TU-144 - kai hare hare mahayi supersonic jirgin sama

Tu-144 - ba kawai "na farko ãyõyi" na supersonic fasinja a jirgin sama. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin alamu na zamanin Soviet kasa "Cold War" da fasaha magabaci a kan yammacin duniya. Tu-144, kusan ninki biyu na gudun sauti da kuma 'yan shekarun da suka gabata wuce na zamaninsa, alama farkon sabon zamanin fasinja a jirgin sama, wanda, duk da haka, bai zo har yanzu. Its kawai gasa a wannan filin - English-French "Concorde" - ya sha wahala ko da more laifin gazawar.

A sittin bil'adama, watakila, shi ne har yanzu technologically da kimiyance ba a shirye domin irin wannan nasara. Sa'an nan duniyar kimiyya ne kusan kome da aka sani a game da karfe gajiya. Dukan tarihin gasar na biyu, waɗannan, inji yana tare da ci gaba da kuma bala'o'i da kasawa a garesu.

Lokacin da shi ya zama sane da hadin gwiwa Anglo-Faransa aikin gina wani tushen sabon supersonic fasinja jirgin sama, Tarayyar Soviet ta dauki shi nan da nan. A mayar da martani ga wannan aikin ya kamata ya zama Tu-144. "Concord" da aka lasafta a kan cruising gudun a cikin kewayon 2200-2300 km / h. Soviet analogue da ake bukata domin wuce wannan adadi, kazalika da yawa wasu. Nikita Khrushchev, kome so yarda su Yammacin makiya.

A ci gaba da wannan m aikin da aka neme kirar Tupolev. New jirgin sama da aka bayar da alamar "TU-144", kuma ta yi da hannu cikin Voronezh jirgin sama ma'aikata. Haihuwar wani sabon yaro na Soviet jirgin sama masana'antu kafin "Concorde" da kuma fasaha magabaci daga cikin Soviet jirgin sama a kan Anglo-Faransa inji aka daukarsa ba kawai a matsayin mafi muhimmanci siyasa aiki. Kudi domin gina da Tu-144, kamar yadda aka yi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, ana ba kare.

Dukan yi na supersonic karfe tsuntsu embodiment yana da haske da kuma ci-gaba fasaha ideas: yi a kan workpiece sarrafa kansa CNC da kuma fitarwa samu m gutsure fuselage ko reshe jirgin sama. Aiki da aka lalle ba su saukar, amma irin wannan fuskanta saboda wasu dalilai manta da cewa domin Semi-ƙãre kayayyakin da irin wannan babbar size da ingots bukatar dace sikelin. Su ne wajen wuya ga mold, sakamakon samuwar gida inhomogeneities inclusions ko lahani, attenuating karfe.

Watakila wannan ba su zama lafiya, idan ba da manufa na'ura. Bayan duk, da Tu-144 yana cin nasara da sauti shãmaki, kuma haka tsayayya da babban obalodi. Alal misali, harkokin fasaha kishiya "Concord" bayan ba sosai tsawon sarrafawa lokaci dama a cikin jirgin ya fara fada kashe da fuka-fuki. Kuma dalilin shi ne, ba zai yiwu a sami fita na dogon lokaci. Ya gudanar da wani iri-iri da gwaje-gwaje. Ciki har da a cikin zurfin waha a wani sosai high matsa lamba. A ƙarshe, an kawai dauka daga samarwa.

Aƙalla guda ãƙibar da TU-144. Bayan sarrafa tsarin sanya na wani dukkan-farantin karfe da manyan kauri a wasu yankunan zauna bakin ciki (har zuwa biyu millimeters) jumper. Bã su da wani abu a saboda Hakika kuma fashe ba tare da samun m babbar obalodi.

Duk da haka, Tu-144 a kan lokaci na aiki nisa wuce "Concord", ko da yake har yanzu akwai žwažwalwar ajiya na wannan na'ura hadarurruka. Zai yiwu mafi shahara daga cikinsu - a bala'i da cewa ya faru a cikin iska show a Le Bourget a shekarar 1973. A invaluable kwarewa tsiwirwirinsu, a cikin halittar wannan na'ura da aka samu nasarar yi amfani da zane da kuma gina nauyi supersonic jiragen Tu-22M kuma Tu-160.

Kuma ka yi Tu-144 zuwa tsakiyar nineties an yi amfani da nasara a da dama kimiyya da bincike :. Nazarin lemar sararin samaniya harsashi na duniya, hasken rana eclipses, da dai sauransu A gyara wannan na'ura - Tu-144 - saita goma sha uku duniya records cewa ba tukuna an dukan tsiya.