiki qara 3-5 sau da su ne mafiya hatsari ga cikakken bayani. Properties na mai suna inganta ta hanyar gabatar Additives samar da m fina-finai a karfe saman ko acid neutralizing alkaline duniya karafa.

motor mai

Reciprocating ciki konewa injuna (ICE), musamman a cikin bukatar lubrication. Ga su yi amfani da mota mai, da kaddarorin wanda aka zaba musamman domin kowane kayan aiki.

Na dogon lokaci domin ciki konewa engine wa aikin ijãra da tsarki ma'adinai da man fetur. Modern kara injuna bukatar gabatarwar Additives. Advantageously amfani multigrade mai, saduwa da bukatun na danko a kan wani m zazzabi range.

Domin da yawa raka'a dace Semi-synthetics - ma'adinai ruwa tare da Bugu da kari na roba kwayoyin aka gyara. Da sayen shi, dole ne ka kula da amincin da ingancin samfurin. Mafi yawansu ba su raba shawarwari na umarni ga abin hawa. Ga shi wajibi ne su san cewa masana'antun bayar da shawarar man iri, daga abin da suka amfãne. Wadanda ba su ma masani a samar da kan sarki, kana bukatar ka bi shawararsu.

Nau'in mota mai

By Performance mota mai suna kasu kungiyoyin for injuna:

• A - neforsirovannom carburetor ( 'yan Additives).
• B - maloforsirovannye (3-5% Additives).
• B - sredneforsirovannyh (har zuwa 8% Additives).
• F - sosai kara (8-12% na Additives).
• D - sosai kara nauyi ɗora Kwatancen dizal injuna (18-25% Additives).

By digiri na mota mai danko aji ne 7: 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20. kayan multigrade engine mai na ma'adinai sansanonin da thickening low danko MPF Additives. Su akwai 10 azuzuwan, kowanne daga wanda aka nuna a matsayin wani sulusi da murabba'i, msl, 4h / 8. A numerator na danko sa aka kayyade a -18 ^{° C,} da kuma hada - at ¹⁰⁰ ° C.

Idan aka sani iri na engine mai, msl M-6 _c / 10B _2, shi za a iya deciphered kamar haka: M - motor 6 _h - danko sa tare da thickening ƙari 10 - danko a 100 ⁰ C, - sredneforsirovannyh engine 2 - domin dizal injuna .

engine man ingancin rajistan shiga aka sanya a cikin bincike cibiyar, wanda na bukatar wani kudin. Shin, akwai wani sauki hanyar duba: tare da bincike da a saka wani digo na man fetur a farfajiya na takarda. Idan shi ne hanzari daga ƙarƙashinsu tafi, da barin a farfajiya da dama m da'ira, shi yana nufin wani ingancin samfurin.

High juriya saukad da characterizes asarar amfani Properties. Irin wannan iko ne dace da kimantawa da ingancin sabo man shafawa.

watsa mai

A tsarin da watsa hada da wani watsa da kuma rarraba, axles, tuƙi kaya da sauransu. Lubrication ake bukata domin daban-daban iri giya. Gear mai suna samar daga ma'adinai, ko kuma semisynthetic tushe da aikin Additives dangane chlorine, phosphorus, sulfur, disulfide, samar da wani m film, kwasfa abubuwa daga mummunan tasirinsa. Danko jamiái dole ne kula da fim a wani babban kaya da kuma zazzabi. A sanyi weather, da mai danko ya kamata ba tsoma baki tare da sunadaran, wanda aka zaba abun da ke ciki, ya dace danko index.

Ayyuka kaya mai:

• akan rage asarar a gogayya da kuma lalacewa.
• kadan kau daga lamba zones.
• akan rage buga lodi.
• ba mai guba da kuma wadanda ba sharar gida.

A mafi araha fasaha ruwaye da greases dangane da ma'adinai da man fetur. Suna da kyau halaye, da samar da wani m m film.

Roba mai suna muhimmanci mafi girma a cikin quality, amma su ne mafi tsada da kayayyakin. Good darajar kudi ne Semi-synthetics.

Domestic watsa mai dauki kashi danko sa 4. Bisa ga yi halaye sun kasu kashi 5 kungiyoyin. The alama na daban-daban qagaggun nuna asali halaye, misali, TM-5-9 _na - watsa man Group 5, da danko na 9th aji thickening ƙari. MISALI waje Nau'in - Sae 80W-90, inda alamar na nuni da 80 - danko sa, W - misali 90 - m ga m danko 14 mm ² / s at 99 ⁰ C.

Ruwaye ga na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa da tsarin

A gidromehanizmov tsarin da actuators for actuating musamman fasaha da taya ana amfani. Wadannan su ne bukatun:

• pumpability, da kuma karamin zazzabi dogara da danko.
• high lalata juriya da kuma wani kumburi ko wulakanci na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa like.
• high lubricity.
• sinadaran da jiki da kwanciyar hankali yayin da rike da farko Properties na dogon lokaci a lokacin aiki.
• babu impurities, ruwa da kuma lalatattu abubuwa da sa lalata.

Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa mai hada game da 20 iri iri. Su ake samar da blending man fetur distillates da Additives. Da aka fi amfani dogara sanda mai AU. Known mai MG-30, M-2IHP, AMG-10, MGE-10A.

Taya for dampers da birki da tsarin

Birki fasaha ruwaye tsara don yin amfani da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa a tsarin. Wadannan su ne bukatun:

• low sanyinsu.
• a kananan danko.
• mai kyau lubricity.
• lalata da juriya;
• babu detrimental sakamako a kan roba like.

Iri birki ruwaye.

1. QShortcut - 60% Castor man + 40% ethanol.
2. SBR - 50% Castor man + 50% butyl barasa.
3. 35% glycerol + 65% barasa.
4. "Neva" da kuma yawan kananan matakai-22M - a glycol-tushen Additives.
5. "Tom" - a cakuda glycols da esters na boric acid.

Birki ruwa a kan fasaha Castor-akai a zazzabi kasa -20 ⁰ C. stiffen, amma kawai wani barasa ya zauna a cikin bayani. A wannan batun, suna zaba dangane da yankin. Sauyawa daga ruwaye a duka biyu hunturu da kuma bazara yana da wuya a yi. Mai fĩfĩta duk-kakar Aiwatar ruwa qagaggun wadda ake bisa glycol. A mafi kyau daga gare su ne "Tom", wanda yana da kyau da lalata da kuma anti-lalacewa Properties.

Buga tambaya formulations AF-12T da IHP-10, kunsha na cakuda ma'adinai da man fetur tare da low danko silicone ruwa da kuma Additives.

fasaha ruwaye

The ruwa sanyaya tsarin da aka tsara don kula da bukata da zazzabi da ICE yanayin. Shi ne rufaffiyar, shan tafi zafi daga aiki sunadaran da kuma wucewa da shi ta hanyar wani gidan ruwa da muhalli.

A baya can, ikon shuke-shuke sanyaya ta ruwa, amma sai aka yi watsi saboda qananan Rapids misãlin da kuma tafasar. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi Forms amma kumfa, da kuma tushen daga karfe lalata.

A nan gaba, fasaha ruwaye canja a abun da ke ciki, amma da kayan yau da kullum kasance da ruwa.

The most aikace-aikace samu maganin daskarewa - cakuda ruwa da glycols da kuma musamman Additives. Suna da wadannan abũbuwan amfãni:

• low sanyinsu.
• kadan fadada a kan daskarewa.
• tafasasshen batu a sama 110 ^{° C;}
• mai kyau lubricating Properties.

Maganin daskarewa dangane ethylene glycol cheap - shi ne m fasaha taya. Lower yawan guba da qagaggun dangane propylene glycol, amma su kudin ne yafi hakan.

ƙarshe

Mai da fasaha ruwaye gabatar da kasuwar a fadi da kewayon. Aikin mota ba tare da kwarewa da su aikace-aikace kamata mayar da hankali a kan qagaggun, da shawarar umarnin ga wani musamman mota iri. Musamman hankali ya kamata a biya zuwa hunturu lokaci na aiki. Lokacin da adanar da mota a cikin wani mai tsanani gareji ne quite dace da duk yanayi na cikin ruwa. Yana da muhimmanci a mayar da hankali a kan ingancin Manuniya, ba a kan farashin. Bugu da kari, ya kamata ya yi la'akari da wasu dalilai, kamar engine rayuwa.