Metal gajiya: Mẽne ne da kuma yadda za ku iya tsayayya da ta?

Sau da yawa sosai cikin hanyar gazawar da daban-daban kayan aiki ne da karfe gajiya. Kuma shi zai iya faruwa ba kawai bayan dogon lokacin da amfani, amma a farkon na kayan aiki, ko abin hawa. Dalilin wannan shi ne lokaci-lokaci tsauri lodi samu ta mutum mai kumburi ko abu ba ne kawai a lokacin da kisan ta primary aiki, amma kuma a cikin masana'antu tsari. A sakamakon haka, da kayan fara rushe shi, ko da idan irin ƙarfin lantarki darajar bai kai dabi'u na tensile ƙarfi.

A gaskiya, gajiya - wani canji a cikin na asali karfe Properties (inji da kuma ta jiki) a karkashin cyclic danniya da iri. Wannan yakan haifar da tsarin canje-canje a cikin kayan da ke faruwa a Macro kuma micro matakin, wanda aka fi mayar da m da farko yanayin da kaddarorin da workpiece.

Don fahince karfe propensity ga irin wannan halaka ne irin lokaci ya shafi, a matsayin jimiri da iyaka. Wannan siga darajar ne numerically daidaita da iyakar ƙarfin lantarki wanda zai iya tsayayya abu a kan miliyan 10 hawan keke ko fiye, Ina nufin for wani sa na loading lokaci.

karfe gajiya ba ya faruwa minutely, kuma wannan shi ne ta babban hadarin. Yana daukan wani lokaci zuwa ga sun faru a cikin kayan da zama dole canje-canje da suke kusantar su azahiri ba za a iya bayyana. Yanayinsu na asali karfe Properties m sun fi mayar da danniya Jihar loading alama da kuma sakamako na muhalli. Up zuwa wasu batu, duk abin da ke faruwa mamaki suna reversible. Duk da haka, a kan lokaci, da juriya ga ƙasƙanci a hankali ya fara samun koma baya, kuma akwai abin da ake kira gajiya lalacewa.

A sosai mataki na farko karfe gajiya fara faruwa a tsarin matakin, a lokacin da hatsi da iyaka da kuma sauran gyara na micro-fasa fara bayyana, wanda shi ne a cikin m zane loading tuba zuwa macrocracks. Wannan bi da bi zama cikin manyan dalilin tsarin gazawar karshe kashi a cikin tsari, ko samfurin a lokacin inji gwaji.

Mai fili karfe gajiya kwana characterizes wannan sunan da ta nuna daidai dangantaka tsakanin yawan hawan keke samu da samfurin mataki da kuma lalacewar fara daga lokacin da ya faru na fasa da kuma kawo karshen tare da karshe halakar da abu na gudanar da bincike. Ganin cewa gajiya mamaki da farko ya bayyana a cikin yankunan da tsarin imperfections, da rarraba abin da yake probabilistic a cikin yanayi, da kuma gajiya halaye ne batun guda dokokin. The yin gwaje-gwaje mafi sau da yawa a kan wani juyawa samfurin, a haɗe zuwa wani m lankwasawa load.

karfe gajiya sun fi mayar da sanin aiki yanayi na mai zane. A gaban wani aiki matsakaici da kuma isasshe high zazzabi iya muhimmanci hanzarta da qoramu abu a cikin mummunan matakai. Tsayayya abu ne ma rage a gaban daban-daban tsarin inhomogeneities gaban ba na ƙarfe ba inclusions, wadanda ba uniform rarraba alloying abubuwa, kazalika da rashin surface m. Don hana wannan, yana yiwuwa a koma ga daban-daban surface jiyya, wanda zai iya haifar da a cikin sama Layer na kaya, saura matsawa danniya. A mafi yawan lokuta, wannan dalili aka yi yadawa jikewa, yin aiki hardening ko surface hardening ta hanyoyi daban-daban, misali ta hanyar Laser hardening.